(2) Spindle components. It consists of spindle motor, spindle box, spindle and spindle bracket. Its starting, stopping and rotating actions are all controlled by the numerical control system, and it is a power output component for cutting through the tool installed on the spindle. Spindle is the key component of NC machining center, and its structural quality has great influence on the performance of machining center.
(3) Control system. The NC system of NC machining center consists of NC device, programmable controller, servo drive device and motor. They are the control centers for CNC machining centers to perform sequential control actions and complete operations.
(4) Servo system. The function of the servo system is to convert the signal from the numerical control device into the motion of the moving parts of the machine tool, and its performance is one of the main factors that determine the machining accuracy, surface quality and production efficiency of the machine tool. CNC machining centers generally adopt three control modes: semi-closed loop, closed loop and mixed closed loop.
(5) Automatic tool changing device. It consists of a tool magazine, a manipulator and a driving mechanism. Tool magazine is a device for storing tools used for machining workpieces. There are many kinds of tool depots, such as disks, hats and chains, with capacities ranging from several to dozens. When the tool needs to be replaced in the machining process, according to the instruction of the numerical control system, the tool is taken out of the tool magazine by the manipulator (or in other ways) and loaded into the spindle. According to the relative position and structure of tool magazine and spindle, the structure of manipulator has many forms. Some CNC machining centers use the motion of headstock or tool magazine to change tools without manipulator. Although the tool changing process, tool selection mode, tool magazine structure and manipulator type are different, tool selection and tool changing are all realized by motor, hydraulic or pneumatic mechanism under the control of numerical control device and programmable controller. When the contact sensor is installed in the mechanism, it can also realize the measurement of tool and workpiece errors.
(6) automatic pallet replaced the system. In order to further shorten the non-cutting time, some CNC machining centers are equipped with two automatic workpiece exchange trays, one installed on the workbench for machining and the other located outside the workbench for workpiece loading and unloading, which can reduce the auxiliary time and improve the machining efficiency.
(7) auxiliary system. Including lubrication, cooling, chip removal, protection, hydraulic and random detection systems. Although the auxiliary system does not directly participate in the cutting movement, it plays a decisive role in ensuring the machining efficiency, machining accuracy and reliability of the NC machining center, so it is also an indispensable part of the NC machining center.