Textile workshop noise composition is more mixed, like a single loom noise value of 95dB or more, this is a high-frequency noise, but because these devices can not be blocked, so the acoustic enclosure, mute room such noise management means is not feasible. There are some additional fans, compressors and other general-purpose equipment due to vibration caused by low-frequency noise, these are the need for targeted management.
Textile workshop noise treatment
Textile workshop noise principle
From the point of view of physics, there is no principle difference between vibration and noise, people feel the noise by hearing, feel vibration by touch, which are caused by fluctuation processes occurring in solid, liquid and gaseous media. The vibrations alternate very densely with each other according to the cycle of excess pressure (compared to atmospheric pressure), which creates sound. Noise is formed by the chaotic combination of sounds of different frequencies and intensities that occur as a result of vibrations in the medium (air). In particular, vibration and noise are inevitably accompanied by the operation of any mechanism and gaps in the textile machinery, and the mechanical and acoustic vibration of mechanical parts is the cause of vibration and noise.
Sources of noise in the textile workshop
Overall, most textile machines have mechanisms with periodic impact action, and they operate with vibration and low-frequency noise caused by inertial forces, friction, and work loads. When there are gaps in their joints, the impacts cause high-frequency noise. Low-frequency aerodynamic noise is emitted when the fan of the aerodynamic system of the machine is working, and high-frequency aerodynamic noise is generated by the nozzle of the aerodynamic system. For example, the transmission system of various textile equipments, i.e., gear and chain transmission; the spindle of twisting and worsted spinning machines; the high-frequency noise emitted by the bearings and wire rings of the spindle; the low-frequency and medium-frequency noise produced by the fan; and the noise generated by the mechanical impacts of the weaving machine's casting and weft-beating mechanism, and so on.
The significance of reducing noise in the textile workshop
Reducing noise in the textile workshop has a great socio-economic significance in addition to reducing its direct harm. To the textile workshop staff to create good working conditions, conducive to improving labor productivity and production efficiency. On the one hand, the increase in production per unit of time, shortening the consumption of man-hours; on the other hand, as a result of the reduction of workers can not labor time, and thus improve the efficiency of the total number of man-hours, but also reduce the cost of medical care.
The full implementation of noise reduction measures
1, people-oriented concept of noise reduction
Noise reduction should be to protect people's health as a principle, people-oriented is the purpose and standard of noise reduction. Protect people's health from the harmful effects of noise, the key to solving this problem lies in determining the maximum allowable value of noise with scientific basis. That is, every day for many years often under the influence of noise, will not make people sick and impede normal labor activities. Because in most cases, economic and technological limitations, it is impossible to reduce noise to a very small sound level. Therefore, the standard of noise reduction should be people-oriented, without harming people's health and does not affect normal labor activities as the goal, to establish a people-oriented concept of noise reduction.
2, the systematic principle of noise reduction
Preventing noise and sound vibration, for the workshop to ensure normal sound conditions, is a complex problem. This requires the systematic implementation of a comprehensive set of measures to be resolved. Organize to provide this need at the beginning of the design of the plant, should be reasonable layout; in the sound source to reduce the vibration of machinery and equipment, but also in the workshop set up sound-absorbing equipment and the use of personal noise supplies, such as this systematic project to ensure.
3, reasonable layout of the factory
Correct layout of the factory with noisy equipment in the workshop, especially the correct layout of the workshop in the noisy section, you can ensure that the majority of people with no direct relationship with the noisy equipment to maintain their normal working conditions. When planning, noisy workshops should be concentrated in one or two places and arranged downwind of the boundary of the enterprise area. Reasonable layout and plant using sound absorption, sound insulation, muffling and other methods, in the design of the cost-effective enclosure structure, in the workshop ceiling and walls to do porous sound-absorbing finishes and muffling, sound isolation, vibration damping and other devices to reduce the workshop noise. Such as the use of aluminum sound-absorbing panels for ceilings and walls and so on.
4, innovative structure of textile machinery and equipment
Noise reduction treatment path, first of all, should be reduced from the source. Manufacture of low-noise new equipment, equipment design at the beginning of the structure of new machinery and equipment or to change the structure of the combined parts of the noise, reduce the power load, exclude the impact of mechanical and improve manufacturing accuracy. Usually change the characteristics of the movement, stiffness and transmission form and other methods, you can get good results.
5, to focus on textile technology methods
Reducing the noise of the sound source, industry, transportation industry can choose low-noise production equipment and improve the production process, or to change the noise source of the movement, such as playing the shuttle bar, thirty-six tooth wheel, shuttle, belt knot with the main sound-producing parts of the treatment, replacement of component materials, such as the use of nylon shuttles instead of wood shuttles, nylon thirty-six tooth wheel Instead of cast steel gears, use composite nitrile damping knot instead of the original nitrile knot, so that the noise is reduced. In addition, in some parts of the outer panel damping layer, or reduce the speed of the loom, the installation of cushioning devices, can also obtain further noise reduction.
6, hierarchical management, hierarchical protection
In the control room, design room, workshop or employees work for a long time, the intensity of the noise should be low; warehouse or less people to go to the workshop or the open space, the noise is slightly higher can be. In short, there should be some difference in the treatment of noise at different times, in different places, of different natures and of different durations. Noise protection for the sound recipient or the sound-affected organ When measures cannot be taken on the sound source and transmission route, or when the acoustic measures taken still fail to achieve the desired effect, it is necessary to take protective measures for the sound recipient or the sound-affected organ. For example, workers exposed to long-term occupational noise can wear earplugs, ear muffs or helmets and other ear protectors. Weaving workshop machine more people, take personal protective measures is more reasonable.
7, the scientific principle of noise reduction
Noise reduction as a theory and practice closely linked to the technology, need the support of many disciplines, in the implementation of noise reduction measures, should pay attention to the absorption and use of various scientific theories. The use of enclosures and enclosures to soundproof the entire machine and noise components is a basic method of noise reduction. Establishment of sound insulation barriers, as well as the utilization of other sound insulation materials and sound insulation structures to block the propagation of noise. Application of sound-absorbing materials and sound-absorbing structures to convert the propagating noise acoustic energy into thermal energy and so on.
In the textile workshop, the commonly used sound-absorbing materials are mainly porous sound-absorbing materials, such as glass wool, mineral wool, expanded perlite, perforated sound-absorbing panels and so on. The sound-absorbing performance of the material is determined by its roughness, flexibility, porousness and other factors. In addition, the lawn and trees around the building are also good sound-absorbing materials. Cladding made of vibration-damping materials with high internal friction is one of the effective ways to attenuate structural vibration, i.e., to attenuate radiated noise. In the textile workshop, this method of noise reduction, first applied to the machine with a thin-walled protective body, fully closed all the institutions, the effect is obvious.
Textile workshop noise management:
1, the top of the workshop, wall installation of sound-absorbing materials, such as acoustic ceiling. To achieve the purpose of sound absorption and muffling, reduce reverberation, reduce noise;
2, the noise parts of textile machinery to do damping design, the implementation of textile equipment vibration damping, noise reduction;
3, for some general-purpose equipment triggered by the noise, you can choose to install the muffler equipment in its wind, in order to strengthen the effect of noise reduction, but also set up the noise enclosure, blocking the propagation of noise.
4, if the above can not effectively reduce the noise, if necessary, you can also choose to install soundproof doors and windows, blocking the spread of noise to the outside world.