The first generation analog mobile phone (1995) can only make voice calls;
From 1996 to 1997, the second-generation GSM, TDMA and other digital mobile phones (2G) have added the function of receiving data, such as receiving emails or web pages;
3G was not born in 2009, but the product of the last century. 4G was produced abroad as early as 2007. In 2008, China also successfully developed China 4G, and the network transmission speed can reach 2G per second, which is equivalent to one second for the next movie. In Japanese and Korean movies such as My Barbarian Girlfriend in the late 1990s, the videophone used by the heroine to let the other side see herself is one of the important applications of 3G technology. The application of 3G in Japan, South Korea and other countries was at the end of last century. At present, some foreign regions have started trial operation of 3.5G or even 4G networks.
(Source: China 3G: On the Development of 3G and 4G Technologies)
(The following is misleading) The main difference between the third generation (3G) which came out in 2009 and the previous two generations is the improvement in the speed of transmitting sound and data. It can better realize seamless roaming around the world, handle various media forms such as images, music and video streams, and provide various information services including web browsing, teleconference and e-commerce. At the same time, we should also consider the good compatibility with the existing second-generation system. In order to provide this service, the wireless network must be able to support different data transmission speeds, that is, at least 2Mbps (megabits per second), 384kbps (kilobits per second) and 144kbps in indoor, outdoor and driving environments respectively. (This value will vary according to the network environment).
3G standards, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has defined four 3G standards in the world, namely WCDMA, CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA and WiMAX.
[Edit this paragraph ]3G standard
In May 2000, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) determined four mainstream wireless interface standards: W-CDMA, CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA and WiMAX, and wrote them into the 3G technical guidance document "International Mobile Communication Plan 2000" (IMT—2000 for short). CDMA is the abbreviation of code division multiple access, which is the technical basis of the third generation mobile communication system. The first generation mobile communication system adopts frequency division multiple access (FDMA) analog modulation mode. The main disadvantages of this system are low spectrum utilization and signal interference to voice services. The second generation mobile communication system mainly adopts time division multiple access (TDMA) digital modulation mode, which improves the system capacity, and uses independent channels to transmit signaling, which greatly improves the system performance. However, the system capacity of TDMA is still limited and the handover performance is still not perfect. CDMA system shows great development potential with its advantages of simple frequency planning, large system capacity, high frequency reuse coefficient, strong anti-multipath ability, good communication quality, soft capacity and soft handover. Here are some 3G standards:
( 1) W-CDMA
Also called WCDMA, wideband CDMA, and CDMA direct spread spectrum, which means wideband code division multiple access. This is a 3G technical specification based on GSM network development, and it is a broadband CDMA technology proposed by Europe. It is basically the same as the broadband CDMA technology proposed by Japan and is being further integrated. The supporters of W-CDMA are mainly European manufacturers with GSM system, and Japanese companies are more or less involved, including Ericsson, Alcatel, Nokia, Lucent and Nortel in Europe and America, as well as NTT, Fujitsu and Sharp in Japan. This standard puts forward the evolution strategy of GSM(2G)-GPRS-EDGE-WCDMA(3G). This system can be built on the existing GSM network, which can be easily transitioned by system providers. However, in Asia where GSM system is quite popular, the acceptance of this new technology is expected to be quite high. Therefore, W-CDMA has inherent market advantages.
(2)CDMA2000
CDMA2000 is a wideband CDMA technology developed from narrowband CDMA(CDMA IS95) technology, also known as CDMA multicarrier. It was put forward by Qualcomm North America Company, with the participation of Motorola, Lucent and South Korea Samsung. South Korea is now the leader of this standard. The system originated from the narrow-band CDMAOne digital standard, and can be directly upgraded from the original CDMAOne structure to 3G, with low construction cost. But at present, CDMA is only used in Japan, South Korea and North America, so there are not as many supporters of CDMA2000 as W-CDMA. However, the research and development technology of CDMA2000 is the fastest among the current standards, and many 3G mobile phones have already taken the lead. This standard puts forward the evolution strategy from CDMA IS95 (2G)-CDMA 20001X-CDMA 20003x (3G). CDMA2000 1x is called the 2nd and 5th generation mobile communication technology. The main difference between CDMA2000CDMA20003x and CDMA2000 1x lies in the application of multicarrier technology, which improves the bandwidth by using three carriers. At present, China Telecom is adopting this scheme to transition to 3G, and has built a CDMA IS95 network.
(3)TD-SCDMA
The full name is time division-synchronous code division multiple access, which is a 3G standard independently formulated by Chinese mainland. 1On June 29th, 999, the Institute of Telecommunications Science and Technology of the former Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of China (Datang Telecom) proposed to ITU. The standard integrates international leading technologies such as smart wireless, synchronous CDMA and software radio, and has unique advantages in spectrum utilization, business support flexibility, frequency flexibility and cost. In addition, due to the huge market in China, the standard has attracted the attention of major telecom equipment manufacturers, and more than half of the equipment manufacturers in the world have announced that they can support the TD-SCDMA standard. This standard proposes a direct transition to 3G without the intermediate link of 2.5 generation, which is very suitable for upgrading GSM system to 3G.
(4)WiMAX
The full name of WiMAX is Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, also known as 802. 16 wireless metropolitan area network, which is another broadband wireless connection scheme for enterprises and home users. Combining this technology with microwave equipment with or without authorization will expand the broadband wireless market and improve the awareness of enterprises and service providers because of its low cost. On June 65438+1October 65438+September, 2007, WiMAX was officially approved as the fourth global 3G standard after WCDMA, CDMA2000 and TD-SCDMA.
[Edit this paragraph ]3G China
The largest professional 3G service platform in China, which integrates the functions of industry, enterprises, products, services and trade, is an integrated system service platform for enterprises to realize wap website construction, industry new media communication, mobile service operation and wireless timely communication on 3G networks. Its industrial integration promotion concept and brand-new 3G network wireless communication marketing model have formed a new 3G wireless information network. All its functions and value-added services provide users with a perfect and efficient 3G experience, which perfectly embodies the powerful business connotation of the 3G era.
[Edit this paragraph ]3G parameters
Wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA)
RTT Front for the Defence of Democracy
3g Asynchronous CDMA System: No GPS
Bandwidth: 5MHz
Chip speed: 3.84 megacps
China band: 1940MHz- 1955MHz (upstream), 2 130MHz -2 145MHz (downstream).
TD-SCDMA
RTT TDD
Synchronous CDMA system: with GPS
Bandwidth: 1.6 MHz
Chip speed: 1.28 MHz/sec
China frequency band: 1880- 1920MHz, 20 10-2025MHz.
2300-2400 MHz
CDMA2000
RTT Front for the Defence of Democracy
Synchronous CDMA system: with GPS
Bandwidth:1.23mhz.
Chip speed: 1.2288 megacycles/second
China frequency band: 1920MHz-1935MHz (upstream), 2110mhz-2125mhz (downstream).
Global interoperability microwave access
Global microwave interconnection access, otherwise known as 802+08.
Bandwidth: 1.5M to 20MHz
Maximum access speed: 70M
Maximum transmission distance: 50km.
Chip speed: unknown
China Band: (temporarily unavailable)
[Edit this paragraph] Convenient life in the 3G era
3G will bring new enjoyment to life.
●3G is a video conference in a taxi;
●3G is a soap opera that can't be missed by train;
●3G is an image sent back from the scene to the headquarters for analysis;
●3G is to enjoy your wonderful holiday in Morocco with friends.
China's 3G road has just begun. The first popular 3G application is "wireless broadband Internet access", with 600 million mobile phone users accessing the Internet anytime and anywhere. The streaming media service of wireless Internet will gradually occupy the dominant position. The core applications of 3G include:
1. Broadband Internet access
Broadband Internet access is a very important function of 3G mobile phones. At that time, we could send and receive voice mails, write blogs, chat, search, download ringtones, etc ... Now many people think that the application of these functions on mobile phones will wait until the 3G era, but in fact, the wireless Internet access is already available. Although the current GPRS network speed is not ideal, it is no longer a dream that mobile phones will become small computers when the 3G era comes.
2. Video call
In the 3G era, the traditional voice call is already a very weak function. By then, new services such as video calling and voice mail will become the mainstream, and the traditional voice calling charges will be reduced, but the visual impact will be strong, and fast and direct video calling will become more popular and develop rapidly.
In the 3G era, what people talk about most is the video calling function of mobile phones, which is also one of the most popular 3G services abroad. I believe many people have used the video chat function of QQ, MSN or Skype to chat face to face with distant relatives and friends. In the future, relying on the high-speed data transmission of 3G network, 3G mobile phone users can also "face to face". When you make a video call with a 3G mobile phone, don't put the phone to your ear, but face the phone and wear a wired headset or a Bluetooth headset. You will see each other's images on the screen of your mobile phone, and you will be recorded and sent to each other.
3. Mobile TV
The 2008 Olympic Games made everyone enthusiastic about mobile TV, and it became a demand for users to watch the Olympic Games through mobile phones. From the operator level, the issuance of 3G licenses has solved a great technical obstacle, and the construction of standards such as TD and CMMB has also promoted the development of the whole industry. Mobile streaming media software will become the most used mobile TV software in 3G era, which will improve the smoothness and quality of video images, break through the technical bottleneck and be truly applied on a large scale.
4. Wireless search
For users, this is a very practical mobile network service and can be accepted quickly. Searching by mobile phone anytime and anywhere will become a common habit of more mobile phone users.
Step 5 move music
In Japan, where wireless Internet is mature, mobile phone music is the most beautiful scenery, and downloading music through mobile phone is 50 times that of computer. In the 3G era, as long as a mobile phone music software is installed on the mobile phone, the mobile phone can be turned into a music box anytime and anywhere through the mobile phone network, and countless songs can be easily stored, with faster download speed and negligible traffic consumption.
6. Mobile shopping
Many people have the experience of shopping on Taobao, but the mobile phone mall is still a new thing for many people. In fact, mobile e-commerce is the favorite of mobile Internet users in the 3G era. At present, 90% mobile phone users in Japan and South Korea are used to spending money on their mobile phones, even buying daily necessities such as rice and washing powder. Experts predict that there will be a rapid growth period of mobile shopping in China in the future. As long as users open the mobile Internet service, they can query commodity information through their mobile phones and pay for goods online.
7. Mobile online games
Compared with computer online games, the experience of mobile online games is not good, but it is easy to carry and can be played at any time. This kind of online game that uses spare time is the new favorite of young people at present, and it is also an important capital growth point in the 3G era. After the arrival of the 3G era, the game platform will be more stable, faster and more compatible, that is, "more fun", which, like the upgraded version, will make users feel more experience in the visual and effect aspects of the game.
Only one week after the the State Council executive meeting agreed to launch 3G licenses, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology quickly issued 3G licenses to the three major operators. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology announced that it approved China Mobile Communications Corporation to increase 3G business licenses based on TD-SCDMA technology, China Telecom Corporation to increase 3G business licenses based on CDMA2000 technology, and China United Network Communications Corporation to increase 3G business licenses based on WCDMA technology.
For operators, the issuance of 3G licenses means the beginning of a new round of market competition. For equipment manufacturers, this means that at least 280 billion yuan of investment cake is in front of them in three years; For users, 3G means that the bandwidth of mobile Internet access is soaring and the tariff is getting lower and lower.
[Edit this paragraph ]3G China authorization
On 20091October 7 14:30, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued three 3G licenses to China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom, which marked the official entry of China into the 3G era.
Among them, approval
China Mobile has added a 3G license based on TD-SCDMA technology (TD-SCDMA is the 3G technical standard of China's independent property rights).
China Telecom has added 3G licenses based on CDMA2000 technology,
China Unicom has added a 3G license based on WCDMA technology.
[Edit this paragraph] 3G China authorization related.
After the 3G license is issued, a communication industry chain including 3G network construction, terminal equipment manufacturing, operation service and information service will be formed, which will play an important role in expanding domestic demand and stimulating the economy.
Li, Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that according to the respective development plans of telecom operators, it is estimated that 3G direct investment will be about 280 billion yuan in 2009 and 20 10. Some experts believe that 3G investment for three years can boost social investment of nearly 2 trillion yuan, which will help boost China's economic growth.
"The investment-driven effect of 3G license issuance is obviously different from that of national infrastructure. National infrastructure construction such as transportation and energy requires a lot of government investment, and the issuance of 3G licenses will immediately attract social funds, because the market has long expected the issuance of 3G licenses. " Chen Jinqiao, deputy chief engineer of the Institute of Telecommunications of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said.
Datang Telecom predicts that in the next five years, the direct investment of 3G will be about 10.5 trillion yuan, and its contribution to GDP will be about10 trillion yuan.
With the official issuance of 3G licenses, the 3G war between operators will also break out in an all-round way. In the last month, China Mobile first launched a price war and lowered the data service tariff. Its TD-SCDMA network is being tested in ten cities, and will be extended to thirty-eight cities in the next step. China Telecom launched a new brand Tianyi 189 brand and invested heavily in marketing Internet mobile phones; China Unicom, which is relatively low-key, has the most mature 3G license WCDMA, and has conducted WCDMA experiments in seven cities. The first batch of WCDMA trial networks are also stepping up internal testing.
The person in charge of China Mobile said that it will take the promotion of independent innovation and the development of TD-SCDMA as its own responsibility, do a good job in the construction and operation of TD-SCDMA, expand network coverage, enrich business types, and provide users with high-quality and efficient 3G services. The leaders of China Telecom and China Unicom both said that they would strictly implement relevant regulatory policies and launch 3G services in time to meet the growing diversified and comprehensive information service needs of customers.
[Edit this paragraph] The current situation of 3G in China
On April/KOOC-0/2008, China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd. carried out the social service test and commercial trial of the third generation mobile communication (3G) and "China standard" TD-SCDMA in eight cities, with the number of/KOOC-0/57. It marks the official commercial launch of the third generation mobile communication (3G) standard TD in China. According to reports, the first batch of social business tests will invite 20,000 users from different industries and departments to provide 2,000-4,000 yuan of mobile phones and data card terminals free of charge, and give the test users a monthly telephone subsidy in 800 yuan.
Judging from China Mobile's public tariff standard, ordinary call charges TD are even cheaper than 2G. TD monthly fee is 50 yuan/month, and the local basic call fee is 0.40 yuan/minute, and the caller is free; The domestic roaming call fee is 0.60 yuan/minute, and the called party is 0.40 yuan/minute; Domestic long-distance call charge is 0.07 yuan /6 seconds; The short message fee is 0. 1 yuan/message inside the network and 0. 15 yuan/message outside the network, and the reception is free.
TD new service-local communication of videophone calls 0.6 yuan/min, and the called party is free; Domestic roaming calling 0.9 yuan/min, called 0.60 yuan/min; Domestic call 0. 10 yuan /6 seconds. In addition, China Mobile has also launched three TD voice packages and data card packages, all of which are lower than the current G network level.
After the completion of the second phase of TD network, all provincial capitals and municipalities directly under the Central Government, as well as 38 cities including Shenzhen, Dalian, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao and Baoding, will be able to exchange videophones.
China Mobile recently issued a procurement tender announcement, showing that TD-SCDMA network construction will be fully rolled out throughout the country. 3G users in this city will soon be able to roam 3G networks in provincial capitals and other major cities in China while enjoying high-speed wireless network applications.
TD phase ii network bidding
China Mobile recently issued the Tender Notice for Wireless Network Equipment Procurement of China Mobile TD-SCDMA Expanded Network Technology Application Test Network Phase II Project, indicating that it will start the tender for TD-SCDMA Phase II equipment in the near future.
TD-SCDMA wireless network equipment bidding involves 28 cities including Shijiazhuang and Taiyuan. The second phase of TD network construction plans to build 23,000 wireless base stations, about10.6 million wireless fans, which is about10.58 times of the first phase of network construction.
The first phase 10 cities, including Tianjin, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and other megacities. It is understood that in these big cities, the number of base stations in a single city is above 1000, and at most it exceeds 3,000. However, most cities with the second phase of network construction have only a few hundred base stations, with an average of 800 base stations per city. According to experts' analysis, although there are a large number of cities in the second phase of TD, the scale of cities in the first phase is not as large as that of cities, so the demand for base stations in the initial stage is relatively reduced.
In 2009, 38 cities could use 3G.
According to the tender announcement, the second phase of TD network construction covers 28 cities including Shijiazhuang, Taiyuan, Hohhot, Dalian, Changchun, Harbin, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Hefei, Fuzhou, Nanchang, Jinan, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Changsha, Nanning, Haikou, Chongqing, Chengdu, Guiyang, Kunming, Lhasa, Xi 'an, Lanzhou, Xining, Yinchuan and Urumqi. Wang Jianzhou, chairman of China Mobile, has publicly stated that the second phase of the network is expected to be completed and put into use before the end of June next year.
After the completion of the second phase of TD network construction, all provincial capitals and municipalities directly under the Central Government, as well as 38 cities including Shenzhen, Dalian, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao and Baoding, will be able to exchange videophones and realize a number of typical 3G services.
Roaming 37 cities and enjoying high-speed communication.
At present, 3G users in this city use GSM network when trying to roam to areas not covered by 3G network. According to the construction process planned by China Mobile, by the middle of next year, 3G users in this city will be able to roam 3G networks in 37 cities across the country, and it will be more convenient to use TD mobile phones or TD data cards to wirelessly access the Internet for work and entertainment in other places.
However, people who are concerned about 3G need to pay attention to the fact that there are only 800 base stations in each city in the second phase of network construction, and the coverage is mostly in local central cities. When citizens roam to TD City, it is expected that 3G phone calls and Internet access will be smoother in urban areas, and problems such as weak 3G signals may occur in local suburbs. At that time, the mobile phone may automatically switch to GSM network, and calls and short messages should not be a problem, but the use of some 3G services may be affected.
Current situation of TD-CMMB:
2008-06-438+02-24, Taier Lab of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the first TD-SCDMA mobile phone test report supporting CMMB function in China yesterday, and two technological achievements independently innovated by China, TD-SCDMA and CMMB, were recognized by professional technology. Another company that obtained the certificate of TD-CMMB test conformity report is Yulong Coolpad. At the same time, the reporter learned from reliable sources in the industry that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will issue the first mobile phone network access license to TD mobile phones loaded with CMMB as soon as this week.
More than 30 manufacturers won the bid for centralized procurement of CMMB mobile terminals.
CMMB is a mobile TV standard based on digital broadcasting technology promoted by radio and television system. At present, CMMB mobile TV signals have covered 37 cities in China. The relevant departments specially approved the release of 40,000 TD mobile phones with CMMB (China Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting and Television) mobile TV functions purchased by China Mobile, which enabled the CMMB business of radio and television to be commercialized during the Olympic Games. But at present, all CMMB mobile phones have not obtained the network access license issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
As the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television has announced, CMMB mobile TV will be extended to more than 0/00 cities nationwide next year, and will be officially commercialized in the second half of next year at the earliest. Therefore, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television recently conducted a large-scale collection of CMMB mobile phones, with a collection volume of about one million. Among them, more than 30 mobile phone manufacturers such as Hisense, Lenovo and Tianyu won the bid. However, because the mobile phone network access certificate needs to be issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, these successful mobile phones will be cracked down as illegal products if they cannot access the network.
TD mobile phone with CMMB function will get network access certificate.
"The communications industry also has its own mobile TV standards. The competition for standards shows that the distribution of benefits behind it is not uniform, which leads to the delay in issuing a' birth certificate' to CMMB mobile phones by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. " A person in charge of a mobile phone manufacturer said.
Because regular manufacturers can't get network access certificates for mobile phones loaded with CMMB services, the "cottage machines" in the market are rampant. Many manufacturers modify the mobile phones that have passed the network access test and add CMMB TV modules to enter the market without authorization.
The above-mentioned manufacturers said that the TD mobile phone test report loaded with CMMB function was issued by Thiel Lab of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology to make preliminary preparations for the next step of issuing CMMB mobile phone network access licenses. As soon as this week, it is expected to be the first to issue CMMB mobile phone network access licenses to domestic mobile phone manufacturers, but only for TD mobile phones loaded with CMMB standard.
The industry expects that this move will gradually promote the CMMB function in TD-SCDMA mobile phones.
■ Noun explanation
CMMB is the abbreviation of China Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting, which means China Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting and Television. It is a seamless cooperative coverage broadcasting system combining satellite transmission and ground network. CMMB mainly provides radio and television services for small-screen portable handheld terminals such as mobile phones and PDA, and terminals such as car TV.
At present, the CMMB network has covered more than 100 prefecture-level cities nationwide, which also means that CMMB will be better integrated with TD in the 3G era.
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