First, five-axis linkage blade machining center
In terms of its importance, five-axis linkage blade machining center is no less than the chip manufacturing photolithography, because this equipment is used to process the core components of the aircraft engine, turbine, blower - blade. Blade is a key part of the aircraft hair, complex shape and inner cavity, to withstand a high temperature of 1700 degrees Celsius, and a large number of use of titanium alloy and other high-strength composite materials, processing difficulty can be imagined.
At present, China's high-end five-axis linkage blade machining centers rely on imports, including in the field of national defense, China introduced the Swiss Starrag products. Of course, as the leader in this field, including the U.S. F35 fighter aircraft are also using Starrag machine tools. In addition to Swiss companies, the main producers of this equipment include Germany (Hamil), Italy (Ferrari) and so on.
Second, the industrial robot reducer
Reducer is one of the core components of industrial robots (joints), industrial robots can produce a lot of countries, but the precision reducer is mainly in the hands of the Japanese companies, there are two companies in this field, one is Nabtesco, the main production of the RV reducer; a Harmonic Reducer is mainly. RV gearboxes generally have heavy loads such as pedestals and shoulders, while harmonic gearboxes are mainly used for small arms, wrists and other parts of the body.
Nabtesco, formerly Teijin Seiki, Nabok, is the world's largest manufacturer of precision gearboxes, with about 60% of the market. Currently, most of the gearboxes used by global joint robotics companies, including those in Germany and Switzerland, come from Japanese companies.
Third, semiconductor equipment
When it comes to semiconductor equipment, we will first think of lithography. In fact, semiconductor equipment has a very large number of types, including etching machines, thin film equipment, test equipment and cleaning equipment, etc., like the world's largest semiconductor equipment companies, the United States Applied Materials, Inc. production in addition to photolithography and cleaning equipment, almost all of the semiconductor equipment, but also in the field of thin film PVD equipment, its position is not worse than the photolithography business. In terms of overall market value, etching machine, lithography, thin film equipment is the highest value of the three semiconductor equipment. In addition to photolithography, U.S. companies in several other types of equipment to dominate.
Semiconductor equipment technology is very difficult, such as plasma etching machine processing of fine holes only one ten thousandth of a hair, and the stability and cleanliness requirements are extremely high. In the semiconductor equipment, there is a large amount of equipment - magnetic levitation molecular pump, mainly used to obtain a vacuum, at present can produce this equipment only a few companies, including the UK's Edward, Germany's Leybold, Japan's Shimadzu Manufacturing and so on.
Fourth, the semiconductor process below 10nm
10nm semiconductor process for most wafer manufacturing companies is a no-go area, announced that it stopped research and development of more advanced processes in a few companies. So how hard is the semiconductor process? 5nm, for example, the process steps alone there are 1000, and each step of the qualification rate of 99.99%, and the more advanced the process, the need to integrate the relevant disciplines in the field of technology is more. Currently there are only three companies that have mastered the sub-10nm process, including TSMC, Samsung Electronics and Intel.
Fifth, large-scale high-precision diffraction grating engraving machine
Grating machine is the most important mother machine in the field of optics, known as the "king of precision machinery". The main role of the grating is in the spectral analysis, through which you can get the composition of the material information, widely used in information science, physics, astronomy and military and other fields. To give an example, paint has different colors, the average person can distinguish the changes may have dozens of kinds, while the grating can distinguish more than hundreds of millions of kinds of color changes. Currently can produce this equipment only the United States, Japan and China and a few other countries.
Sixth, heavy ion therapy equipment
As the international cutting-edge radiation therapy technology, heavy ion therapy equipment is known as a major scientific device, the world's largest and most complex piece of equipment weighing 670 tons. Heavy ion therapy equipment is huge (including more than 100 meters long / 60 meters wide gas pedal), involving gas pedal, biology, imaging, electronics, nuclear physics and many other cutting-edge disciplines, is considered the most advanced tumor treatment system. Currently there are only 16 medical heavy ion gas pedals in operation (including those under construction) worldwide, most of which are located in Japan and Europe. The heavy ion (including proton) therapy equipment companies include Siemens, Varion, Japan's Toshiba, Mitsubishi Electric, Sumitomo, Hitachi and so on.
Seventh, high-end magnetic **** vibration equipment
Also known as medical magnetic **** vibration imaging equipment, mainly used for angiography, cardiology examination. At present, the high-end magnetic *** vibration equipment is mainly mastered in the United States General, Germany Siemens, the Netherlands Philips three companies in the hands. Magnetic *** vibration equipment also involves biochemistry, IT technology, sensors, optics, fluid dynamics and many other interdisciplinary, magnetic field technology, radio frequency technology, imaging technology, etc. have very high requirements, is a test of the comprehensive industrial capacity of an enterprise, but also because of this, the dominant companies in the field are mostly some of the business across a number of industries of the integrated industrial giants, which is known as the GPS of the three major The three major companies known as GPS have a history of more than a hundred years.
Eighth, gas turbine
Mainly used in electric power equipment, industry, aircraft carriers and other fields, its working principle is similar to the aircraft engine, it is because of its huge industrial, military value, so the heavy-duty gas turbine is also regarded as a big country heavy weapon, such as a super gas turbine power generation of Siemens, can meet the demand for electricity in a medium-sized city. At present, the three major companies in this field are General Motors of the United States, Siemens of Germany and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (now Mitsubishi Electric Power) of Japan. The core components of a heavy-duty gas turbine include the combustion chamber, the compressor, and the high-temperature turbine blades.
Ninth, high-thrust military turbofan engines
Compared to civilian engines, fewer countries have mastered high-thrust military turbofan engine technology, and as of now, only the United States, Russia and China. Large thrust military turbofan engine is usually small culvert ratio, accelerated thrust more than 10 tons of turbofan engines, mainly used in heavy combat aircraft, single-engine medium-sized warplanes; and large culvert ratio engine is usually used in the transport aircraft, bombers, the relationship between the country's strategic deterrent power and the development of civil aviation. The most advanced American F135 engine (equipped with the F35 fighter), with a maximum thrust of 19-20 tons, is produced by Pratt & Whitney Engine Company. Major Russian military turbofan engine companies include Saturn and others.
Tenth, ultra-precision bearings/high-end bearings
The types of bearings are very many, known as the "joints of high-end products", there are special bearings in the field of aerospace, there are ultra-precision bearings used in precision machine tool spindle products (P4 level or above), there are heavy machinery bearings, high-speed rail bearings, bearings for semiconductor processing equipment and so on. As a basic industry, bearings play an important role in many high-tech fields, such as the main bearing of the aero-engine is one of the key components of the aero-engine, which has very high requirements for precision, performance, life and reliability. At present, high-end bearing manufacturers are mainly concentrated in Germany, the United States, Sweden and Japan and other countries.