What role does lubricating oil play in the use of mechanical equipment?

Function of lubricating oil: 1. When lubricating the engine, if some friction parts are not properly lubricated, dry friction will occur. Practice has proved that the heat generated by dry friction in a short period of time is enough to melt the metal, resulting in damage or even seizure of the parts (this is the main reason for the cylinder pulling and axle locking of many leaking or leaking cars). Therefore, the friction parts in the engine must be well lubricated. When the lubricating oil flows to the friction parts, it will adhere to the friction surface to form an oil film, which reduces the resistance between the friction parts. The strength and toughness of the oil film are the key to play its lubricating role. Automobile maintenance network. Secondly, only a small part of the heat generated by the combustion of cooling fuel in the engine is used for power output, friction resistance consumption and driving of auxiliary mechanisms; Most of the remaining heat is not only discharged into the atmosphere with the exhaust gas, but also taken away by the cooling medium in the engine. The excess heat in the engine must be discharged from the engine body, otherwise the engine will burn out due to excessive temperature. On the one hand, this is achieved through the engine cooling system; on the other hand, the lubricating oil absorbs heat from the surfaces of cylinders, pistons, crankshafts and the like. And then take it to the oil pan for heat dissipation. Third, the washing effect When the engine works, it will produce a lot of dirt. Such as dust brought by inhaled air, carbon deposit formed after combustion of mixed gas, colloid produced after oxidation of lubricating oil, metal chips produced by friction between parts and so on. These dirt will adhere to the friction surface of parts, and if not cleaned, it will increase the wear of parts. In addition, a large amount of gum will make the piston ring stick and stick, resulting in abnormal engine operation. Therefore, these pollutants must be cleaned up in time, and this cleaning process is completed by the circulating flow of lubricating oil in the body. Fourthly, there are certain gaps between the cylinder and the piston, the piston ring and the ring groove, and the valve and the valve seat of the sealed engine, which can ensure that the motion pair will not get stuck. However, these gaps will lead to poor cylinder sealing, and the result of air leakage in the combustion chamber is to reduce cylinder pressure and engine output power. The oil film formed by lubricating oil in these gaps ensures the tightness of the cylinder, maintains the cylinder pressure and engine output power, and can prevent exhaust gas from running down into the crankcase. 5. When the anti-rust engine is in operation or storage, the moisture in the atmosphere, lubricating oil and fuel oil and the acid gas generated by combustion will cause corrosion and rust on the parts, thus increasing the damage of the friction surface. The oil film formed by lubricating oil on the surface of machine parts can avoid the direct contact between machine parts and water and acid gas, and prevent corrosion and rust. Six, eliminate the impact load at the end of the compression stroke, the mixture began to burn, and the cylinder pressure rose sharply. At this time, the lubricating oil in the bearing clearance will reduce the impact load on the piston, piston pin, connecting rod, crankshaft and other parts, so that the engine can work smoothly, prevent the direct contact of metals and reduce wear. Summarize (1) antifriction and wear resistance, reduce friction resistance to save energy, reduce wear to prolong mechanical life and improve economic benefits; (2) cooling, requiring friction heat to be discharged from the machine at any time; (3) Sealing, which requires leakproof, dustproof and gas channeling prevention; (4) Corrosion resistance and rust prevention, and it is required to protect the friction surface from oil deterioration or external erosion; (5) Cleaning, which requires cleaning and removing the scale in the friction area; (6) Stress dispersion and buffering, load dispersion, impact mitigation and shock absorption; (7) kinetic energy conversion, hydraulic system, remote control motor and friction stepless speed change, etc.