I, strengthen the cost management of hydropower projects of great significance
Water conservancy and hydropower infrastructure in the development of the national economy occupies a very important position. 1995, China's water conservancy infrastructure investment in more than 20 billion yuan each year, with an average annual growth rate of about 20%. Utilizing the economic benefits of this fund, China's economic construction has a very important significance.
1. Strengthen the cost management of hydropower project is an important basis for the correct decision-making of the project. Construction projects should be carried out before the investment feasibility study, in order to fully justify its technical feasibility and reasonableness. At this stage, the investment estimate is an important basis for economic analysis.
2. Strengthening the cost management of hydropower project is a scientific method of pre-control of project cost. In the feasibility study and preliminary design stage of the project, control the project scale engineering scope, design standards. Optimize the design scheme through technical and economic comparisons and other methods of engineering cost control of the project in advance.
3. Strengthen the cost management of hydropower projects is the basic premise of the project investment scale and macro-control objectives of the preliminary estimates. Preliminary design stage based on the current relevant cost standards, quotas and the preparation of the project investment plan, is the state or the owner to determine the scale of capital investment in general. Preliminary estimates reflect the construction project in the preliminary design stage to prepare the price level year of the average productivity level of the construction market to spend the total cost, including the static total investment amount and dynamic total investment forecast, and the proposed investment in the construction period can not be arbitrarily broken. Accurate preparation of budget estimates, facsimile of the scale of construction investment is easy to control, conducive to the smooth construction of the project; on the contrary, if the total cost of low, in the implementation of the repeated breakthroughs will lead to the scale of the capital construction out of control, and undermine the balance of financial revenues and expenditures.
4. Strengthen the cost management of hydropower projects is a necessary condition for raising construction funds. The current water conservancy project construction investment has formed a diversified pattern. There are mainly financial investment at all levels of government, loan capitalization, the use of foreign capital and other forms. The proportion of various types of investment is closely related to the total amount of investment in the project, if the total investment is inaccurate or disproportionate, it is bound to affect the construction of funds in place, will also affect the operation of the loan repayment period.
5. Strengthen the hydropower project cost management is the implementation of the project bidding a powerful lever. Bidding and tendering is the water conservancy and hydropower project construction management system management of the main content, reasonable project bidding and bidding price is the implementation of the bidding system is a key link. Reasonable bidding for the selection of the best contractor provides an important basis for avoiding blindly asking for prices and competing prices and other unfair competition, so as to protect the legitimate interests of all parties, for the construction of the project is carried out smoothly to lay a good foundation.
6. Strengthen the cost management of hydropower project is the key factor in the implementation of cost control. Scientific cost implementation control method is to distinguish between subjective and objective factors affecting the utilization of funds, calculate and adjust the investment affected by objective factors to avoid the impact of subjective factors. Standardize the contract adjustment and adequate processing methods to promote friendly cooperation between owners and contractors, in favor of the smooth development of the project.
Two, the current hydropower project cost management lagging behind the main factors
1. The field of engineering cost management fully into the market economy operation system is relatively late. Due to the late start of China's information technology, which to a certain extent affects the application of information technology in the project cost management, manifested in the collection of information packages without a unified standard, the lack of timeliness, the information can not be fully and effectively utilized; software development duplication, single-function and low degree of intelligence, the software is independent of each other, can not be **** enjoy; the use of Internet technology is unskilled, there is no unified project cost Management system; a variety of pricing methods co-exist; management mode is not unified, can not realize the whole process of project cost management. The above problems have seriously restricted the pace of development of China's engineering cost management, however, the progress of information technology has brought a historic opportunity to solve these problems. At present, China is actively implementing the bill of quantities pricing mode, in this mode, how to use advanced information technology for construction cost management, is in the exploration and development stage.
2. Engineering pricing method is not scientific enough. At present, our country are used to determine the cost of the project through the budget, that is, according to the fixed amount of direct costs, according to the fee standard calculation of overhead, profit, taxes, and then based on the relevant documents to adjust, supplement, and finally get the cost of the project, and still take this procedure and method. Here the direct cost and indirect cost calculation basis, respectively, is to refer to the fixed fee standard. Quotas include both physical and material labor consumption in the production process, but also includes the unit price corresponding to the consumption indicators, is a "quantity and price" of the quota; fee standards are based on the qualification level of construction enterprises determined by the state. With the gradual establishment and development of the socialist market economy, the current budget quotas in the "volume" and "price" are not separated, forming a "live market" and "dead unit price". "dead unit price" contradiction, can not be in the market, real, timely and accurately reflect the cost of construction products. In today's market economy, price fluctuations are inevitable, even if the same material in the same period, different origins, different quality, the price difference of several times or even dozens of times.
3. The supervision process of project cost management is not perfect. The current construction market transactions in the unfair competition is still very serious, not according to the law, blindly low cost, compressed schedule, not according to the quality of price, advances in construction, delinquent construction phenomenon is quite common, resulting in the construction of many construction projects poor quality, long duration, over-budget, low efficiency, waste, and other phenomena, and even party A, party B, the consulting intermediary agencies, three-party collusion, intentional increase in construction costs, to profit, the consequences are very bad. The consequences are very bad. Designers artificially change the design, raise the standard of the situation can be seen from time to time; and due to the lack of precision, depth, and wait until the construction of frequent changes in the design is also not uncommon; investors only want to low bidding, but often ignored the qualification of the bidding construction unit or material suppliers, resulting in the emergence of subcontracting behavior, the contractors tend to take a "low bid, claim profit! Contractors often take the "low bid, claim profit" way to undertake the project, relying on contract loopholes and poor monitoring to "make money", resulting in a passive situation of project cost management.
4. Project cost management system is not sound enough. In terms of engineering quotas, according to the main unit and management authority is divided into: the national unified quota, industry unified quota, regional unified quota, enterprise quota, supplementary quota, etc., the regional provincial quota is issued by the provincial quota station to prepare the province's unified implementation of government investment in municipal projects and municipal quota issued by the government, due to the requirements of the two departments and mastery of the scale of the different in the process of implementation of the often contradictory, resulting in the use of quotas. Quota using units at a loss, the competent authorities are difficult to arbitrate.
Three, strengthen the path of hydropower project cost management
The many problems in the project cost management can be improved with the help of information technology, and can provide a platform for the field of project cost management of leapfrog development. In order to better carry out scientific and effective management of engineering cost work, it is necessary to strengthen the following aspects of work:
1. To strengthen the cost management of hydropower projects, it is necessary to improve the engineering cost management system. First, we must establish a unified project cost management organization and strengthen the management function of the project cost management department. Strengthen the macro-control ability, improve the system and methods of project cost management; accelerate the construction of regulations, standardize the construction market, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of market players. Secondly, it is necessary to rationalize the relationship between various engineering cost management authorities and establish a regular coordination and contact system for each department, so that the standards and indexes of engineering cost management can be better articulated and matched. Gradually transition from government organization management to industry association management, encourage the establishment of professional engineering cost consulting intermediary institutions, state departments of government and non-government investment in separate management.
2. Strengthen the hydropower project cost management, must establish a national unified project cost information network. At present, many regions in China have set up local project costing information websites, which are generally divided into project classification, material classification, material coding as well as indexes and prices according to local customs, and there are numerous inconveniences for users in the whole country. From the perspective of development, according to the division of engineering categories, unified information collection standard, unified information coding, unified interface content, unified database solutions, the establishment of a national unified engineering cost information network is the inevitable product of the application of information technology in the field of engineering cost management, but also the cost workers are looking forward to. The website should provide project costing information all over the country, including building materials price information, costing index, industry dynamics and documents and regulations, and so on. It is not only conducive to the user query, analysis and decision-making, more conducive to the national authorities to implement unified management and coordination, so that the project cost management unification, scale and order.
3. Strengthen the hydropower project cost management, must create the project cost network market operation platform. The use of information technology to establish engineering cost network market operation platform, the establishment of a virtual building materials market on the Internet, network management, open up online ordering and other e-commerce applications. From a worldwide perspective, to promote the construction industry management network, automation, electronic and the whole and information **** enjoy has been the general trend, built on the basis of modern communication networks, video conferencing network will become an important part of the construction industry informatization, and get the attention of the units, and thus the realization of the network bidding work has also become an inevitable trend. In this operation platform, can be implemented in accordance with such procedures: the release of tender notices, bidding units online registration, pre-qualification of bidding units, the random selection of experts jury, online submission of bids, online bid opening, bid evaluation, finalization, contract management. This not only does a good job of bidding, but also increase the management of justice, fairness, transparency, more conducive to the healthy development of the field of construction cost management.
4. Strengthen the hydropower project cost management, must improve the project cost management network system. The function of project cost management network system can not be limited to the use of cost software, set quota, do budget, should also develop the background of the various types of letter packages for statistics, analysis and preliminary processing functions; management terminal database should have the whole while organizing, comprehensive processing functions; foreground should be connected to the Internet using wed servers, routers, and be able to publish various types of information in different categories. That is to say, the project cost information network system is to realize the automation of the whole process of building products from planning and design, construction management to operation for the purpose, and the project cost management is as a complete management system throughout the process of building products at all levels. The establishment of engineering cost management network system should follow the principles of unification, standardization, networking and intelligence. Due to the professionalism and strong policy, the project cost management network system should be set up by the state to establish a special organization, led by its lead, with the full cooperation of all relevant departments **** with the development. Unified development of the system, maintenance, information updating, the development of network charter, to break the department and local boundaries, mutual support, scientific division of labor, reduce duplication, give full play to the overall advantage of the establishment of a sound network of service institutions.
5. Strengthen the cost management of hydropower projects, must optimize and integrate the cost and its management software. Optimization and integration of cost and its management software is the key to the application of information technology in engineering cost management. Its organization and implementation must be organized by the state line, ministries, provinces and cities of the project cost managers and computer professionals *** with the professional group, summary of the current development of a variety of project cost management software, analysis of their strengths and weaknesses, the application of the more advanced and more general software development system, the provisions of the software applicable environment. In this regard, we should do the following aspects of the article: First, adhere to the current bill of quantities pricing mode of software development. Second, led by the project cost management department, the various types of software (including pure management software, cost management software and other supporting software) development company for the combination of resources, unified arrangements. Third, according to the unified information number categories, levels of valuation, management, network operation design and development. Fourth, the development of a good combination of categories and levels of software, repeated demonstration, and finally launched a unified national network version of the cost management software, and regularly updated.
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