Overall layout:
In the construction drawing documents, the expression depth of the general plane is quite different, and most projects only achieve the plane positioning map, which does not meet the relevant requirements of the Provisions on the Depth of Compilation of Architectural Engineering Design Documents. The main problems are as follows:
1. The general plan should have a certain range. It is not enough to use the land only. There should be planned roads, buildings and structures near the site, and most of the construction drawings only have floor plans within the land.
2. Maintain the original topography and landforms. Site survey coordinate network and survey elevation, including the survey coordinates (or positioning dimensions) of the four neighbors of the site, are often not reserved in the general plane design of some projects.
3. Vertical design. Often only the measured elevation value of the relative site with the architectural design elevation of 0.000 is marked, and some only mark the indoor and outdoor elevation difference. The results are as follows:
(1) The vertical design elevation is inconsistent with the control elevation of the planning department.
(2) The elevation of urban roads inside and outside the site is not connected and unreasonable.
(3) The elevation of the site and its roads is not conducive to drainage.
(4) There is no design elevation of roads in the site, especially at the junction and entrance of buildings, no key elevation of road slope length, slope direction, slope and ground, and no design section of pavement.
4. Without earthwork balance design and blind vertical design, it will often bring unnecessary excavation or filling, increase costs and cause economic losses.
5. There is no need for detailed design in the general layout design, such as road cross section, pavement structure, cross-sectional drawing reflecting the size relationship between the top, bottom, left and right of the pipeline, retaining wall, slope protection drainage ditch, square, activity venue, parking lot, flower bed green space and other detailed drawings. The site drainage and the relationship between the roads in the site and the urban roads cannot guarantee the rationality of the general plan.
6. The width of the fire lane does not meet the fire protection requirements, and the distance between the fire lane and the external wall of the high-rise building is less than 5m, which does not meet the requirements of the fire climbing surface (15mx8m climbing hard ground area, 5m to 10m from the external wall of the building, and the site gradient should not be greater than 3%).
Second, the architectural design:
1. Decoration practice: Only written description, material practice sheet and interior decoration practice sheet can be fully expressed clearly.
2. Door and window table: For combined windows and non-standard windows, elevation drawings shall be drawn, and the selection of splicing parts and fixing parts, the size of window sash, the opening mode and other contents shall be clearly marked. If the combined window area is too large, please indicate that it must be designed by a qualified door and window manufacturer. The technical requirements for the performance of doors and windows, such as fire prevention, sound insulation, wind pressure resistance, heat preservation, air infiltration and rainwater infiltration, shall be explained. For example, 1-6 floors and floors 7 and above have different requirements for air tightness of doors and windows (1-6 floors are Grade 3, and floors 7 and above are Grade 4).
3. Description of fire protection design: According to the requirements of "Provisions on the Compilation Depth of Design Documents of Building Engineering" (2008), the fire protection zoning area and zoning location schematic diagram should be marked on the building plane of each floor, and it is appropriate to draw the diagram separately. If it is a fire zone, the area of the fire zone can be omitted.
4. Description of energy-saving design (residential building) for "hot summer and cold winter area":
① External windows, especially the east and west windows, lack thermal insulation measures.
(2) The concepts of the main part value and average value of thermal conductivity are unclear, and the K value of the main part of the building is taken as the average K value.
(3) Lack of energy-saving design calculation and energy-saving design review documents, resulting in uneconomical energy-saving design.
(4) External wall thermal insulation practices have no fire prevention structural measures. In the "Suzhou Civil Building Energy Conservation Management Measures" (draft for comment), there are provisions that if the design unit fails to set fire prevention structural measures during design, the design unit shall be fined up to 20,000 yuan.
⑤ The independent office part attached to one side of the industrial plant should also be designed for energy saving.
5. Curtain wall engineering (including glass curtain wall, metal curtain wall, stone curtain wall, etc.). ) and special roof engineering and other special structures, design, manufacture, installation and other technical requirements are not explained.
6. Lack of elevator (escalator) selection and related performance description, including (function, load, speed, number of stops, lifting height, minimum floor spacing and pit depth).
7. The reserved holes in the wall and floor, and the sealing method of the ground of the pipeline well are not specified.
8. The waterproof grade of the roof is not specified or the specific measures of the roof do not meet the requirements of the corresponding waterproof grade. The common problems are: taking the concrete structural layer of the roof as waterproof fortification, the thickness of the coiled material does not meet the requirements of the corresponding waterproof grade, and the inverted roof is not made.
9. With regard to civil buildings, there is no limit of harmful substances in building materials. This point has been clearly stipulated in the document "Several Opinions on Strengthening Indoor Environmental Quality Management of Building Engineering" (JZQ (2002) 17) and the Code for Indoor Environmental Pollution Control of Civil Building Engineering (GB50325-200 1), which should be explained.
Third, the building plan:
1. There is no compass in the upper right corner of the diagram; The apron slope is not shown.
2. The cutting position of the section on the bottom plan is not marked;
3. The overall dimensions of out-of-plane contours are not indicated;
4. Lack of standard wall bucket or column net detail size;
5. The thickness of the upper wall of load-bearing wall and non-load-bearing wall is not marked;
6. Lack of location, size and detailed indicators of deformation joints;
7. The name of the facade and room is not marked; According to the requirements of "Regulations on the Depth of Architectural Engineering Design Documents" (2008), the usable area of each room and balcony area should be marked in the residential plan.
8. The ground expansion joints are not marked;
9. The maximum allowable design live load on the ground is not marked. If there is a basement, the ground floor should be clearly marked, especially the temporary load when equipment needs to be installed.
10. There is no index of the locations of major building equipment and fixed furniture and related practices, such as the locations of bathroom appliances, rainwater pipes, pools, cabinets, washing machines, etc. The location of the washing machine must be marked on the shell and there must be a special floor drain.
1 1. The numbers and indexes of elevators and stairs are missing, and the stairs are not marked with up and down directions.
12. Atrium, skylight, trench, important equipment foundation, inter-column support, equipment platform, mezzanine, manhole, balcony, awning, steps, ramp, apron, open trench and other main structures and building structural components are short of position and dimension labeling and practice index;
13. The location, size and practice index of reserved holes in the ground, ventilation pipes, pipe shafts, flues and garbage passages of the whole building, and the location, size and elevation of reserved holes in wall air conditioners are not indicated or expressed;
14. Outdoor elevation, floor elevation and roof elevation are not marked;
15. The standard garage lacks parking spaces and access routes;
16. Detailed reference numbers and corresponding elevations of parapet, cornice, gutter, slope, slope direction, rain outlet, roof (watershed) deformation joint, stairwell water tank room, elevator room, roof manhole and maintenance ladder. Missing or incomplete expression on the roof plan;
17. The details of local enlarged drawings of local complex parts are missing.
Four, building elevation:
1. The elevation is inconsistent with the plane, and there is no axis number at both ends. In addition to the name of the drawing, the scale should also be indicated.
2. In the elevation, the external dimensions, main structure and building structure are not marked, such as parapet roof, cornice, chimney, awning, balcony, railing, air conditioning partition, steps, ramps, flower beds, treads, doors and windows, curtain walls, holes, rainwater risers, painted grid lines, etc. And key control elevations should be clearly marked. Elevation and height that can't be clearly expressed in the plan and section should be clearly marked in the elevation, but most elevation drawings only have the elevation indicating the height.
3. The position and size of windows or doors that are not clearly shown on the floor plan should also be marked on the elevation, but they are often not displayed.
4. The names and colors of decorative materials on the facade are not fully marked, especially the complex details such as the bottom steps, awnings and windows are not marked, and there is no structural index.
V. General situation of the building:
1. The profile position is not selected in the representative position with different floors and complicated internal and external space. Local complex building space, plane and elevation are not clearly expressed, and local section map is not drawn.
2. The serial numbers and corresponding dimensions of walls, columns and axes are omitted in the section, especially in the factory building, the dimensional relationship among walls, columns and axes is not clearly marked.
3. The visible contents of outdoor ground, pit, trench, mezzanine, ceiling, roof truss, lintel, skylight, parapet, steps, ramp, apron, main decorative components and other main structures and building structures are not fully expressed.
4. The elevation dimensions are incomplete, generally only the external dimensions and elevation are marked, and the internal dimensions, such as the depth of trench, partition, inner window, inner hole, platform and ceiling, are not clearly expressed.
5. Some details of node structure are difficult to express clearly in plan and elevation, but those that should be expressed in section are not marked.
6. Safety and fire resistance of components:
(a) the stairs
1. The stair tread series violates the regulations (no more than 18 steps, no less than 3 steps), and the clear height of the bench platform (dimension under the beam) does not meet the requirement of ≥ 2.0m (paint layer thickness should be considered), and the clear height of the bench does not meet the requirement of ≥ 2.2m (paint layer thickness should be considered). The clear width of the stair platform does not meet the requirement that the stair tread width is not less than1.20m (calculated from the center line of the handrail at the corner). ..
2. For buildings used by children, when the stairwell is more than 0.2m, no safety protection measures are set. Residential buildings, conservation buildings, primary and secondary schools, children's special activity places, cultural and entertainment buildings, commercial service buildings, sports buildings, garden landscapes, etc. Children are allowed to enter the activity place, and the distance between vertical poles of stairs is greater than 0. 1 1 m, which does not meet the requirements of the specification.
3. As an outdoor auxiliary staircase for evacuation stairs, opening doors and windows on the wall within 2 meters around the staircase does not meet the requirements of the fire protection code.
4. On the inner wall of the front room of the closed stairwell and the smoke-proof stairwell, general glued door panels are used to open other doors or the doors of the closed stairwell. Class B fire doors or two-way spring doors are not used (for multi-storey D&E workshops and multi-storey residential buildings).
5. The stairwell on the first floor of the building that needs to be closed, including the walkway and lobby, forms an enlarged closed stairwell, but it is not separated from other walkways and rooms by fire prevention measures such as Class B fire doors.
6. Measures for children to climb without guardrails.
7. Evacuation doors usually use shutter doors or automatic doors, rather than horizontal doors that open in the direction of evacuation.
8. When there are no stairs to reach the roof, there is no manhole or external wall ladder on the roof (it can be set when the building is less than 10m).
(2) Elevator design
1. The structure of the fire elevator does not meet the specification requirements, especially the fire elevator shaft is separated from other adjacent non-fire elevator shafts by an unused wall with a fire resistance limit of not less than 2.00h (there are at most two fire elevators in the fire elevator shaft); The fire elevator room is not separated from other adjacent elevators by a partition wall with a fire resistance limit of not less than 2.00 h. When the partition wall opens the door, the Class A fire door is not opened as required. In addition, it is also common that the fire hydrant is not set in the front room of the fire elevator as required.
2. Drainage facilities should be set at the bottom of the fire elevator, and water retaining facilities should be set at the front door of the fire elevator, but drainage facilities and water storage space are often not designed.
(3) Building components and accessories
1. When the firewall in the building is set near the corner, the horizontal distance between the nearest edge of the door and the openings on both sides of the inner corner does not meet the requirement of ≥4.00 meters, and corresponding fire prevention measures are not taken; The horizontal distance of doors and windows near both sides of the firewall does not meet the requirement of ≥ 2 meters, and corresponding fire prevention measures have not been taken.
2. When the inspection door is set on the vertical pipeline shaft and the shaft wall such as cable shaft, pipeline shaft, smoke exhaust duct, exhaust duct and garbage duct. , set independently, and the inspection door does not use Class C fire door.
3. Safety protection (including height, anti-climbing, anti-falling and vertical pole spacing, etc. ) balcony, veranda, indoor cloister, owner's roof, outdoor stairs, etc. , often fail to meet the requirements of the specification (General Principles for Design of Civil Buildings and Urban Roads and Barrier-free) (the height of protective railings should be calculated from the treadable surface).
4. Toilets that do not directly open windows need to be equipped with exhaust pipes and air inlets, which are often lacking in design (residential).
(4) Barrier-free design of buildings:
Barrier-free design provides for public buildings (office and scientific research buildings; Commercial service building; Cultural and memorial buildings; Performance and sports buildings; Traffic medical building; Schools, landscape architecture) and residential buildings (high-rise, middle-rise residential buildings and apartment buildings, dormitories, etc.). ) and the barrier-free design scope they need to design, there are many problems in various construction drawings. The independent office part attached to one side of the factory building should also be barrier-free.
Owners often think that there are no disabled people in our unit, so barrier-free design is not needed. Some designers blindly accommodate the owners without barrier-free design, and some only design the ramp at the entrance, leaving out barrier-free toilets and elevators. To solve this problem, designers and all members need to raise awareness and attach importance to barrier-free design. The contents of barrier-free design must be clearly stated in the general description of the building, so as to reflect the care and humanized design of the society for the disabled.
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