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2022-09-01 13:10 Beijing
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Quaternary ammonium disinfectants are the mainstream disinfectants in the field of medical care, in the disinfection of surgical instruments of a high standard of disinfection, wound disinfection, disinfection of medical devices and so on play an important role.
We are familiar with the Bondi brand band-aid inside the ingredients is quaternary ammonium salt (benzalkonium chloride is a kind of quaternary ammonium salt).
The development history of quaternary ammonium salts
As early as the 1930s, quaternary ammonium salts as a fungicide began to gradually attract people's attention, however, until the mid-1980s quaternary ammonium salts before the development of the product in the country has not been the development of large-scale, mainly due to the raw material for the preparation of quaternary ammonium salts - Alkyl tertiary amine failed to realize the localization. The main reason is that alkyl tertiary amine, the raw material for the preparation of quaternary ammonium salts, has not been realized.
During the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" period, the scientific and technological research project of domestic scientists successfully developed the world's leading "Fatty Alcohol One-Step Tertiary Amines" process, which broke the monopoly of foreign countries, and since then quaternary ammonium salts have been developed rapidly in China, and have become the preferred choice for upgrading and disinfecting of millions of households.
Before the outbreak of the 2020 New Crown epidemic, household disinfection was not taken seriously, and most families had not yet established the concept of household disinfection and personal protection disinfection. Due to the sudden outbreak of the new crown epidemic, the common alcohol, drip, 84 on the market was snapped up, and it was difficult to find a single product. In order to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand during the special period, the most easy to produce relatively low-cost 75% alcohol, 84 and other disinfectants were mass-produced, and became a large number of families used to kill the virus prevention and control of necessities.
But different disinfectants are used in slightly different scenarios. Chlorine (84 disinfectant) has bleaching properties and is mainly used to clean toilets and floors, and phenol (DILU) is mainly used by families to wash laundry or wipe down desktops. After the epidemic subsides, you can choose a more efficient, safe, long-lasting product with a wider range of usage scenarios to replace the need for regular decontamination and protection during the previous special period of emergency.
Quaternary ammonium salt product development process
According to the quaternary ammonium salt development process, it can be divided into at least seven generations of products:
The first generation of products is commonly used specific alkyl distribution ratio of alkyl dimethyl benzylammonium chloride (benzylammonium chloride);
The second generation of products for the aromatic ring of the hydrogen substitution of chlorine, methyl or ethyl and the formation of substitutes for benzylalkyl ammonium, such as alkyl dimethylethyl benzylammonium chloride;
The 3rd generation products are the most commercially important and are landmark mixtures of 1st and 2nd generation quaternary ammonium salts. For example, an equal mixture of alkyl dimethyl benzylammonium chloride (1st generation) and alkyl dimethylethyl benzylammonium chloride (2nd generation). This combination of products not only improves the bactericidal effect, but also acute El service toxicity is significantly reduced;
The 4th generation of products for the double long chain quaternary ammonium salt.
The product type has bis-octyl, bis-decyl, bis-dodecyl, octyl-decyl, etc. A variety of combinations of forms, and its bactericidal effect is significantly enhanced. Such as: bis-octyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, bis-octyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, brominated bis (dodecyldimethyl) ethylene diammonium, 2 a (2 a phenoxyethoxy) ethyltrimethylammonium chloride, as well as alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and octyl aoctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride mixture, that is, Shapirox, and so on.
The 5th generation products are the 4th generation and 1st generation mixed quaternary ammonium salts. For example, a mixture of dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and alkyl dimethyl benzylammonium chloride. This combination draws on the 3rd generation of quaternary ammonium salt formulations made of synergistic principles, the preparation of components for 60% and 40%, its bactericidal effect are better than a single component, and anti-interference, less toxic, less expensive.
The 6th generation product is polymerized quaternary ammonium salt. Its main feature is less toxic, more mild bactericidal effect, weaker than the last few generations of products to some weak weak). Mainly reflects its medicinal value, such as corneal contact lenses and personal care products antibacterial.
The 7th generation product is a mixture of the 6th generation and the 3rd generation quaternary ammonium salt.
The 8th generation product is a long-lasting polymerized quaternary ammonium salt with a long-lasting curing factor.
The 9th generation product adds nano-polymerization factor on the basis of the 8th generation to form nano-polymerized quaternary ammonium salt, which can be cured on the surface of the object to form nano-polymerized quaternary ammonium salt protective layer.
Application of quaternary ammonium salts
Quaternary ammonium salts as a fungicide application has nearly a hundred years of history, after research and development, there are now a variety of quaternary ammonium salts (single-chain and double-chain compounds) fungicide and hygiene products come out.
Because of its low concentration of effective, small side effects, colorless, odorless, safe, is widely used as surgical and medical equipment sterilization and disinfectant, industrial circulating water treatment of bactericidal algaecides, oil field water reinjection of the treatment agent, the forestry and construction industry preservative, family personal, public **** hygiene and hard surface washing and disinfection agent, disinfection of livestock cleaning agent, meat, eggs and other food processing equipment, washing and disinfection agent. Washing and sterilizing agents for processing equipment, as well as for the preparation of laundry detergents, hand sanitizers and other laundry products with sterilization functions.
The mature quaternary ammonium biocides on the domestic market include: single-chain (alkyltrimethylammonium chloride/ammonium bromide 1231-1831), benzyl-containing (alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride/ammonium bromide 1227, 1427, etc.), double-chained (didecyldimethylammonium chlorine/ammonium bromide DDAC/B), and pyridinium (tetradecyl-2-methyl pyridinium bromide), etc.
Quaternary ammonium biocides are also used as disinfectants for meat, eggs and other food processing equipment, as well as for the formulation of laundry detergents and other laundry products.
New varieties of quaternary ammonium salts
Some traditional quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agents can cause bacteria to develop certain resistance due to long-term use, and many new types of quaternary ammonium salts can be derived by changing the structure of hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups as well as counter ions. In recent years, researchers have developed some new quaternary ammonium salts, and through the compounding of different bactericides to improve the bactericidal effect and avoid the emergence of bacterial resistance.
New counter-ionic quaternary ammonium salt
This kind of quaternary ammonium salt is obtained by using green chemical raw material "dimethyl carbonate" as quaternary ammonium agent, and its anion part is no longer confined to halogen ions, and almost all the inorganic and organic acids can be used as the counter-ion of quaternary ammonium salt, which greatly enriches the varieties of quaternary ammonium salt, and the new counter-ion of quaternary ammonium salt is the same as that of the inorganic and organic acids. Compared with traditional quaternary ammonium salts, the new counterion quaternary ammonium salts have stronger bactericidal effect (e.g., the inhibition rate of ammonium bisdecyldimethylmethyl/ethyl/propionate can reach 100% for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli under the concentration of 5 ppm), lower toxicity and irritation, and solved the bacterial resistance problem arising from the long-term use of traditional quaternary ammonium salts. The China Institute of Daily Chemistry has taken the lead in developing this process technology and has the ability to produce it on a large scale.
Hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl quaternary ammonium salt
Hydroxyethyl/hydroxypropyl quaternary ammonium salt (double decyl methyl hydroxyethyl/hydroxypropyl ammonium chloride DEQ/DPQ) is a new structure of quaternary ammonium salt, which belongs to the typical functional varieties, and it is the upgrading product of traditional quaternary ammonium salt. It has excellent disinfection and sterilization performance (the inhibition rate of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli can reach 100% at the concentration of 10 ppm), low ecotoxicity, good compatibility with the environment and good compatibility. China Institute of Daily Chemistry has developed a green and efficient preparation process technology, which has no emission of three wastes, short reaction time, low temperature and pressure, and now the hydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium salt has been industrialized.
Dicarbonyl quaternary ammonium salt
Dicarbonyl quaternary ammonium salt molecular structure has two positively charged nitrogen ions as well as two long-chain hydrophobic groups, due to the two quaternary ammonium positive ions in one molecule, the charge density is higher, which enhances its effective adsorption on the surface of the bacterial cells, thus changing the permeability of the cell wall, and has stronger antibacterial and antimycobacterial activities than the typical monocarbonyl quaternary ammonium salts. The use of traditional alkyl bisquaternary ammonium salts is limited due to their poor biodegradability. Researchers at the China Institute of Nitrochemicals (CINC) have introduced amide groups into the alkyl chain, which not only improves biodegradability, but also bactericidal inhibition (up to 100% inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at a concentration of 10 ppm), and the process has also been industrialized for production.
Polyquaternary ammonium salts
Polyquaternary ammonium salts biocides are obtained through the polymerization of monomers with bactericidal active functional groups, or through the grafting of small molecules with bactericidal function on the polymer matrix, which can be classified into water-soluble and water-insoluble polyquaternary ammonium salts biocide, compared with ordinary quaternary ammonium salts, prolonging the effect of antimicrobial agents time-lapse, and reducing the pollution to the environment, and also have flocculation, corrosion inhibition and so on. It has the functions of flocculation, corrosion inhibition and so on. It avoids the problems of toxicity, residual toxicity, irritation and safety of use in the process, and is a class of disinfectant and bactericide with good prospects.
Quaternary ammonium salt compound products
Because a single quaternary ammonium salt biocide in some use environment bactericidal effect will be limited, and long-term use alone will produce drug resistance, researchers have found that the compounding quaternary ammonium salt synergistic effect will have a better broad-spectrum bactericidal effect and many other advantages, such as: prolonging the cycle of bactericidal, expanding the spectrum of antibacterial and antimicrobial range, reducing the use of concentration, Preventing the development of bacterial resistance, etc.
Some studies have shown that the first and third generation of the complex that is the fourth generation of fungicides than the first three generations of 4-20 times. It is believed that through the traditional quaternary ammonium salts and new quaternary ammonium salts, as well as other types of surfactants or bactericides can also achieve synergistic effect to improve the effect of sterilization.
The Singapore government recommends the use of quaternary ammonium-based disinfectants for the elimination of the new coronavirus.
Bai Yansong, host of the news program News 1+1, connected with authoritative experts to explain the outbreak, and Mr. Zhang Liubo, chief disinfection expert of the CDC and director of the Disinfection Center of the Institute of the Environment, said in the conversation that common quaternary ammonium-based disinfectants are both safe and reliable.
June 2, 2020, by the State Administration of Market Supervision and Administration and the State Standardization Administration jointly issued the latest "quaternary ammonium disinfectants hygiene requirements" (GB/T26369-2020), marked quaternary ammonium disinfectants are suitable for:
General object surface Disinfection of surfaces with medical devices
Disinfection of fabrics
Surgical disinfection, sanitation disinfection, disinfection of skin and mucous membranes
Disinfection of edible processing equipment and utensils
Methods of use: Disinfection by wiping, immersion, rinsing, spraying, foam retention and other methods.
At present, the latest type of composite quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant disinfectant principle, mainly physical effect of the disinfectant, it is a cationic surfactant with a positive charge, on the one hand, can be adsorbed on the surface of the object with a negatively charged viruses, resulting in spatial site resistance effect, affecting the normal growth of viruses. On the other hand, the cationic surfactant can change the permeability of the viral envelope, the viral envelope has a strong destructive force, it has spikes on the surface, which can puncture the envelope of the new coronavirus and the cell membrane of the germs, so as to achieve the purpose of elimination.
It is safer than traditional disinfectants. Practically non-toxic, non-flammable and explosive, non-irritating, non-corrosive and non-decolorizing.
Quartered Ammonium Disinfectant FAQ
Is Quartered Ammonium Disinfectant toxic?
Actually non-toxic, three senses of biological quaternary ammonium compound disinfectant active ingredients for dodecyldimethylammonium chloride and bisdodecyldimethylammonium bromide, the total amount of active substances: 2.0 ± 0.2g / L, a bottle of 500ML, contains only 1.0 ~ 1.1g, the actual non-toxic non-irritant, and sterilization effect of up to 99.99%
Quaternary ammonium disinfectant solution can be used for the elderly, children skin disinfection? Can Quaternary Ammonium Sterilizer disinfect the skin of the elderly and children?
Yes.
Can I stock up on Quaternary Ammonium Sterilizer at home?
Yes, Three Senses Bio Quaternary Ammonium Sanitizer is safe and stable.
Can I take Quaternary Ammonium Sterilizer on a plane?
Yes, you can take it on airplanes, high speed trains, and trains.