Erp research report can be divided into three parts. First of all, it can describe the purpose of research; Second, it can describe the main content of the study; Third, it can describe the results of the research.
Model essay of Erp research report 1:
Agricultural machinery, industrial electromechanical equipment, complete sets of equipment, power equipment, machine tools, construction equipment, civil electromechanical equipment, large instruments, meters and other special equipment.
Industry introduction
Management characteristics
solution
Related case
Industry introduction
Mechanical manufacturing is an industrial form with a long history. Today, its position as the largest industry is still unshakable. According to statistics, as of last year, machinery manufacturing is still one of the most important industries in China, accounting for about 60% of the total. Machinery industry is the equipment industry of national economy; It is the basis of materialization of science and technology; It is the carrier of high-tech industrialization; Is the foundation of national defense construction; It is an important pillar to realize rapid economic growth; It is also a supply industry that improves people's quality of life and provides consumer mechanical and electrical products. It plays an extremely important role in the quality and efficiency of national economic operation and the adjustment and optimization of industrial structure.
The machinery industry is roughly divided into three parts:
● Machine manufacturing produces mechanical products as means of production. Such as tractors in agricultural machinery; Rolling mills, complete sets of equipment in oil refineries, generator sets and various machine tools in industrial electromechanical equipment; Cars in transportation machinery and equipment, etc. ; Bulldozers, mixers, etc. Construction equipment; Mechanical and electrical products of various household appliances, bicycles, sewing machines and other civilian consumable materials. ; And all kinds of instruments.
● Metal products manufacture various accessories, spare parts, tools, containers, etc. In the means of production, including the metal products in Japanese consumption materials, such as aluminum products, iron wires, standard parts, scissors, etc.
● Repair equipment refers to special equipment for repairing electromechanical devices and metal products.
Description of industry characteristics
Machinery manufacturing mainly changes the physical form of metal raw materials, processes and assembles them, and then becomes products. In a word, as long as it is an industrial field with metal parts assembly as the main process, it belongs to the category of mechanical manufacturing. The main characteristics of mechanical manufacturing production are: dispersion-oriented, process-oriented and assembly-oriented.
Industrial production is basically divided into two ways: discrete and process. Discrete type refers to the way that a single part forms the final product. Because the final formation of its finished product is based on the assembly of parts, assembly naturally becomes the focus; Process type refers to the production mode of changing the shape or chemical properties of some raw materials and finally forming new shapes or new materials, such as smelting, which is a typical process industry. Traditionally, machinery manufacturing is considered as a discrete industry. Although die casting and surface treatment belong to the category of processes, most processes still have discrete characteristics. Therefore, the machinery manufacturing industry is not an absolute discrete industry, and there are still some process characteristics. Specifically, it has the following characteristics:
● The processing technology of machinery manufacturing industry is basically to divide raw materials, then assemble parts one by one through turning, milling, planing and grinding, and finally assemble them into finished products before leaving the factory;
● The mode of production is mainly order production, supplemented by order design and make to stock;
● The product structure (BOM) is complex and the engineering design task is very heavy. Not only the new product development needs to be redesigned, but also there are a lot of design changes and process design tasks in the production process, and the design version is constantly updated;
● The manufacturing process is complex, the processing route has great uncertainty, and there are many kinds of machines, equipment and fixtures needed in the production process;
● Simple and convenient material storage. The raw materials of machinery manufacturing enterprises are mainly solid (such as steel), and the products are also solid, so the warehouses are mostly ordinary indoor warehouses or outdoor open-air warehouses;
● Mechanical manufacturing enterprises are mainly engaged in discrete processing. The quality and productivity of products largely depend on the technical level of workers, while the degree of automation is mainly at the unit level, such as CNC machine tools and flexible manufacturing systems. Therefore, the machinery manufacturing industry is also a
The automation level of personnel-intensive industries is relatively low;
● Long product life cycle and slow upgrading. At present, the average life cycle of more than 2,000 leading products produced by large and medium-sized enterprises in China is 10.5 years, which is 3.5 times that of similar products in the United States.
● The manufacturing cycle of each component in the product is different, and the complexity of the product processing route makes it difficult to manage WIP. In addition, scraps are often produced in the production process, and some scraps can be recycled, so the management of scraps is more complicated;
● Heavy production planning and workshop tasks. Because of the variety of products, many parts and materials, complex processing technology and many uncertain factors affecting the production process, it is difficult to make production and procurement plans;
Generally speaking, products and components are manufactured by a combination of self-made and outsourcing processing. General electroplating, painting and other special processes will be entrusted to a third party for processing.
Industry products:
Industrial processes and equipment:
Management characteristics
The mechanical equipment industry mainly processes metal blanking and sand-turning blanks into parts for assembly, and finally carries out product assembly, joint debugging and quality inspection, and finally forms qualified products. In a word, as long as it is an industrial field with metal parts assembly as the main process, it belongs to the category of mechanical equipment industry. The main characteristics of mechanical equipment manufacturing industry are: decentralized, process and assembly.
Long production cycle, covering the whole process of manufacturing services. The production mode is dominated by orders, supplemented by order design and make to stock. The product life cycle is long, the product is small and changeable, and the design is more. Basically, raw materials and blank parts are turned, milled, planed and ground one by one, parts are assembled, and finally finished products are assembled, debugged, put into storage, delivered from the factory and maintained after sale; There are many variables such as low standardization and complicated contract progress tracking.
Management of product structure and design change The product structure of machinery industry is complex, the design task is heavy, and engineering changes are frequent. When dealing with BOM manually, there are often problems such as "the bill of materials is not updated in time" and "the data of various departments are inconsistent", which are easy to make mistakes, leading to chaotic production order and affecting delivery. In addition, due to the lack of scientific and standardized management of engineering changes, some materials are often dull, resulting in a backlog of enterprise inventory.
Standard technology is not easy to do. Due to the complexity of equipment and personnel in the machinery industry, the processes that should be adopted in actual production often cannot be implemented according to standard processes, and some products are limited by resources such as machines or other special circumstances, resulting in the coexistence of various processing technologies. How to manage it scientifically has become a difficult point in production site management. The production situation is complicated and the field control is not easy. In the actual production process, there are often many uncertain factors, such as rework of products, scrapping of materials and semi-finished products, etc. It is difficult for managers to control the situation on the spot in time.
Due to the complexity of the manufacturing process in the machinery industry, it usually takes several days or even weeks from the beginning of the first process to the completion of the last process. Many parts are distributed in multiple workshops, and information such as how much each process has been completed, how much it has not been completed, how long it will take to complete, how much each process is currently producing, and which process is currently being carried out cannot be obtained accurately and timely. Resulting in excessive work in process and inaccurate accounting. How to solve the control of WIP is a big problem that puzzles managers.
There are many on-site documents and complicated work. The machinery industry needs many processing parts and materials. A large number of purchase requisitions are often needed at the workshop site. For process management, a large number of process transfer documents are needed, which has caused personnel troubles.
Outsourcing is not easy to manage. In machining, there are many special processes that need to be outsourced, or when the customer demand is large, some orders need to be outsourced to relieve the pressure. Traditional manual operation management can't cope with such a complicated situation, which increases the difficulty of work.
Inter-process inspection is very difficult in the production process. In the process of transferring from one process to another, it is often necessary to carry out process handover inspection. The traditional method needs to be recorded manually or after the warehousing formalities. How to scientifically carry out inspection, record and analyze inspection data is a problem faced by quality inspection departments.
Project-based order production mode is difficult for some users in the machinery industry to control. Using project-based production, it is often necessary to determine a large number of special requirements of customers when taking orders, and design, prepare materials, produce and calculate costs according to the project. When manual operation is faced with huge bill of materials and complex production conditions, it often causes problems such as delivery delay, inventory backlog and processing errors.
Management of product structure and design change The product structure of machinery industry is complex, the design task is heavy, and engineering changes are frequent. When dealing with BOM manually, there are often problems such as "the bill of materials is not updated in time" and "the data of various departments are inconsistent", which are easy to make mistakes, leading to chaotic production order and affecting delivery. In addition, due to the lack of scientific and standardized management of engineering changes, some materials are often dull, resulting in a backlog of enterprise inventory.
The management of inventory account is simple and convenient, but it also brings the difficulty of accounting management. The daily change information of inventory is frequent, and it is often impossible to issue materials according to the actual production needs because of the characteristics of material shape and material when picking. Some excess losses and more or less clauses in the production process also cause difficulties in inventory account management. In addition, due to the different emphases of inventory and production management, some materials have double-unit demand. For example, bars such as square steel and round steel are usually measured in kilograms in inventory accounts, but meters are used in design and production.
Procurement and production planning. Due to the long processing cycle of most parts in machinery industry, it is not easy to purchase some raw materials. How to make a reasonable purchase and production plan under the premise of inaccurate sales forecast? That is, responding to customer needs in time, improving customer satisfaction and reducing procurement and inventory costs are big problems that every manager must face.
Cost control For the manufacturing industry, how to reduce the cost to the maximum extent has always been the goal pursued by enterprises. Therefore, enterprises should not only know the cost of a single product, but also know the structure of product cost. Only by knowing the actual cost of products can we analyze the product cost structure and find the key to improvement. However, the calculation of production cost is not simple. First of all, a correct cost collection system must be established to obtain correct cost data. Moreover, in the process of calculating the production cost, there are many projects involved and the calculation steps are very complicated, which not only consumes a lot of manpower and time, but also makes mistakes easily. When the product structure is complex, such calculation is almost beyond the scope of human capacity. Therefore, managers need to get a better and faster way to calculate the actual cost.
Management of quantity and price of raw materials. In the product cost structure of machinery industry, the cost of raw materials accounts for more than 80% of the total cost, so the procurement of raw materials must be strictly controlled. The price of raw materials has been fluctuating, first of all, we must strictly control the price; In addition, raw materials (such as steel) are often available because of their materials, shapes and packaging characteristics.
When the quantity delivered by the supplier is inconsistent with the quantity purchased, the manager needs to record and handle the quantity and price of raw materials in time to avoid affecting production or capital occupation. Management of machinery and equipment, fixtures and measuring tools In the production process of machinery industry, the maintenance and management of machinery and equipment, fixtures and measuring tools are very complicated, especially the information of fixtures and measuring tools and the special equipment used are reflected in the product structure. How to code these machines, fixtures and measuring tools and manage their abnormal information is not an easy task. In addition, some fixture and measuring tool information is a trade secret for some companies, so the management of data security is particularly important. solution
Due to the complex production characteristics of machinery industry, the management of technology and work-in-process is difficult. Simple manual bookkeeping is difficult to meet the needs of scientific management of modern enterprises. Only with the help of management tools such as ERP can these problems be better solved through informationization.
Project product parts selection and configuration AIO7 system provides the function of product parts selection, allowing sales personnel to determine and select some optional parts when taking orders, and provides a number of remarks fields for inputting special requirements. According to the order, the design e-BOM (engineering BOM) is automatically transformed into manufacturing m-BOM (manufacturing BOM) by parameterized virtual parts, and then the material plan of the project is generated. The management of parametric product structure BOM and design change provides R&D department with the function of e-BOM, which is convenient for R&D department to manage engineering BOM, and can also share and convert data with formal production BOM. In view of frequent design changes, Pushsoft provides ECN for engineering change operations. Through the engineering change operation, you can trace back the change records in the version history, print the change vouchers and lists, and facilitate the management of engineering changes. And provide the "BOM expected sluggishness analysis table" to help R&D units prevent material sluggishness caused by engineering changes and control it in advance. Through the perfect combination of MRP and BRP, it can be better applied to planned production and order production mode, which greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of work.
The function of providing multiple process routes for a product. For the same product, AIO7 provides the function of numbering multiple process routes, so that users can enter the standard process routes and auxiliary routes into the system in a unified way, which is convenient for production departments to choose in actual production.
The AIO7 system of interlocking workflow can automatically calculate the production, outsourcing and purchasing plans according to the standard BOM and virtual BOM of the selected parts through MRP system. Whether the materials produced, purchased or outsourced are developed by the same plan, the material progress of the contract can be tracked by a plan number. Purchasing and receiving are based on purchase orders, production and picking are based on the material plan of production orders, and the workshop process is based on the workshop operation plan, which greatly simplifies the workload of operators to enter documents and reduces errors.
Automatically generate the task list of each section. After the production order is further expanded according to the process route, the task list of parts can be automatically generated, and the task list of each workshop can be automatically classified and summarized according to the task list of the same workshop. Workshop planners can apply and distribute directly.
Perfect outsourcing management AIO7 provides two outsourcing methods, namely work order outsourcing and process outsourcing. Work order outsourcing will soon provide raw materials or blanks and processing drawings to the outsourcing manufacturer, who will be responsible for the processing of the whole parts. In the machinery industry, process outsourcing is often to outsource a certain process to an outsourcing manufacturer in the case of heat treatment or insufficient processing capacity of a certain process. The system supports processing fee management and material balance management in this way; The introduction of process outsourcing not only avoids the trouble of inventory management, but also correctly handles accounts payable.
Workshop work order and circulation management, strict work-in-process control, parts processing often needs to go through multiple processes, and there may be outsourcing or temporary changes to the production line. Using the Pushsoft workshop management subsystem, you can perfectly control and master all kinds of information of the production line. Collect, record, summarize and sort out the information of raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products, machines, working hours and costs, and track and control the ongoing manufacturing operations, including real-time monitoring and tracking work in progress; The functions of partial transfer and partial subcontracting are provided, which can accurately record the number of processes such as process input, completion, maintenance, maintenance completion, inventory gain/loss, scrapping, etc. Inventory at the production site; Machine productivity; Information such as personnel efficiency. And make statistical analysis of various processes,
Generate relevant management control reports and feed them back to the production planner and field controller, so as to fully grasp the production progress and further improve the management level and work efficiency.
In order to improve the working efficiency of employees, general machinery manufacturers will set a standard working hour quota for workpieces, and adopt piecework or quota hourly wages for processors. Various forms of unit price or working hours can be defined on AIO7 process route to meet the operation mode of single-piece pricing and small-unit contracting. At the same time, the workshop processing work ticket is used to collect the processing quantity and quality data of employees. The application of bar code on the work ticket can capture the start and end time of machining and the information of the operator in time, and also reflect the machining progress of the workpiece as quickly as possible, which is convenient for the workshop debugging personnel to arrange the workshop machining plan reasonably. AIO7' s process handover inspection quality management system not only includes the traditional quality control inspection of receiving materials, warehousing after completion and subcontracting, but also provides the function of inter-process handover inspection, which can print inspection sheets as inspection basis according to preset inspection items and other materials, and record inspection results for further analysis.
Contract Tracking and Plan Tracking Through the sales order tracking table, the whole process of a contract from receiving orders, designing, placing orders, purchasing, blanking, workshop processing, assembly and assembly is tracked. Track the process of application, purchase, acceptance, receipt and replenishment through the purchase order tracking table; Track the process of ordering, blanking, workshop processing and parts inspection and warehousing through the "production order tracking table"; Track workshop operations such as turning, milling, forging and grinding through workshop operation tracking table; Track the arrival of assembled parts and purchased parts through the "Assembly Completion Table" and record the distribution of parts.
Cost collection and control AIO7 cost unit divides costs into: material cost, labor cost, manufacturing cost and external processing cost. The cost calculation method adopts the step-by-step method of batch system, which can calculate the production cost for each work order, and can also calculate the production cost of each stage of semi-finished products step by step for a final product. For the allocation of labor and expenses, flexible settings are provided to adapt to various complex situations. Most of the sources of basic data are entered into the system by the operators of various departments in their daily business, and relevant information is automatically collected and summarized by the system at the end of the period. Free financial personnel from complicated manual work such as data collection and cost allocation, provide managers with contract product cost information more quickly and accurately, and improve the management decision-making level of enterprises.
Before the after-sales service products are completed and put into storage, the system requires that the "serial number" be entered for important key parts to form a product key part card, which is convenient for after-sales quality tracking. At the same time, the quality of after-sales service is scientifically guaranteed from the integrated after-sales service process of repair, dispatch, loan, guarantee and settlement.
Management of machines, equipment, fixtures and measuring tools AIO7 system provides an equipment asset management subsystem, which can comprehensively manage the purchase, improvement and revaluation of equipment assets. For fixtures, automatic coding can be set to add new product numbers conveniently, and it can also be included in the path of BOM as a resource of scheduling unit or as a reference in production.
Model essay 2 of Erp research report:
K/3ERP Information Management System Project Investigation Report and Implementation Plan Kingdee Software China Co., Ltd. System Implementation Department February 2008 Project Client Party A Ningbo _ _ _ _ _ _ Project Developer Party B Kingdee Software China Co., Ltd. /3 Ningbo _ _ Electronics Co., Ltd. 2 Project Content Ningbo Kingdee K/3 ERP Management Information System.
1. K/3ERP project of Ningbo _ _ _ Electronics Co., Ltd. established and improved a complete set of public * * * relational data platform shared by all departments within _ _ _ Electronics Co., Ltd., so that all business personnel in the whole company can obtain all kinds of information they need within their own authority, and then process it and store it in the database for other relevant personnel to use. Full data * * * enjoyment. Through the implementation of the system, the ERP management information system of the whole company will be realized within the scope stipulated in the sales contract, and the balance between customers, suppliers and other partners and _ _ Electronics, and the balance between departments and employees will be realized, and finally _ _ Electronics Co., Ltd. will realize the comprehensive balance of resources in all aspects of the enterprise. Thus, K/ 3ERP system can create the greatest economic benefits for _ _ _ Electronics Co., Ltd., and distribute the configuration of Kingdee K/3V 10.4 system ERP management information system for Ningbo _ _ _ Electronics Co., Ltd. Industrial version product name K/3Usage license general ledger, statements, cash management, salary, cash flow statement, fixed assets, accounts receivable, accounts payable, procurement, sales and warehousing. Inventory accounting management 12 production data management 2 production task management 2 material demand planning management 2 workshop operation management 2 actual cost system 6544 Ningbo _ _ _ Electronics Co., Ltd. ERP management system implementation plan Party A Kingdee ERP management information.
The system is planned to be implemented from February 2008. The system will create a new K/3ERP 10.4 industrial account set. Ningbo _ _ _ Electronics Co., Ltd. Party A KingdeeK/3 Ningbo _ _ _ Electronics Co., Ltd. requires that the whole system be implemented as soon as possible to meet the urgent needs of financial, production and business work of Ningbo _ _ _ Electronics Co., Ltd. for computer management. According to the business characteristics of Party A, Party B's implementation consultant of Kingdee Software China Co., Ltd. made a detailed investigation on Party A's business, planning, production, technology and financial processes, and after serious discussions with many business and financial personnel of Party A, reached the following implementation plan of computer management system. See annex 1 for the overall implementation plan and project implementation plan 1 for the overall plan. The new A/C set will be implemented on February 25th, 2008, and the trial operation will start for two months from the third phase of 2008. The on-site implementation time is 40 days, and the implementation strategy is "overall planning, overall investigation and comprehensive implementation". The whole implementation process is carried out in strict accordance with the four-step process of Kingdee's rapid implementation. That is, the project preparation blueprint design system realizes the four-step operation of acceptance and delivery. Master plan: Each step has a specific implementation plan and corresponding implementation documents and confirmation documents. The running data of each module must be checked by hand and computer, and then the whole system will be settled at the end of the month normally. The first month's trial operation ended on April, 2008 10. After all the data of a month's trial operation are correct, the whole system will be transferred to the fourth stage. The whole K/3ERP management information system passed the acceptance test successfully. From April 2008 1 1, the system began to run in parallel for the second month. May 2008 10 completed the grid-connected operation in the second month. The system has been successfully transferred to the fifth stage in 2008, running well and the data is correct, reaching the acceptance confirmed by both parties in the research report.
After the standard is completed, both parties shall summarize and accept the implementation of the project. After acceptance and delivery, the whole project is completed. Starting from the fifth phase of 2008, the whole computer management system will run normally, and the system will enter the stage of one-year free operation and maintenance service. 2. With the consent of Party A, the system is set to "No Negative List". 3. The valuation method of materials is "weighted average method". The warehousing management of raw materials, auxiliary materials, semi-finished products and finished products adopts "FIFO batch management". The initial batch is "open", and all other materials are not subject to batch management. 4. The classification and coding scheme shall be prepared by Party A according to Party A's regulations, and Party B shall give guidance. See the electronic classification coding scheme for details. 5. Quality Inspection Since Party A did not purchase the "Quality Management Module" in the first phase of the project, Party A's quality management business was handled manually outside the ERP system. 6 After negotiation, both parties agree to re-establish the K/3 10.4 version of "New Account Set of Ningbo _ _ _ Electronics Co., Ltd.". 7. The "quantity and amount account" is not set in the financial system of Party A's new account set, and a second-level subsidiary ledger is set according to the material category. 8. In order to ensure the integrity and uniformity of system data, the month-end closing time is unified to the last day of each month. 9. In order to better handle the opening estimation account, it is necessary to enter the opening estimation receipt document at the beginning after discussion and agreement by both parties. When future purchase invoices arrive, they will be cross-checked with estimated receipt documents in purchase management to generate "accounts payable". KingdeeK/3 Ningbo _ _ _ Electronics Co., Ltd. 4 10. In order to ensure the normal operation of Party A's K/3ERP system on schedule and reduce the risk of Party A's investment in ERP projects, the project implementation is divided into three steps. The first step: from February 25th to March 20th, 2008 10, complete the initialization setting, basic data preparation and import into the system, business process confirmation, opening balance entry and system. Step 2: From March 2008 1 1 to April 2008 10, use the online operator training system to solve the problems in operation. After the first month's trial operation of the system is completed, stage summary and stage acceptance will be carried out. The third step is to conduct management training for the middle and senior leaders of Party A from April 2008 1 1 to May 2008 10, and complete the trial operation of the system in the second month. After the trial operation is successful, both parties make a project summary and acceptance of the whole system, and deliver the system to Party B's service department to continue to serve Party A. Note: When will the ERP system of Qingdao Company be implemented? Party A will determine the implementation time after the successful trial operation in the first month. Party A's implementation consultant will implement the ERP system of Qingdao Company according to the implementation contract signed by both parties. The implementation time of the master plan will end at the same time as that of Ningbo Company. 1 1. The system training adopts a combination of centralized training and on-site training to ensure that all operators of Party A can skillfully use the K/3 system to complete their daily business work. 12. In order to ensure the stable operation of the system after it is delivered to Party A, Party A must appoint a chief system administrator to be responsible for the daily maintenance, authority setting and guidance to operators of the whole system. Each department must designate a system administrator to be responsible for the daily business maintenance of the department. 13. The basis of ERP operation is "the correctness of product BOM". In order to ensure the long-term normal and stable operation of the electronic ERP system, Party A must assign a full-time product BOM maintainer to handle the addition, modification and maintenance of the product BOM. 14, in order to input data timely and accurately after the ERP project is put into production, a set of operator operation rules and regulations is specially formulated, which rewards diligence and punishes laziness.
The above is what Bian Xiao shared today, and I hope it will help everyone.