Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation), referred to as membrane lung, is a new technology to save the lives of dying patients. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation originated from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in cardiac surgery and was successfully used in the treatment of neonatal severe respiratory failure on 1975. 1980, Dr. Bartlett of Michigan medical center led and established the first extracorporeal membrane oxygenation center, and then 145 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers were established all over the world. In recent 10 years, with the emergence of new medical methods, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation technology has been greatly improved and its application scope has been expanded.