there are omens before the earthquake. Now we know that this omen is: the groundwater becomes muddy, flowers turn over, bubbles and tastes bad; Chickens, ducks, pigs and sheep run around screaming; The mouse fled and the fish jumped about on the water. This situation indicates that the earth's crust will bend, fold and fracture, and an earthquake will occur. At present, it is difficult for any country in the world to accurately predict earthquakes, and China's earthquake prediction can be said to be in the leading position in the world. Most earthquake predictions can indicate that earthquakes may occur in a certain area within a certain period of time. In 1976, before the Tangshan earthquake, there was an earthquake of magnitude 6 or above in Haicheng, Liaoning Province. Before the earthquake, the government repeatedly urged all indoor people to be placed in earthquake sheds and repeatedly preached about the earthquake. As a result, the number of casualties was reduced to a minimum. Therefore, the key to prevent earthquakes lies in timely prediction, adequate preparation and mastering the knowledge of rescue during earthquakes.
second, make a family earthquake prevention plan.
once an earthquake happens, our power supply, water supply, heating system, transportation system, daily necessities supply system, information system and medical and health system may be damaged to some extent, which will affect people's normal life. therefore, we should make a family earthquake prevention plan.
First of all, it is necessary to eliminate the hanging objects in the high places indoors, the items placed vertically on cabinets and wooden frames, and change their placement positions and ways so that they are not easy to fall down and hurt people. At the same time, all inflammable and explosive articles should be removed. The bed should be moved away from the glass window. Stick a shatterproof adhesive tape on the window. Shockproof equipment should be packed in a place where it is easy to grab. In order to get out of danger, you may only have time to grab an item, and all the urgent items are in it, which will help you tide over the difficulties. These items include cash, drinking water, medicines to prevent influenza and dysentery.
Third, schools should make good preparations before the earthquake.
The knowledge of earthquake prevention should be popularized in primary and secondary schools, and schools in earthquake-stricken areas should have a plan for earthquake prevention training. If there is an earthquake in class, teachers should immediately give students a simple and clear instruction to close their eyes and crouch under their desks. When an earthquake is likely to occur in a certain period of time in an area. Families and schools should communicate frequently. Schools with conditions in the earthquake zone should prepare disaster relief items, such as first-aid medical supplies, cold-proof and rain-proof supplies, tools, etc., and distribute them according to classes or classrooms until they reach individuals.
how can we protect ourselves if there is an earthquake?
once an earthquake happens, if you are outside, don't get close to any tall buildings or trees that may collapse, such as buildings, chimneys, telephone poles, etc. It is safer to leave bridges and interchanges and go to open fields. Although the earthquake is a natural disaster that causes casualties, it is not inevitable. If we can grasp the opportunity and use the knowledge of earthquake prevention, we can protect ourselves, such as observing the abnormal restlessness of birds and animals before the earthquake; Squatting under the table during an earthquake can reduce the damage caused by the earthquake. It can be seen that it is very important to learn earthquake knowledge.
Strong earthquakes often cause houses to collapse, levees to burst and the earth to crack, which brings losses to people's lives and property. In order to protect yourself in the event of an earthquake, you should master the following emergency survival methods.
1. If an earthquake suddenly occurs in a bungalow, you should quickly get under the bed and table, and cover your head with bedding, pillows, washbasins, etc., and then leave the house as soon as possible after the earthquake and move to a safe place. If the house collapses during an earthquake, you should stay under the bed or table and never move. Wait until the earthquake stops before you escape or wait for rescue.
2. If you live in a building and there is an earthquake, don't try to run out of the building, because time is too late. The safest and most effective way is to hide in the smallest room between two load-bearing walls in time, such as toilet and kitchen. You can also hide under tables, cabinets and other furniture and in the corner inside the room, and pay attention to protect your head. Never go to the balcony or under the window to hide.
3. If there is an earthquake during class, don't panic, let alone run around in the classroom or fight for going out. Students near the door can quickly run outside, and students in the middle and back row can hide under the desks as soon as possible and cover their heads with schoolbags; Students who lean against the wall should stick to the root of the wall and protect their heads with their hands.
4. if you have left the room, don't go back to the room to get things as soon as the earthquake stops. Because after the first earthquake, there will be aftershocks, which will pose a greater threat to people.
5. If there is an earthquake in a public place, don't panic and run around. You can improvise and hide in a safe place nearby, such as under the desk and cabinet, under the stage and in the orchestra pit.
6. If you are in the street, you must never run into the building to avoid danger. Don't stay under tall buildings, billboards, narrow hutongs, bridges and other dangerous places.
7. If you are buried in a building after the earthquake, you should first try to remove the objects pressed above your abdomen; Cover your nose and mouth with towels and clothes to prevent smoke suffocation; Pay attention to preserving physical strength, try to find food and water, create living conditions and wait for rescue.
1. Don't worry when there is a big earthquake. Destructive earthquake takes only 12 seconds on average from the time people feel vibration to the time the building is destroyed. In this short time, you should make a quick choice to ensure safety according to your environment. If you live in a bungalow, you can run to the door quickly. If you live in a building, don't jump off the building. You should immediately cut off the switch and gas, temporarily take refuge in a small-span place such as a bathroom, or under a table or bed, and evacuate quickly after the earthquake to prevent strong aftershocks.
second, find a hiding place first when there are many people. Schools, shops, theaters and other places where people gather should avoid panic if they encounter an earthquake. They should immediately hide under desks, chairs or solid objects and evacuate in an orderly manner after the earthquake.
third, stay away from the danger zone. If you encounter an earthquake in the street, cover your head with your hands, and quickly stay away from the building and go to the street center. If you encounter an earthquake in the suburbs, you should pay attention to stay away from cliffs, steep slopes, river banks and high-voltage lines. Cars and trains that are moving should stop immediately.
Fourth, you should conserve your physical strength when you are buried. If you are unfortunately buried under the rubble after the earthquake, try to stay calm and try to save yourself. When you can't escape from danger, you should save your strength, try your best to find water and food, create living conditions, and wait patiently for help.
5. Keep your mobile phone and enough batteries at your side for backup.
principles of emergency protection in earthquake
it is a better method of emergency protection to avoid nearby during earthquake and evacuate to a safe place quickly after earthquake. The so-called nearby avoidance means to make different countermeasures according to different conditions.
how do school staff prevent earthquakes?
In schools, what is most needed in an earthquake is the calmness and decisiveness of school leaders and teachers. In areas with medium and long-term earthquake prediction, students should be told about earthquakes, prevention and shock absorption knowledge in combination with teaching activities. Before the earthquake, we should arrange the route and venue for students' transfer and evacuation; After the earthquake, calmly direct the students to evacuate in an orderly manner. In a relatively solid and safe house, students who can hide under desks, beside the podium and in the teaching building can go to a small room supported by pipes, and students must not run around or jump off buildings.
how to prevent shock when walking in the street during an earthquake?
When an earthquake occurs, the glass fragments of high-rise buildings and concrete fragments outside the building, as well as advertising signs, tinplates, neon red light frames, etc., may fall and hurt people. Therefore, when walking in the street, it is best to put your purse or soft articles on your head, and when there is nothing, you can also put your hand on your head. Make preparations for self-defense as much as possible. To be calm, you should quickly leave the telephone poles and fences and run to a relatively open area to hide.
how do workshop workers prevent earthquakes?
Workshop workers can hide under cars, machine tools and tall equipment, and do not panic and run around. Workers in special posts should first close the valves of flammable, explosive and toxic gases, reduce the temperature and pressure of high-temperature and high-pressure pipelines in time, and turn off the operating equipment. Most people can leave the work site, and a few people can stay at the site to monitor the danger at any time under the premise of safety protection, and deal with possible accidents in time to prevent secondary disasters.
how should the running vehicles respond to an earthquake?
(1) The driver should slow down as soon as possible and brake gradually;
(2) Passengers (especially on the train) should firmly grasp the handle, post or seat with their hands, and pay attention to prevent luggage from falling off the rack and hurting people. People facing the driving direction should lean their arms on the seat cushion in front of them, protect their faces, lean toward the passage, and protect their heads with both hands; People with their backs to the driving direction should protect the back of the brain with both hands, and lift their knees to protect their abdomen, tighten their bodies and make a good defensive posture.
how to respond to an earthquake in a building?
once an earthquake happens, it is extremely important to keep a clear and calm mind, judge the vibration situation in time, and never jump off a building in a panic. Secondly, you can hide under solid furniture, or in the corner, or you can move to kitchens and toilets with more load-bearing walls and small rooms for temporary shelter. Because these places have strong binding force, especially the pipeline has good supporting force and large seismic coefficient after treatment. In short, according to the building layout and indoor conditions, we can assess the situation, find safe spaces and passages to avoid and reduce casualties.
how to respond to an earthquake in a store?
When encountering an earthquake in a department store, keep calm. Due to the panic of personnel and the falling of commodities, the refuge passage may be blocked. At this point, you should hide near big pillars and big commodities (avoid commodity display cabinets), or hide in an unobstructed passage, then bend down and wait for the earthquake to subside. In the upstairs position, in principle, it is better to transfer to the bottom. However, stairs are often the weak parts of buildings in earthquake resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to look at the right time to escape from danger. The waiter should organize the masses to avoid nearby and evacuate safely after the earthquake.
save yourself after the earthquake
If you are buried under the rubble during the earthquake, it is dark and there is only a very small space around you. You must not panic, be calm, and build up your confidence in survival. I believe that someone will come to save you and do everything possible to protect yourself.
After the earthquake, there are often many aftershocks, and the situation may continue to deteriorate. In order to avoid new injuries, we should try our best to improve our environment. At this time, if you have an emergency bag with you, it will play a great role in getting out of danger.
In this extremely unfavorable environment, first of all, it is necessary to protect the smooth breathing, remove the sundries on the head and chest, and cover your mouth and nose with wet clothes when you smell gas and poisonous gas. Avoid weak collapsed objects above the body and other objects that are easy to fall; Expand and stabilize the living space, and support the ruins with bricks and sticks to prevent the environment from further deterioration after aftershocks.
try to get out of danger. If you can't find a way out of danger, try to save your physical strength, knock on objects that can make noise with stones and send out distress signals. Don't cry, be impatient and act blindly, which will consume a lot of energy and physical strength. Try to control your emotions or close your eyes and wait for rescuers to arrive. If you are injured, try to dress it to avoid excessive bleeding.
sustain life. If you have been buried under the rubble for a long time, rescuers have not arrived, or you have not heard the distress signal, you must find ways to maintain your life. The water and food in the earthquake-proof bag must be saved, and you should try to find food and drinking water. If necessary, your urine can also quench your thirst.
mutual rescue after the earthquake
After the earthquake, it is impossible for the external disaster relief team to rush to the disaster relief site immediately. In this case, in order to make more people buried under the rubble gain precious lives, the people in the disaster area actively participate in mutual rescue, which is the most timely and effective way to reduce casualties, and also embodies the lofty virtue of "saving people from danger".
timely rescue time, the greater the hope of being rescued. According to relevant data, the survival rate of people rescued in 2 minutes after the earthquake is over 98%, and the survival rate of people rescued in one hour after the earthquake is reduced to 63%. Among those who cannot be rescued in two hours after the earthquake, the number of deaths due to suffocation accounts for 58%. They were not killed by the collapse of buildings in the earthquake, but died of ventricular arrest. If they can be rescued in time, they can completely gain life. Hundreds of thousands of people were buried in the ruins in the Tangshan earthquake, and most of the buried people regained their lives through self-help and mutual rescue. The mutual rescue action involving the people in the disaster area has played an irreplaceable role in the whole earthquake relief.
save people quickly after the earthquake
save people after the earthquake, and strive for the principle of fast time, accurate goals, appropriate methods and growing mutual rescue teams. The specific approach is: first save the nearby, whether it is family, neighbors or strangers, and don't go far from the near; Save those who are easy to save first, so that the mutual rescue team can be rapidly expanded; Saving young adults and medical staff first can make them play a full role in disaster relief; Save "life" first, then "people". In the Tangshan earthquake, a rural woman only exposed her head to avoid suffocation, and then went to save another person, saving dozens of people in a short time.
rescue methods
effective rescue methods should be adopted according to the actual situation of post-earthquake environment and conditions, with the aim of safely rescuing the buried personnel from the ruins.
After knowing and searching, it is determined that there are people buried in the ruins, then the buried position is determined, and rescue signals are transmitted by shouting or knocking at the ruins.
during the rescue, special attention should be paid to the safety of buried personnel. First, the tools used (such as iron bars, hoes, sticks, etc.) should not hurt the buried personnel; Second, don't destroy the supporting conditions around the space where the buried personnel are located, cause new collapse, and make the buried personnel in distress again; Third, we should communicate with the closed space of buried personnel as soon as possible to make fresh air flow to people, and if the dust is too heavy during excavation, we should spray water to reduce dust to avoid suffocation of buried personnel; Fourth, burying for a long time is difficult to rescue for a while, so we can try to deliver drinking water, food and medicine to the buried person to maintain his life.
Before the rescue operation, we should plan and step by step, and consider where to dig, where not to dig, where to use hoes and where to use sticks.
In the past, rescuers acted blindly, stepping on the roof of the buried person's head and killing the buried person. Therefore, scientific analysis and action are needed in the rescue process to get good rescue effect, and blind action will often cause new harm to the rescued object.
Rescue and nursing
First, expose the head of the buried person from the ruins, and remove the dust in the nose and mouth, so as to ensure the smooth breathing. For those who are seriously injured and cannot leave the buried place by themselves, they should try to carefully remove the buried objects on their bodies and around them, and then lift the buried person out of the waste, and do not pull hard.
For those who are hungry, injured and suffocated, and have been buried for a long time, after being rescued, they should cover their eyes with dark cloth to avoid strong light stimulation. For the injured, they should be bandaged or sent to a medical point for rescue treatment according to the severity of the injury.
key points of shock absorption
whether to run or hide during an earthquake, most experts in China believe that it is a better way to avoid the earthquake and evacuate to a safe place quickly after the earthquake. For shock absorption, you should choose a place that is strong indoors, under (beside) objects that can cover your body, and is easy to form a triangular space, a small and supported place, and an open and safe place in the room.
Body posture:
Lie down to be determined, squat or sit down, curl up as much as possible and lower the center of gravity.
grab a solid object such as a table leg.
protect your head, neck and eyes, and cover them.