What are the characteristics of infrared radiation

Infrared light is one of the many invisible light in the sun's rays, by the German scientists H?sschel in 1800, also known as infrared radiation, he will be broken down by the sun with a prism, in a variety of different colors of the color band position on the placement of the thermometer, trying to measure the heating effect of various colors of light. It was found that the thermometer located on the outside of the red light heated up the fastest. Therefore, it was concluded that in the solar spectrum, there must be invisible light on the outside of red light, which is infrared light. This is infrared light, which can also be used as a transmission medium. The wavelength of infrared light on the solar spectrum is greater than that of visible light, with a wavelength of 0.75 to 1000 μm. Infrared light can be divided into three parts, namely, near-infrared light, with a wavelength of 0.75 to 1.50 μm; mid-infrared light, with a wavelength of 1.50 to 6.0 μm; far-infrared light, with a wavelength of 6.0 to l000 μm between. Real infrared night vision is photomultiplier tube imaging, and telescope principle is completely different, can not be used during the day, expensive and need power to work. Physical properties of infrared light in the spectrum from 0.76 to 400 microns in a section called infrared, infrared light is invisible. Infrared light is invisible. All substances above absolute zero (-273°C) can produce infrared light. Modern physics calls them heat rays. Medical infrared can be divided into two categories: near infrared and far infrared. Near infrared or short-wave infrared, wavelength 0.76 ~ 1.5 microns, penetrate the human body tissue is deeper, about 5 ~ 10 mm; far infrared or long-wave infrared, wavelength 1.5 ~ 400 microns, more than absorbed by the surface layer of the skin, the depth of penetration of the tissue is less than 2 mm. Physical properties of infrared light 1. strong thermal effect 2. strong ability to penetrate the cloud Physiological and therapeutic effects of infrared light The human body on the infrared reflection and absorption of infrared radiation after irradiation of the body surface, a part of the reflection, and another part of the skin is absorbed. The degree of skin reflection of infrared radiation and pigmentation conditions related to the use of infrared radiation with a wavelength of 0.9 microns, no pigmentation of the skin to reflect about 60% of its energy; and pigmentation of the skin to reflect about 40% of its energy. Long-wave infrared (wavelength 1.5 microns or more) irradiation, the vast majority of the reflected and absorbed by the superficial skin tissues, the depth of penetration of the skin is only up to 0.05 ~ 2 mm, and thus can only act on the skin's surface tissues; short-wave infrared (wavelength of 1.5 microns or less) as well as the red light of the near infrared part of the deepest infrared into the tissues, the depth of penetration of up to 10 millimeters, and can be directly effected by blood vessels in the skin, Lymphatic vessels, nerve endings and other subcutaneous tissues. Infrared erythema Infrared erythema can appear when the skin is irradiated with sufficient intensity of infrared rays, and disappears soon after the irradiation is stopped. Large doses of infrared light irradiation of the skin for many times, can produce brown marble-like pigmentation, which is related to the thermal effect to strengthen the vascular wall of the basal cell layer of melanocytes in the pigment formation. Therapeutic action of infrared rays The basis of the therapeutic action of infrared rays is the warming effect. Under infrared irradiation, the tissue temperature rises, capillaries dilate, blood flow is accelerated, material metabolism is enhanced, and the vitality and regenerative capacity of tissue cells are increased. When infrared ray treats chronic inflammation, it improves blood circulation, increases the phagocytosis function of cells, eliminates swelling and promotes the dissipation of inflammation. Infrared rays can reduce the excitability of the nervous system, have analgesic, relieve the spasm of the transverse and smooth muscles as well as promote the recovery of nerve function. In the treatment of chronic infected wounds and chronic ulcers, it improves tissue nutrition, eliminates granulomatous edema, promotes granulomatous growth and accelerates wound healing. Infrared irradiation has the effect of reducing the exudation of burn wounds. Infrared light is also often used in the treatment of sprains and contusions, to promote tissue swelling and hematoma dissipation, as well as to reduce postoperative adhesions, to promote the softening of the scar, to reduce scar contracture. Infrared rays on the eye Because the eye contains more liquid, the absorption of infrared rays is stronger, so a certain intensity of infrared rays directly irradiate the eye can cause cataracts. Cataract production and the role of short-wave infrared; wavelengths greater than 1.5 microns of infrared light does not cause cataracts. The role of light bath on the body The role of light bath is infrared, visible light and hot air. Light bath can make a large area, even the whole body sweating, thus reducing the burden on the kidneys, and can improve the blood circulation of the kidneys, which is conducive to the recovery of renal function. Light bath action can increase hemoglobin, red blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and mild nuclear left shift; strengthen immunity. Localized baths can improve the blood supply and nutrition of nerves and muscles, thus promoting the return of their function to normal. Whole-body light bath can significantly affect the metabolic processes in the body and increase the burden of systemic thermal regulation; it also has a certain effect on the vegetative nervous system and cardiovascular system. Equipment and therapeutic methods Infrared light source 1, infrared emitter will be wrapped around the resistance wire in the porcelain rod, the resistance wire after power generation heat production, so that the cover in the resistance wire outside of the carbon rod temperature (generally not more than 500 ℃), the emission of long-wave infrared radiation is mainly. Infrared emitters have standing and portable two kinds. Standing infrared emitter power up to 600 ~ 1000 watts or more. In recent years, some areas of China made far-infrared radiators for medical use, for example, with high silica oxygen as a component, made of far-infrared radiators. 2, incandescent lamps in the medical treatment is widely used in a variety of different power incandescent bulbs as infrared light source. The tungsten filament inside the bulb can reach a temperature of 2000 ~ 2500 ℃ after energized. Incandescent lamps used in phototherapy in the following forms: standing incandescent lamp: with a power of 250 ~ 1000W incandescent bulbs, in the reflector installed between a metal mesh, for protection. Standing incandescent lamps, often referred to as sun lamps. Portable incandescent lamps: with less power (more than 200W or less) of incandescent bulbs, installed in a small reflector, reflector fixed in a small bracket. 3, light bath device can be localized or whole body irradiation with two kinds. According to the different sizes of the light bath box, installed in the box 40 ~ 60W bulb 6 ~ 30 ranging. Light bath box was semi-circular, fixed bulb parts of the box can add a small metal reflector. Whole body light bath box should be attached to the thermometer, in order to observe the temperature inside the box, adjusted at any time. Infrared therapy methods of operation 1, the patient to take the appropriate position, bare irradiation site. 2, check the irradiation site on the warm feeling is normal. 3, the lamp will be moved to the irradiation site above or side, the distance is generally as follows: power 500W or more, the lamp distance should be in the 50 ~ 60cm or more; power 250 ~ 300W, the lamp distance in the 30 ~ 40cm; power 200W or less, the distance between the lamps in the 20cm or so. 4, the application of local or whole-body light bath, light bath box needs to be covered with a cloth sheet at both ends. Three to five minutes after the power is turned on, the patient should be asked whether the warmth is appropriate; the temperature in the light bath box should be maintained at 40 to 50 ℃. 5, each irradiation 15 ~ 30 minutes, 1 ~ 2 times a day, 15 ~ 20 times for a course of treatment. 6、At the end of treatment, dry the sweat on the irradiated area, and the patient should rest indoors for 10～15 minutes before going out. [Attachment] Precautions (1) The patient should not move the position during treatment to prevent burns. (2) If you feel overheating, panic, dizziness and other reactions during irradiation, you need to inform the staff immediately. (3) When the irradiation part is close to the eyes or the light can reach the eyes, cover both eyes with gauze. (4) When the affected part has temperature and heat sensation disorder or irradiates the fresh scarred part or implanted skin part, small dose should be used and local reaction should be closely observed to avoid burns. (5) Blood circulation disorders, more obvious capillaries or vasodilatation sites generally do not use infrared irradiation. Selection of irradiation method and irradiation dose 1, the choice of different irradiation methods Infrared irradiation is mainly used for local treatment, in individual cases, such as pediatric whole-body ultraviolet irradiation can also be used in conjunction with the application of infrared radiation to do whole-body irradiation. Local irradiation, such as the need for deeper thermal effects, the priority choice of incandescent lamps (i.e., sun lamps). Treatment of chronic rheumatoid arthritis can be used for local light bath; treatment of multiple peripheral neuritis can be used for whole body light bath. 2, irradiation dose Decide the size of infrared therapy dose, mainly according to the characteristics of the lesion, site, patient age and functional status of the body. Infrared radiation when the patient has a comfortable warm feeling, the skin can appear light red uniform erythema, such as the appearance of marble-like erythema is overheating performance. The skin temperature should not exceed 45℃, otherwise it may cause burns. Main indications and contraindications (A) Indications Rheumatoid arthritis, chronic bronchitis, pleurisy, chronic gastritis, chronic enteritis, radiculitis, neuritis, multiple peripheral neuritis, spasmodic paralysis, flaccid paralysis, trauma to peripheral nerves, soft tissue trauma, chronic wounds, frostbite, burn wounds, decubitus ulcers, chronic lymphadenitis, chronic phlebitis, post-injection sclerosis, post-operative adhesion, scar contracture, postpartum lack of breasts, nipple contracture. Post-partum lack of milk, nipple fissure, vulvovaginitis, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, eczema, neurodermatitis, skin ulcers. （Contraindications Bleeding tendency, high fever, active tuberculosis, severe arteriosclerosis, occlusive vasculitis. [Appendix] Examples of prescriptions (1) Infrared irradiation of both knee joints: lamp distance 40cm, 30 minutes, once a day, 7 times. Indications: chronic rheumatoid arthritis (2) infrared irradiation of the right side of the thorax (lower part) lamp distance 50cm, 20 minutes, once a day, 8 times. Indications: right-sided dry pleurisy (3) Sun lamp irradiation of the lumbosacral region: lamp distance 40cm, 20-30 minutes, once a day, 6 times. Indications: lumbosacral radiculitis (4) Whole-body light bath: box temperature 40 ~ 45 ℃, 20 ~ 30 minutes, once a day, 8 times. Indications: multiple peripheral neuritis (5) left calf localized light bath: 20 ~ 30 minutes, once a day, 8 times. Indications: trauma to the left common peroneal nerve Infrared pollution Infrared radiation has been increasingly widely used in recent years in the military, artificial satellites, and industry, health, scientific research, and so on, and therefore the problem of infrared pollution has arisen. Infrared is a form of thermal radiation that can cause heat damage to the human body. Stronger infrared rays can cause skin injuries similar to scalds, initially burning and then causing burns. Infrared damage to the eye has several different situations, the wavelength of 7500 ~ 13000 ? of infrared light on the cornea of the cornea of the higher transmittance, can cause damage to the fundus of the retina. Especially near 11000 ? infrared, can make the front of the eye medium (corneal crystal, etc.) is not damaged and directly caused by the fundus retinal burns. Infrared rays with a wavelength of 19,000? or more are almost completely absorbed by the cornea, causing corneal burns (clouding, white spots). Infrared wavelengths greater than 14,000 ?, most of the energy is absorbed by the cornea and intraocular fluid, not through the iris. Only infrared rays below 13,000 angstroms can penetrate the iris and cause iris damage. Prolonged exposure of the human eye to infrared light can cause cataracts. Infrared can be man-made, nature is also widely available in the welding process will also produce, jeopardizing the health of the welder's eyes; general biological will radiate infrared, embodied in the macro effect is the heat. We know that the cause of heat, is composed of particles of matter to do irregular movement. This movement at the same time also radiates electromagnetic waves, most of these electromagnetic waves are infrared. 1, it is true that the sun's rays are almost gone at night, but the substances on the earth will radiate infrared rays, some strong and some calm. Infrared photography is through the reception of infrared rays emitted by a variety of substances, and then show them, but it is not itself through the emission of infrared rays to take pictures. 2, infrared perspective and night vision is the use of infrared light of different properties. The front of the night vision is because the human eye can not see infrared radiation, while the special design of the camera and the night vision device is specialized in accepting infrared radiation, so there will be a dark, but the camera can shoot things, because in fact everywhere is infrared, for infrared cameras and night vision device is a bright. Perspective is the use of infrared wavelength than visible light is longer, can pass through some visible light can not pass through the fabric (such as mixed cotton and nylon), so through a certain selection of filtering, you can get the image behind these fabrics.