The main risks are as follows:
1. Sudden and substantial increase in orders
When the buyer is of average size and the volume of orders placed to the operator suddenly increases, and these orders are not transferred from other suppliers, it is necessary to pay attention to whether the buyer has sufficient downstream sales capacity. If the buyer is too optimistic about downstream sales, the risk of blind purchasing may eventually be transferred to the supplier company.
2, at the same time with a number of suppliers
If the same type of product is scattered in a number of enterprises to purchase, the buyer may not be really concerned about the export enterprise's ability to supply, but rather to use this to obtain more suppliers on their credit, so as to achieve the purpose of occupying the upper reaches of the funds for their own financing. Once the buyer's capital chain difficulties, will be transmitted to the upstream enterprises, and the impact is often wider.
3, downstream for a single emerging market
such as a single market for high-risk emerging markets, more need to be treated as significant negative information. The downstream market a wind, will seriously affect the buyer's business. The UAE and Hong Kong, China, both have a large number of intermediaries, due to the differences in the end market, making the UAE buyer's risk is much higher than that of Hong Kong, China buyers.
4, high-debt business
When the operating income can not cover the cost of financing, or financing institutions to tighten the policy of the buyer's financial situation will be seriously affected, and then the formation of the upstream suppliers of arrears. We need to find ways to understand the details of high debt, including the actual debt level, whether to bank financing or other institutions, the maturity period of the financing and the continuity of the financing policy and other information.
5, the credit period continues to extend
Credit sales, which reflect the characteristics of modern international trade, are being widely used and have become an important means for the majority of Chinese enterprises to improve their competitiveness.
Out of the inertia of habitual things, often the buyer's request for the continuous extension of the credit period without due enough vigilance. When the credit period requested by the buyer deviates from the industry practice and far exceeds the downstream sales payback period, we need to beware of the buyer's intentional misappropriation of funds for other purposes.
6, operating away from the main business
When the operator was informed that the buyer is carrying out large-scale investment in non-main business, need to do is not to sigh the buyer's strength, but to care about whether the investment will affect the main business, and thus affect the payment of goods. From experience, few buyers will make up for trade losses through investment gains, but more often sacrifice trade to make up for investment losses.
7, engaged in offshore procurement
With the development of international trade, more and more buyers use legal means to protect their rights and interests, in order to mitigate the consequences of business failure. More typical is the well-known buyers through the third country (region) to set up a procurement company for offshore procurement, due to the independence of the legal status of the procurement company, the responsibility for its payment is difficult to trace back to its parent company has the strength.
In recent years, in China's customs statistics, exports to the Virgin Islands, the Marshall Islands and other places of business is rare, but the buyer of the export contract for these regions accounted for a considerable proportion of the situation. The buyer through the establishment of procurement companies in Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, Hong Kong, China and other countries and regions is more common.
8, highly regulated countries buyer imports
In international trade, whether it is safe to receive payment, not only depends on the buyer's own credit and strength, but also with the buyer's country (region).
In some countries with a high degree of control over trade and foreign exchange, such as Iran, Venezuela and so on, there is no lack of some strong buyers with a very strong willingness to pay for goods abroad. However, due to the influence of national policy control, or not enough foreign exchange available for exchange, or can not successfully pay for goods abroad.
Avoidance measures:
1, pay attention to customer credit investigation, the establishment of customer credit file
In the trade business links, customer credit is the basis, so credit investigation is very important. In view of the international trade across a large space, the enterprise itself to understand the scene is very limited, so with the help of a third party (such as professional information consulting firms or export credit insurance companies) to do credit investigation of new customers is to understand the basic information of the customer, financial reports, bank transaction records and litigation matters of an important way.
These professional companies have professional talent teams, powerful information data and global information networks, and will also grade customers according to their own internal indicators for enterprises' reference. Of course, we can also use the official website or on-site visits to learn more about the creditworthiness of our clients. In short, we should choose customers with good credit rating to cooperate with us, and we should not do business with customers who have bad credit rating or bad records.
With the customer credit investigation report as the basis, the enterprise can also establish the customer credit file through the customer performance record, the default or bad record of the customer timely warning or even into the blacklist management, to reduce the risk of recurrence.
2, a reasonable choice of international trade settlement, reduce the risk of receiving and paying remittances
(1) a reasonable choice of traditional settlement
For the current economic situation, the import and export enterprises in the international trade settlement of the choice of methods should be as careful as possible. Generally speaking, the export business for the lower credit rating of the region and the country we had better choose the settlement of TT or letter of credit before the goods, but also pay attention to the creditworthiness of the issuing bank, if the issuing bank is not strong, it is best to have to confirm the letter of credit in order to ensure the safety of foreign exchange collection.
For regions and countries with good credit ratings, we can consider reducing the cost of the letter of credit bank and improving the competitiveness of enterprises to carry out diversified settlement methods, including collection and TT.
For import business, try to avoid prepayment (TT before shipment), and if you can't avoid it, also try to reduce the proportion of prepayment. In addition, import and export enterprises and even the country through the two or three decades of reform and opening up, in the world continue to accumulate a good credit record of enterprises, improve the national credit in order to be able to negotiate in the import trade in our favor and save bank charges of the consignment or payment on arrival of the settlement method.
(2) actively innovate trade settlement mode
①Traditional settlement mode mix and match combination, according to the business needs of more than two settlement methods in a certain proportion, is conducive to promoting the transaction and reduce the risk of foreign exchange collection;
②according to the actual situation of the enterprise, and actively utilize the new financial products, such as: letter of credit under the Forfaiting, non-certificates of international factoring, accelerate enterprise liquidity, optimize the financial statements. Accelerate enterprise liquidity, optimize financial statements, but also conducive to expanding overseas markets and increase trade volume.
3, by taking out credit insurance to avoid the risk
Currently, the global trade environment has become a trend of non-certificate settlement (especially export business), to the export enterprises to bring a lot of financial pressure and foreign exchange risk, we must actively use the export of short-term credit insurance to avoid the risk of foreign exchange collection, you can also use the local government on the preferential interest rates for trade finance under the credit insurance in a timely manner back to the capital, many of the local financial institutions also export credit insurance insurance for the export of the financial sector, the local financial institutions also have a good understanding of the financial situation of the export of the financial sector. Local finance also export credit insurance premiums and interest on foreign exchange charges for a certain percentage of subsidies.
For the import business, China Export and Credit Insurance Corporation launched the import prepayment insurance business has also begun to implement in the pilot enterprises, importing enterprises can carry out prepayment business under the import prepayment insurance, which is undoubtedly a smooth implementation of the prepayment business of the importing enterprises to escort. In short, take out credit insurance is one of the very important means for enterprises to avoid and reduce or even transfer risks.
4, through the use of financial instruments to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on the enterprise international trade settlement
Import and export enterprises should rely on the bank's professional team or in the conditions ripe to set up their own professional team, tracking and management of import and export of foreign exchange, in due course, through the sale of forward foreign exchange trading, hedging, and other means of reducing the exchange rate fluctuations in the loss of the enterprise, and on the contrary, and even can create profits for the Enterprises to create profits.
Expanded informationThe current development trend and characteristics of international trade can be summarized in six aspects:
1, international trade into a new round of high-speed growth period, trade on the economic growth of the pulling role of the more obvious;
2, centered on developed countries in the trade pattern remains unchanged, China has become the new force of international trade growth;
3, The multilateral trading system is facing new challenges, the global momentum of regional economic cooperation;
4, the international trade structure towards the advanced, trade in services and technology trade development in the ascendant;
5, the trend of trade and investment integration is obvious, multinational corporations on the dominant role in global trade is growing;
6, the struggle for trade liberalization and protectionism is intensifying, the various trade walls are becoming more and more difficult. The struggle between trade liberalization and protectionism is intensifying, and various trade barriers are emerging.
Baidu Encyclopedia-International Trade