What should be done with waste batteries so as not to pollute the environment? Please gods

According to environmental experts, in order to strengthen the recycling management of waste batteries, Germany has implemented a new waste battery recycling management regulations. The regulations require consumers to send used-up dry cell batteries, button batteries and other types of batteries to stores or waste recycling stations for recycling, and stores and waste recycling stations must accept waste batteries unconditionally and forward them to treatment manufacturers for recycling. At the same time, they also have a deposit system for toxic nickel-cadmium batteries and mercury-containing batteries, that is, consumers buy each battery contains a certain amount of deposit, and when consumers take used batteries to exchange, the deposit can be automatically deducted from the price. In the treatment of waste batteries, Switzerland has two factories specializing in the processing and utilization of old batteries, one of which takes the method of grinding old batteries, and then sent to the furnace to be heated, at which time the volatile mercury can be extracted, and when the temperature is higher zinc is also evaporated, and the manganese and iron are fused together to become manganese-iron alloys required for steelmaking. This factory can process 2,000 tons of waste batteries a year, obtaining 780 tons of ferromanganese alloy, 400 tons of zinc and 3 tons of mercury. Another plant extracts iron directly from the batteries and sells a mixture of metals such as manganese oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide and nickel oxide directly as metal scrap. Germany's Magdeburg suburbs built a "wet processing" device, where in addition to lead-acid batteries, all types of batteries are dissolved in sulfuric acid, and then with the help of ionic resins from the solution to extract a variety of metals, raw materials obtained by this method than the thermal treatment method is pure, so the market price is higher, and batteries contain a variety of The battery contains a variety of substances 95% can be extracted, but also eliminates the sorting process. The annual processing capacity of this device is up to 7,500 tons. Ltd. built in the mountains of Hokkaido, Japan, the main business is the disposal of waste batteries and waste fluorescent lamps. They buy from the country's waste batteries up to 13,000 tons per year, the collection of 93% of the way through the collection of private environmental organizations, 7% is through the collection of manufacturers. This business was started in 1985, and the amount of purification has been increasing. In the past, the main purpose was to recycle the mercury contained in them, but now that batteries in Japan no longer contain mercury, the main purpose is to recycle the iron shells and other metal raw materials of batteries, and to develop and manufacture secondary products, such as one of the products that can be used in the picture tubes of televisions. In addition, some countries have also developed some related policies. For example, the United States, Japan, waste batteries recycled and handed over to the enterprise to deal with every ton of government to give a certain amount of subsidies; South Korea's production of batteries, every ton of production to pay a certain amount of deposit for the recycler, the cost of the processor, and designate a special factory to deal with. There are also countries that levy environmental management tax on battery producers or tax reductions and exemptions for waste battery treatment enterprises, and so on. At present, the process of recycling and treatment of waste batteries is not yet mature, due to the fact that batteries contain many kinds of elements but small amounts, the cost of treatment is very high, therefore, it is impossible to set up a treatment station in various places, I know of a relatively large-scale treatment plant was built in Yixian County in Hebei Province, which is operated in conjunction with a university in Beijing. What we can do now is to try to centralize the used batteries (you can give them to the local environmental protection department) to avoid spreading them around and polluting the environment. It's not quite the same everywhere. Now Haikou City **** set up more than 200 waste battery recycling bins, recycled batteries centralized to the suburbs designated places for processing. Sanitation department with the help of this newspaper to inform the general public, such as you have collected a large number of waste batteries, do not arbitrarily dispose of, but also do not place long-term home or public **** place. If you want the sanitation department to dispose of waste batteries, you can call 66221595. Other countries: Japan: Nomura Kogyo Co., Ltd. in the mountainous area of Hokkaido has 110 employees whose main business is the disposal of primary waste batteries and waste fluorescent lamps. Nomura Kosei was founded in this area because it was the first mercury mine discovered in Japan. Every year, Nomura collects 13,000 tons of waste batteries from all over the country, accounting for 20% of all waste batteries in the country, and collects 93% of them through private environmental organizations and 7% through manufacturers. This business was launched in 1985, and the amount of purification has been increasing. In the past, the main recovery of mercury, through high-temperature (600-700 ℃) incinerator burning mercury exhaust excluded from the collection, but now Japan's domestic batteries do not contain mercury, the main recovery of the battery's iron casing and the "black" raw materials, and the development and manufacture of secondary products, such as a product that can be utilized in the picture tube of the television set. The cost of disposal is 80 yen/kg, and the profitability of the production depends mainly on the fees collected before disposal of the used batteries (mainly by the manufacturer) and the value of the secondary products, the latter of which is the key. Recycling batteries need to take up a lot of space, Nomura Kogyo is a private enterprise, the Japanese government has not invested a penny in it, but the Japan Battery Industry Association provides great help, and Japan's major manufacturers to coordinate some of the financial compensation. Annual processing capacity of up to 16,000 tons. In addition to extract the mercury in the waste fluorescent lamps can be up to 40 tons a year, while the whole of Japan's annual demand is only 20 tons, in this regard can be completely recycled, but also to ensure its profits. Other batteries such as lead-acid batteries, Japan can do 100% recycling, secondary batteries and cell phone batteries are also being actively developed through the cooperation of manufacturers, especially the recovery of lithium-ion batteries in the cobalt profits. Through the inspection, combined with the actual situation in our country, I think that at present, first of all, we should resolutely implement the nine ministries and commissions on the limitation of mercury content in batteries, as soon as possible to achieve mercury-free batteries in our country, the primary battery in the harmful components of the impact of mercury on the environment through the industry law enforcement, the manufacturers strive to minimize the second is to raise the awareness of environmental protection of the citizens through a variety of means of publicity, battery recycling and landfill, and the establishment of a waste battery recycling system. There is also the state to encourage the research of recycling technology in order to achieve the reuse of recycled resources as soon as possible. As for the profit problem, it can take various ways such as sharing to consumers, developing marketable products and so on. Germany: In order to strengthen the management of waste batteries, Germany has implemented a new waste battery recycling management regulations. Requirements for consumers to use up dry cell batteries, button batteries and other types of batteries sent to the store or waste recycling station for recycling, the store and waste recycling station must unconditionally accept used batteries, and forwarded to the manufacturer for recycling and processing. It is estimated that the world's annual 32 billion used batteries are discarded, only the average person in Germany to consume 10 batteries per year, a total of about 30,000 tons, a large number of discarded used batteries on the soil environment is seriously damaged. Germany's environmental sector for the new regulations can put an end to the phenomenon of littering used batteries, is not sure, because before this, the waste recycling stations and manufacturers generally only recycling of cadmium-containing, mercury-containing batteries with toxic chemical compositions, and 90% of the ordinary zinc-carbon batteries and aluminum-magnesium batteries have been landfilled or incinerated as household garbage. According to the German Ministry of the Environment statistics, Germany's annual recovery of nickel-cadmium batteries with toxicity only 1 / 3, while 2 / 3 of the battery is disposed of as household garbage, the annual inflow of mercury into the environment in about 8 tons, nickel 400 tons, 400 tons of cadmium. Generally speaking, it is difficult for ordinary consumers to distinguish between toxic and non-toxic batteries in their lives and dispose of them, so the new regulations require stores and recycling stations to take responsibility. A new idea of the Ministry of the Environment is to introduce a deposit system for toxic nickel-cadmium and mercury-containing batteries, i.e. the consumer buys a battery with a deposit of DM 15 per battery, which is automatically deducted from the price of the old battery when the consumer exchanges it for a new one. In the suburbs of Magdeburg, a "wet processing" plant is being built, where all types of batteries except lead batteries are dissolved in sulfuric acid, and then various metals are extracted from the solution with the help of ionic resins, and the raw materials obtained in this way are purer than those obtained by heat treatment, and therefore sell for a higher price on the market, and 95% of the various substances contained in the batteries can be extracted. Wet treatment eliminates the need for sorting (which is a manual process that increases costs). Magdeburg this device annual processing capacity of up to 7,500 tons, its cost is slightly higher than the landfill method, but the valuable raw materials will not be discarded, and will not pollute the environment. Germany Alter developed the vacuum heat treatment method is also cheap, but this first need to sort out the nickel-cadmium batteries in the waste batteries, waste batteries heated in a vacuum, in which the mercury quickly evaporated, can be recycled, and then the remaining raw materials grinding, with magnets to extract metallic iron, and then from the remaining powder to extract nickel and manganese. The cost of this processing of one ton of waste batteries is less than DM 1,500. Switzerland: There are two factories specializing in the processing and utilization of old batteries, and the method adopted by the Bartlek company is to grind up the old batteries and send them to the furnace to be heated, when the volatile mercury can be extracted, and the zinc also evaporates at a higher temperature, which is also a precious metal. Iron and manganese are fused together to make a manganese-iron alloy for steelmaking. The plant can process 2,000 tons of waste batteries a year, obtaining 780 tons of ferromanganese alloy, 400 tons of zinc alloy and 3 tons of mercury. Another plant extracts iron directly from the batteries and sells a mixture of metals such as manganese oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide and nickel oxide directly as metal scrap. However, the thermal treatment method is more costly, and Switzerland also provides for a small fee per battery buyer dedicated to the processing of waste batteries. The United States: the most detailed legislation in the environmental management of waste batteries in a country, not only established a comprehensive waste battery recycling system, and the establishment of a number of waste battery treatment plants, while unremitting publicity and education to the public, so that the public consciously support and cooperate with the recycling of waste batteries. The recovery of waste batteries is the first step of recycling, and reprocessing is the key to recycling. At present, the used batteries that have been recovered are still lying in warehouses without a home. The technology to deal with waste batteries is not a problem, developed countries already have ready-made technology, take it over and use it. It is understood that the suburbs of Magdeburg, Germany, is building a "wet processing" device, where, in addition to lead batteries, all types of batteries are dissolved in sulfuric acid, and then with the help of ionic resins from the solution to extract a variety of metals, raw materials obtained in this way than the purity of the heat treatment method, and therefore sold at a higher price on the market, and batteries contain a variety of substances are extracted out of 95%. Wet treatment eliminates the need for sorting (which is a manual process that increases costs). With a capacity of up to 7,500 tons per year, the Magdeburg plant is slightly more expensive than landfills, but valuable raw materials are not thrown away and do not pollute the environment. This set of devices can be up to 7500 tons of annual processing capacity. Germany's Alter developed a vacuum heat treatment method is also cheap, but this first need to sort out the nickel-cadmium batteries in the waste batteries, waste batteries heated in a vacuum, in which the mercury quickly evaporated, it can be recycled, and then the remaining raw materials grinding, with magnets to extract metallic iron, and then from the remaining powder to extract nickel and manganese. The cost of this processing of one ton of waste batteries is less than DM 1,500. Switzerland: There are two factories specializing in the processing and utilization of old batteries, the method adopted by the company Barticle is to grind up the old batteries and send them to the furnace to be heated, at which time the volatile mercury can be extracted, and the zinc also evaporates when the temperature is higher, which is also a precious metal. Iron and manganese are fused together to make a manganese-iron alloy for steelmaking. The plant can process 2,000 tons of waste batteries a year, obtaining 780 tons of ferromanganese alloy, 400 tons of zinc alloy and 3 tons of mercury. Another plant extracts iron directly from the batteries and sells a mixture of metals such as manganese oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide and nickel oxide directly as metal scrap. However, the thermal treatment method is more expensive, and Switzerland also provides for a small fee per battery buyer dedicated to the processing of waste batteries. According to our understanding, some domestic research units and enterprises have also developed relevant technologies. The Donghua Xinxin Waste Battery Recycling and Treatment Plant in Hebei Province, which adopts the waste battery treatment technology of the University of Science and Technology Beijing, is under construction. Beijing Municipal Development and Planning Commission has also approved the use of European technology and equipment, the establishment of waste dry battery treatment plant. Xinxiang Battery Factory in Henan Province has already had scientific and technical personnel design a complete set of technology and production equipment for the recycling and reutilization of waste batteries. After two years of research, Anshan City, Liaoning Province, a successful trial of waste battery recycling resource regeneration and harmless treatment process, has passed the relevant experts and relevant departments to demonstrate.