At a recent solar power generation seminar held by the National Energy Experts Advisory Committee (referred to as the Energy Experts Committee), dozens of participating experts generally believed that under the general trend of the global low-carbon economy and new energy revolution , photovoltaics are most likely to become the dominant energy source with the largest share in our country in the future. "But for now, my country's solar power generation industry still has obstacles to development in many aspects such as policy, technology and market." Wang Siqiang, deputy director of the Comprehensive Department of the National Energy Administration and secretary-general of the National Energy Expert Advisory Committee, said, "Break the barriers to development. Bottleneck, the solar power generation industry will have the brightest prospect. " From "photovoltaic" to "photothermal" solar power generation has suddenly emerged. Solar power generation includes photovoltaic power generation and photothermal power generation. According to experts, in recent years, photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal power generation have received unprecedented attention in our country, and solar power generation is becoming a new force in my country's renewable energy. When talking about the development status of China's photovoltaic power generation industry, Wang Junchao, a specially invited expert from the Energy Expert Committee and deputy director of the 48th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, said: "China's photovoltaic industry has now formed a large-scale industrial chain." Wang Junchao For example, China's industrial silicon production ranks first in the world; the kiloton-level technology for high-purity silicon production has been basically mastered; the scale of silicon wafer processing and production has reached world-class levels; the production capacity and output of cells and components rank first in the world; silicon The price reduction of materials has greatly reduced the cost of photovoltaic power generation, and China's photovoltaic power station technology has gradually matured. Analyzing the development trend of the domestic photovoltaic industry, Wang Junchao believes that on the one hand, with the improvement of the overall technical level of my country's photovoltaic industry and the rapid expansion of the photovoltaic equipment manufacturing industry, the investment costs of China's photovoltaic power generation development enterprises will be greatly reduced; on the other hand, with the As competition in the international market intensifies, foreign-funded photovoltaic companies have quietly entered the Chinese market, and my country has become the world's largest photovoltaic equipment market. From this point of view, our country is about to usher in the golden age of photovoltaic power generation industry. "my country's solar thermal power generation industry is also developing very rapidly." Wang Zhifeng, a specially invited expert from the Energy Experts Committee, leader of the National 973 Project Expert Group, and director of the Key Laboratory of Solar Thermal Utilization and Photovoltaic Systems of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told reporters. According to Wang Zhifeng, during the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, scientific research institutions such as the Institute of Electrical Engineering and the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, as well as enterprises such as Huangming Solar Energy Group Company, Xinjiang New Energy Company, and Nanjing Chunhui Technology Industrial Co., Ltd., have begun photothermal research. Project research on power generation technology. He said: "During this period, Chinese scientists have conducted research on dish power generation systems, tower power generation systems and trough type concentrator units, and have mastered a number of core technologies for solar thermal power generation, such as high reflectivity and high precision reflectors. , high-precision dual-axis tracking control system, heat transfer under high heat flow density, solar thermoelectric conversion, etc.” Since the beginning of the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan”, as the country attaches great importance to renewable energy, solar thermal power generation has received great attention from government departments. strong support. Wang Zhifeng told the Economic Information Daily reporter that the state’s investment in the research and development of photothermal power generation technology continues to increase. From 2006 to 2010, the Ministry of Science and Technology alone invested more than 47.5 million yuan in photovoltaic power generation, and photovoltaic power generation has made breakthrough progress in many key technical fields. According to reports, Chinese scientists have mastered a number of key technologies for solar thermal power generation. For example, wind-resistant high-precision heliostat technology, high-temperature tower heat absorber technology, high-temperature heat storage technology, power station control technology, tower power generation system design and integration technology, trough vacuum tube manufacturing technology and trough concentrator integration Technology and so on. "As far as solar thermal power generation is concerned, my country has now formed an industrial chain integrating basic materials, host equipment and system design." Wang Zhifeng said proudly that since 2007, my country has held the "Solar Thermal Power Generation Technology" for three consecutive years. Sanya International Forum", which has become one of the most important solar thermal power generation conferences in the world. The world's three largest solar thermal power companies, the International Energy Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy all began to send representatives to attend the meeting. Only by clearing the "clouds" can we see the "sun". Solar power generation still faces many challenges. "As a country with large solar energy resources in the world, my country's solar power generation will undoubtedly become the most eye-catching sunshine industry." Energy Expert Committee expert and deputy director of the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Director Xu Honghua said, “However, we must realize that just as there is ‘sunshine’ there is ‘shadow’, China’s solar energy industry still faces many challenges in its development.
" Talking about the problems existing in the development of my country's solar power industry, Xu Honghua gave examples: For example, there is a lack of clear development plans for the photovoltaic and photothermal industries; an industry public research and testing certification platform has not yet been established; the entire industry chain of solar cells, photovoltaics The technical level of complete sets of power generation system equipment and application products needs to be improved and improved; the approval procedures and electricity price approval procedures for photovoltaic power generation are unclear, and there is great resistance in grid connection and large-scale promotion; technical standards and management procedures are imperfect, especially In view of the safety issues, power quality and management issues that the power sector is concerned about, corresponding technical standards and management regulations need to be introduced as soon as possible; there are also post-maintenance and management issues of independent photovoltaic power stations, the lag in the construction of professional and technical talent teams, etc. “Although my country has made some new progress in many fields of solar power generation technology, its weak independent innovation capability is still the biggest bottleneck restricting the rapid development of the industry. "Xu Honghua said, "Our scientific research investment and technology accumulation are insufficient, and we have not yet established an industrial support system for sustainable development from basic research, key technologies, equipment to industrialization. There is still a big gap between my country's independent innovation capabilities and sustainable development capabilities in solar power generation compared with developed countries. ” In response to the problem of overcapacity of polysilicon materials in China disclosed by many media, researcher Xu Honghua put forward his own unique insights. He believes that my country’s current polysilicon production cannot meet the needs of the domestic industrial chain, and the actual production capacity under construction and reached cannot Talking about excess. He told the reporter of Economic Information Daily: "High production costs and poor product performance are the biggest obstacles restricting the development of the solar photovoltaic industry. Industrial expansion enables rising raw material prices to be reduced in the face of competition. At the same time, comprehensive mastery of advanced technology and product performance reaching the same international level can greatly reduce costs and promote the rapid development of the solar energy industry. "The energy consumption and pollution issues in the production of solar cells are considered by the industry and outside to be an issue worthy of attention in the process of industrial development. Xu Honghua said that in the production process of crystalline silicon cells, for a single production enterprise, the unit energy consumption is indeed relatively high. But this is not the case when looking at the general ledger. The total energy consumption of crystalline silicon solar cells from sand to system production is about 2.65 kilowatt-hours. Even if a 10GW photovoltaic system is produced and installed every year, the total energy consumption is 26.5 billion kilowatt-hours, which only accounts for 26.5 billion kilowatt hours of electricity in the country in 2007. Of the total power generation, electrolytic aluminum accounts for 5% and steel accounts for 14%. The total energy consumption is not high. With the technological advancement of polycrystalline silicon and solar cells, this indicator will further decline. Photovoltaic power generation is 14%. A high-energy-consuming industry, from a single factory perspective, is a high-energy-consuming industry. From an industry perspective, it should not be said to be a high-energy-consuming industry. “In the photovoltaic power generation industry, the environmental impact caused by metallurgical silicon production is not significant. Large; although a large amount of waste liquid and waste gas are generated during the polysilicon production process, the main waste liquid is silicon tetrachloride and trichlorosilane, and the main waste gas is hydrogen chloride. "Xu Honghua told the Economic Information Daily, "There are no technical problems in recycling or pollution-free treatment of these wastes, and they can also be recycled as raw materials for other chemical industries. Judging from the polysilicon plants that have already started production, zero emissions and clean production can be achieved through exhaust gas recovery, pollution-free treatment, material recycling and comprehensive utilization. " From "substitution" to "dominance", China Optoelectronics still has a long way to go. "The strategic position of solar power generation in China is becoming increasingly important. "Xu Honghua believes that solar power generation will gradually transition from the current supplementary and alternative energy to the main energy and leading energy in the future. He said, "Solar energy is an effective solution to my country's energy problems. "According to Xu Honghua's prediction, solar power generation will be widely used in the future, especially after 2030; after 2050, solar energy is most likely to become the dominant energy source with the largest share among all forms of power generation. Specially invited expert from the Energy Expert Committee, Solar Energy from Sun Yat-sen University Dr. Shen Hui from the Institute of Systems Research said that from the perspective of scientific development concept and energy recovery period, photovoltaic power generation is the most promising solar power generation technology in the future. “According to my country’s actual situation, among the three major renewable energy technologies, it is relatively Wind energy, biomass energy, and solar energy have the greatest development potential, among which photovoltaic power generation has unlimited development. Shen Hui said, "Photovoltaics can drive the machine manufacturing industry, automobile industry, and construction industry, and will be the biggest growth point of the future economy." " Shen Hui believes that the development of my country's photovoltaic industry is the most competitive in the entire industry. It has achieved leapfrog development in 5-6 years, shocking the world, and the government should strongly support it.
Where is China’s most promising solar power generation market? Xu Honghua believes that considering resources and costs, the most promising photovoltaic power generation is the construction of "desert power stations." He said: “Firstly, in terms of resources, the western desert area is the region with the richest solar energy resources in my country; secondly, in terms of land cost, desert power stations are the most economical; thirdly, in terms of market, it is necessary to build several to ten megawatts in the western region. The electricity generated by the desert power station can basically be consumed on site.” Experts at the meeting believed that there is still a long way to go before solar power generation becomes the “dominant energy source.” First, the new energy revitalization plan must be announced as soon as possible; second, solar photovoltaic and photothermal electricity price policies must be introduced as soon as possible. Third, it is necessary to increase investment in scientific research and establish a sustainable development solar power industry system with independent intellectual property rights. "Although my country's photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation industry is developing rapidly, it is still in the seedling stage." Researcher Wang Junchao said that China's solar energy industry is a bright industry and needs to become bigger and stronger with the support of the government and the care of all sectors of society. , becoming the main force of China's future renewable energy.