Artificial earthworm farming is an emerging business, it has a wide range of uses, high economic value. It can be used as protein feed for livestock, poultry, &127;fish, etc. Earthworms can be used to deal with urban organic waste, turning waste into fertilizer, eliminating organic waste pollution of the environment. Earthworms can also be used to improve the soil, fertilization and other effects. In addition, there are many medicinal values, the extraction of "earthworm kinase", "amino acids", as a raw material for light industry, the production of cosmetics and skin care agents. Earthworm manure is a high quality fertilizer, a soil conditioner, and can be used as a fertilizer for planting flowers, vegetables and other crops. Earthworms are very versatile and can be used for experimental purposes in both rural and urban areas of China.
Earthworms 2700 kinds
There are many kinds of earthworms in the world, there are about 2700 kinds of earthworms. There are more than 160 kinds of earthworms in China, and the ones widely distributed in the country include the ring worm, the Aisheng worm, the foreign-lipped earthworm, the Dula worm, and so on. Before you start to cultivate earthworms in captivity, it is important to know what kinds of earthworms there are? Which are wild species? Which ones are not suitable for captive breeding? Which species are suitable for captive breeding? Once we have a clear understanding of the issues, we can choose the most suitable species for artificial culture.
Introduction of several species of earthworms suitable for captive breeding
William's earthworms are commonly known as green earthworms. The earthworms are from the family of giant earthworms, and the genus Annelida. The body length is 150-250 millimeters, and the width is 8-12 millimeters. At sexual maturity, the average fresh weight is 5.2 grams per worm, and the body color is greenish yellow or grayish green. The egg packets are pear-shaped, with one or rarely two young worms per egg packet. These earthworms swallow a lot of soil, making them a kind of earthworm. This kind of earthworm is a kind of soil earthworm. It likes to live in the vegetable land or fodder land, likes to devour the fertile soil, and has strong wild habit, &127; Hai'an County, Jiangsu Province, has this kind of earthworm which is suitable for artificial cultivation. South China Normal University in Guangdong Province, the Department of Biology selected "Sen ring hairy earthworms" suitable for artificial culture (Beijing ring hairy earthworms,&127; individual large, wild habits, not suitable for artificial culture). The "Sam Huanhao Earthworm" selected by the Department of Biology of South China Normal University in Guangdong Province, is suitable for artificial culture. It is the dominant species in Guangdong Province. Individuals are large, body length 120-240 mm, width 6-12 mm, fresh weight of about 20 grams each, greenish-gray, per square meter can be collected earthworms 10-20 kg. In addition, Guangxi, Fujian and other provinces (autonomous regions) are distributed, also suitable for artificial culture.
Red earthworms (can eat garbage environmentally friendly earthworms) red Aisheng earthworms commonly known as red earthworms, classified in the family of earthworms, Aisheng earthworms genus. It is a fecal earthworm. They are small, generally 90-150 millimeters long and 3-5 millimeters wide. At sexual maturity, the average fresh weight is 0.50 grams per worm. The reproductive zone is at the X segment. The body color is purplish red with a pale yellow tail. Ovipositor is small, oval, extended at both ends and slightly shorter and more pointed at one end, with 3-4 larvae in each ovipositor, as few as 2 and as many as 6. &127;This earthworms like to swallow all kinds of livestock manure, dumping fertilizer strong, in the rotting manure pile or pulp sludge can be found, is belong to the dung earthworms, suitable for artificial breeding. (1)Beijing Striped Earthworms Beijing local species. It belongs to the category of fecal earthworms. It is selected and bred by Soil Fertilizer Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences from the wild red earthworms. The body length is 100-60 millimeters and the body width is 4-6 millimeters. Fresh weight averages 0.70 grams per worm, and the largest reaches 1.8 grams. The stripes are distinct, and the reproductive zone is at the X segment. Highly adaptable, high reproductive rate. &127;Likes to devour pulp sludge, livestock feces, mushroom sludge, etc.. Requires 70%-80% feed humidity. It is a good local breed in Beijing, suitable for artificial breeding. (2)Beixing 2 Introduced variety. It belongs to dung earthworm. Introduced from Hokkaido, Japan by Tianjin Science and Technology Commission in 1979. Body length 90-140 mm. Body width 3-5 mm, fresh weight about 0.5 g per worm. Reproductive zone is in XXV-XXXIII section, the reproductive period is 70-90 days, it likes to swallow livestock feces, and it is strong in dumping fertilizers. It is suitable for artificial cultivation. It belongs to dung earthworms. (3)Chongqing Chizi Aisheng earthworm is selected and bred by Chongqing No.1 Normal School, suitable for artificial breeding. (4)Meishan red earthworms are selected and bred by Chongqing No.1 Normal School and are suitable for artificial culture.
Back-darkened heterozygous earthworms are found in Beijing and Dezhou. Body length 90-260 mm, width 3-6 mm, fresh body weight 0.7-1.3 grams each. The annulus is saddle-shaped, in segments XXVI-XXXVI. Body color is dark corn or gray-brown. It prefers to live in organic matter-rich and moist soil, and is a suitable species for artificial breeding, but the reproduction rate is low. In addition, the Hebei Provincial Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute selected the "different lips earthworm" can reproduce, but the reproduction rate is not as good as the red love wins the earthworm.
Earthworm feeds Types of earthworm feeds Earthworms
Feeds
Preparation of earthworms
Feeds
The quality of the feeds is the key to the success of the earthworms. The preparation and fermentation of feed is the important material basis and technical key to earthworm farming. The speed of reproduction of earthworms is largely determined by the feed prepared. If the feed is well fermented, rich in nutrients, and has the right C/N ratio (between 20-30), earthworms will grow faster and reproduce at a higher rate. If the feed is well fermented (especially if chicken manure, rabbit manure, pig manure, sheep manure, etc. are used as raw materials), it will result in the death of earthworms or low reproduction rate. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the preparation and fermentation of feed. Earthworms feed from a wide range of sources, all non-toxic organic material, after fermentation, can be used as feed for earthworms. There are many types of earthworm feed. There are animal feces, such as horse manure, cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure (nitrogen feed) and so on. There are a variety of plant organs, such as straw, wheat straw, corn stover, leaves, wood chips (carbon feed), in addition to watermelon rinds, rotten tomatoes, sugar aldehyde residue, bagasse, rotten fruit and so on. There are a variety of agricultural products processing by-products, such as wine lees and beer dregs, etc.; all can be used as vermicompost. All of them can be used as feed for earthworms. Earthworms require a variety of nutrients for their growth and reproduction, and the main nutritional indicator is the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N). At present, the artificial cultivation of "North Star 2" earthworms, carbon and nitrogen requirements between 20-30, the protein in the feed can not be too high, but too high will be harmful to earthworms. Protein decomposition produces a foul odor and ammonia, which is detrimental to the growth of earthworms. Therefore, nitrogen feeds should not be used alone, and must be combined with carbon feeds to keep the C/N ratio between 20-30. Carbon feeds should not be used alone, as they are not nutritionally complete and are not good for earthworms' growth and reproduction. The basic principle of feed mixing is: the ratio of carbon and nitrogen should be reasonable, generally 60% manure, 40% grass. Try to have a variety of feeds. Earthworms are omnivores and require nutrient-rich organic material. The fast or slow reproduction of earthworms is largely determined by nitrogen nutrition, especially effective nitrogen.
Earthworms are fed on fully fermented organic wastes, such as livestock waste and straw. These organic wastes must be fermented in a heap, earthworms can swallow and utilize, not fully fermented feed, as the feed of earthworms, earthworms will make a large number of deaths. Therefore, the fermentation of feed, is the key to artificial earthworm farming, the general organic waste after three or four times of turning the heap after rotting, can be used as feed for earthworms.
Feed preparation and fermentation (1) Fermentation of the feed, earthworms are omnivorous annelids. Earthworms are omnivores and like to eat humified plant organic matter, or fermented animal and poultry manure, organic waste should be fermented.
Before fermentation, the animal and poultry manure used, such as horse manure or pig manure, should be sprinkled with water and crushed; if crop straw, such as rice straw or wheat straw, it is better to use a guillotine cutter to cut it into 6-9 centimeters in length, and then pour water on it and mix it evenly so that it is sufficiently wet and then begin to pile up on the ground.
The method of piling, using a layer of straw, about 20 cm thick, a layer of livestock manure, about 10 cm thick, and fully sprinkled with water, the moisture content of 50% -60%. Pile up layer by layer, and so on, pile up 1 meter high or so, the length is not limited.
When piling materials, the requirements of the pile of loose, do not compact, in order to facilitate the propagation of high-temperature bacteria, the top can be covered with plastic sheeting, in order to achieve the purpose of heat preservation and moisturizing.
Turn the heap once in 15 days or so, turn the top of the heap to the bottom, around the heap turned to the middle, and the heap of manure material loose mixing, add water to improve air conditions and moisture to promote microbial reproduction and heap maturation purposes.
The process of forage rotting, is the use of microorganisms to decompose organic matter, is the biochemical process of matter,; can be roughly divided into three stages.
(1) pre-cooking period (sugar decomposition period) the pile of organic waste after 3-4 days, the carbohydrates, sugars, amino acids, proteins, etc. by the use of high-temperature microorganisms, the temperature can rise to 50-60 degrees Celsius, about 10 days, the temperature began to fall, half a month or so, you can turn the heap 1 time, and add water to maintain moisture in the water between 60% -70%, while improving air conditions. At the same time, improve the air conditions.
(2) Fiber decomposition period This period of high humidity and low temperature fermentation stage, the moisture content of about 70%, cellulose bacteria began to decompose cellulose, after half a month or so, turn the heap 1 time and add water.
(3) after the ripening period (lignin decomposition period) mainly by the mushroom bacteria involved in the decomposition of the fermented material for the black-brown fine pieces; lignin is decomposed in the fermentation process, a variety of micro-organisms interact with the emergence of the ashes, the number of micro-organisms tends to decline, the microbial remains of earthworms is also a good feed.
(2) the identification of the feed casting test decay standard: well-decayed feed, black-brown, no odor, soft texture, not sticky and not stagnant, said that the decay
In order to be cautious, take part of the feed into the earthworm bed, and then put on the 20-30 earthworms in the bed; if the earthworms quickly into the bed, do not climb out, that the feed has been sufficiently cooked, in line with the taste of earthworms, can be used. If the feed is well cooked and meets the taste of earthworms, it can be used.
If the earthworms do not want to enter the feed or escape, it means that the feed is not fully cooked, and should continue to ferment before use
Earthworms in the world
Earthworms, also known as the "ground dragon", commonly known as the "qu", is a well-known link in the small animal, where there is soil, such as the courtyard, in front of the house, the roadside, the shore, the field, etc., there are all the places where it lives, so that it can be said to be the case. It can be said to be everywhere. According to the Ming Dynasty Li Shizhen explained: "earthworms line also, this and after stretching, its hunchback like a hill, so the name earthworms." Ancient books (Rituals * Moon Festival) has "the month of summer earthworms, the month of mid-winter earthworms knot" records, vividly and graphically describes the habits and growth patterns of earthworms. In animal taxonomy, earthworms belong to the order Trichopoda, Oligochaeta. It has two kinds of aquatic and terrestrial, with terrestrial earthworms and human beings are closely related. Although the earthworm body slimy, ugly, people often disdain; but its life, but quietly, diligently for the human gum cultivation, as early as 1882, Darwin said, earthworms play an important role in mixing the soil, they are constantly through their bodies to a large number of subsoil exposed to the air, and these soils piled up in the mouth of the hole, so that the delicate mixture of substances to the surface layer. . Pointed out the role of earthworms in the reformation of soil fertilizer . China's working people have long been in the habit of using earthworms as feed, such as digging earthworms from the field to feed chickens and ducks; or in the turning of the land will be the chickens and ducks grazing, allowing them to search for earthworms. However, with the development of livestock, poultry and aquaculture, the shortage of feed, especially protein feed, has become a more prominent contradiction. For this reason, the earthworm farming industry has been started in various countries. Earthworms are rich in protein. According to the analysis of earthworms, the dry body of earthworms contains 61.02% crude protein, and the crude fat content is higher than that of fishmeal. It is clear that the rise of artificial earthworm farming is a new way to provide protein feed. Earthworm manure is an excellent organic fertilizer, according to analysis, containing 0.82% of total nitrogen, 0.80% of total phosphorus, 0.44% of total bet, 29.93% of organic matter. In addition, earthworms have a wide range of food, can be used to deal with garbage, turning harm into benefit; can also be made into medicines. With the development of industrial production, earthworms can also be used as raw materials for canning, food, cosmetics and so on. In short, the artificial rearing of earthworms is a simple method, and can be localized, according to the actual situation, according to the local conditions to develop the earthworm farming industry.
Chinese earthworms
There are more than 2,000 kinds of earthworms that have been discovered and named in the world. In Australia, there is a kind of earthworm called "giant earthworm", more than 9 feet long, the longest even 15 feet. China's vast territory, rich in earthworm resources, there are four families: earthworms, chain stomach, giant earthworms, tongue, *** more than 140 species of earthworms, of which more than 100 species of the ring hairy earthworm genus. In China Emeishan Wannian Temple area, there are 2-3 feet long earthworms. In Wuxi, there is a kind of earthworm called "Doula earthworm", which is 2.4 feet long. In Suzhou and Wuxi, the Hedgerow earthworm is about 3 feet long, while the common earthworm is only 3 inches long. On the glaciers of the Tibetan Plateau, you can also see a kind of ice earthworms, they are in the ice and snow according to the occasional pollen blowing a little tenacious survival. Most parts of China, from the red soil in the south to the loess area in the north, in addition to saline soil and arid desert areas, other types of soil are distributed. According to preliminary estimates, there are about 30,000-60,000 city pounds of earthworms per square kilometer, which is several times more than the total population in the same area.
Earthworms were first cultured in captivity in New Zealand and the United States. In the last decade or so, due to the rapid development of industry in all countries of the world, "three wastes" of pollution to bring great harm to the people, the experimental research, people found that earthworms are to deal with the "three wastes" of the "cheap labor", thus attracting the attention of the relevant parties. After New Zealand and the United States, Japan, Canada, India, Myanmar, the Philippines, and Taiwan Province of China have started to cultivate earthworms. The rapid development of earthworm farming has gradually led to the factory and commercialization of earthworm farming. According to earthworm farming experts estimate: the United States existing earthworm farms, every day can deal with 150 tons of garbage; in Japan, the quarterly proliferation and its manure up to 2,000 tons; a German immigrant farmed earthworms in Canada, & 127; can eat 20 tons of garbage every week, and harvest the same amount of earthworm manure, and then use these earthworm manure mixed with mud moss and fine sand, packaged and shipped to the various places of nurseries, greenhouses, supermarkets and department stores, and then the earthworm farms in the United States and Canada. The earthworm manure is then packaged and shipped to nurseries, greenhouses, supermarkets, and department stores, where it is popular as a fertilizer for flowers. In recent years, China's Taiwan Province of vermiculture development is also quite rapid. At present, one of Taiwan's more successful export projects is earthworms, in 1977-September alone, 32.000 tons of fresh earthworms were supplied to the Middle East, and a new species of earthworms, THE-RETI-MA, was bred, with a reproduction rate of more than 15,000 times, i.e., it can reproduce once every six hours. In the past two years, China's Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Hebei, Shandong, Jilin, Fujian, Beijing, Tianjin, Sichuan, Hunan, Xinjiang and other provinces and municipalities have begun to artificial cultivation of earthworms. Tianjin also introduced a set of earthworm factory equipment from Japan, by Japanese experts to guide the production of earthworms. According to the preliminary estimate of Jinshan County, Shanghai, more than 1,000 counties in the country have raised the Japanese earthworm "Taihei No. 2". At present, in Jinshan County, Chongming County, Chuansha County, Shanghai City, there are three kinds of earthworms in captivity ***, in addition to the local red Aisheng earthworms and William ring hairy earthworms, but also imported from Japan "Taihei two" earthworms.
Artificial earthworms and the development and utilization of the boom has swept the world, now some countries breeding and development and utilization of the following examples:
The United States earthworms in the United States to develop artificial culture of earthworms in the early time, and now large and small earthworm farms have been spread throughout the country. According to the U.S. News and World Report (September 22, 1997), it was unanimously agreed that "earthworm farming is a triple whammy". In recent years, the earthworm farming industry in the U.S. has begun to flourish again, and they have given high praise to the earthworm farming industry, saying that earthworm farming is a very good industry, and that it is "a profitable industry, a guardian of health, and a contributor to environmental protection". Currently, there are about 300 large-scale vermiculture enterprises in the United States, and in recent years, the "International Earthworm Farmers Association" was established. Some vermiculture companies are focusing on "global" and "local" environmentalism, utilizing earthworms to dispose of waste in the backyards of major cities. It's expected that by the year 2000, the amount of backyard trash sent to landfills in big cities will be cut in half. They organized a group of 1,200 city residents who were given earthworms by ticket to dispose of their household garbage in order to reduce environmental pollution. A Chambers Earthworm Farming Company sells 4,000 pounds of earthworms a year at about $20 a pound, making it a very profitable business. On the streets of New York State in the United States, there's a roving vendor that specializes in earthworm poached eggs. The large box costs $17.99. The small box costs $7.99 and has now become a favorite food of New Yorkers. American scientific experts, on the comprehensive utilization of family farming earthworms to make the following evaluation: "the use of earthworms to deal with family organic waste, purify the residential environment, for the family to provide a high-quality fertilizer (vermicompost) used as planting flowers, planting vegetable fertilizer, for those who like to home gardening, has a special value ....................." There is a farmer in the United States, using compost to raise earthworms, 60 consecutive years of harvest, the crops planted in the high yield, low cost, economic benefits are very good. An American earthworm expert wrote a monograph on earthworms in 1977, reviewing the biology, physiology, ecology, habits and soil improvement of earthworms, and describing the experiences of 19 farmers who raised earthworms for agriculture and horticulture. Japanese earthworms In the 1970s, a Japanese delegation was sent to the United States to learn about earthworm farming. By the 1980s, earthworm farming had spread throughout Japan. There were more than 200 large-scale earthworm farms. In Shizuoka Prefecture, a 16,500-square-meter earthworm farm was established in 1977, where earthworms are used to process organic waste and pulp from paper mills. It processes 3,000 tons of organic waste per month and produces earthworm feed additives. The Hyogo Prefectural Earthworm Breeding Plant raises one billion earthworms to meet the needs of the people who breed earthworms, and uses them to process 100,000 tons of sludge from food factories and fiber processing plants, turning the waste into fertilizer. In Hokkaido, a test site for recycling organic waste has been established, and the purpose of the test is to utilize the waste to be converted into protein to satisfy the needs of the people in an attempt to change the food structure of the Japanese people and to increase the amount of protein. The method is as follows:
Rice husks are crushed, sugar equivalent to 2% of the husk's weight is added, mixed well, sterilized, and then inoculated with mushrooms to produce mushroom protein. The remaining mushroom residue can be used to feed cattle, and the beef produced is very popular among the public. Cow dung is mixed with sawdust and fermented to produce earthworms, which are used to raise chickens, ducks and fish. The earthworm manure and chicken manure are then used to fertilize the field to grow rice. With an investment of only 200 million yen, this kind of recycled agriculture is expected to pay off in two years. As a result of the rapid development of earthworm farming in Japan, a national earthworm association has been established with more than 1,500 members to promote the development of earthworm farming in Japan. Prof. Tsutomu Mihara of Miyazaki Medical University in Japan has succeeded in extracting protease from earthworms, which can be used as a substitute for urokinase and is an effective treatment for myocardial infarction and cerebral thrombosis.
Canadian earthworms, French immigrants Claude Claude, to the Ontario Department of the Environment, the application, the use of earthworms to deal with municipal waste, the production of organic fertilizers (vermicompost), and then mixed with some peat processing, as a horticultural crop nutrient soil, shipped to all parts of the world, and get a better economic benefits.
Earthworms in Britain
November 19, 1982, Britain's (Daily Telegraph) reported: research on farms to eat earthworms, entomologist Dr. Lewis on the earthworms evaluation is: farms to eat earthworms, it is as nutritious as a steak, earthworms contain about 70% of the body protein, and contains a variety of amino acids, fatty acids, minerals and vitamins. He also used earthworms to feed pigs and livestock experiments, confirmed that the use of earthworms to feed livestock can be long fat, with earthworms as fish feed, the fish fed more delicious than the general commercial fish. The UK produces 42 million tons of cow manure every year, which can pollute the environment if not treated. By using earthworms to process one-third of this dung, about 300 million pounds worth of protein can be produced, which can be used as a supplement to feed. This is the same amount of money we spend on imported protein. Earthworm manure is a good fertilizer for horticultural crops, and it is thought that captive breeding of earthworms is a promising business. The famous British earthworm expert Edwards, author of the book (Earthworm Biology), carried out trials in 1980 at the Lausanne Experimental Station in the United Kingdom, where earthworms processed organic wastes (hunter manure) to convert them into protein feed. (Overseas Science and Technology News) reported in No. 14, 1988: Animal feed production from hunting manure in the UK. The British Complutense company, has set up a use of earthworms to deal with hunting manure factory, the use of earthworms to deal with solid hunting manure into protein feed, used to feed fish and poultry, earthworms manure is a high-quality fertilizer, can be competitive with industrial fertilizers. The plant has the capacity to process the manure produced by 100,000 pigs, of which there are 900,000 in the Hende region, and there are plans to build 12 plants over the next five years, with the Holderness plant employing 40 people to do the work. The plant will eliminate the environmental pollution caused by pig manure, and earthworms are a high-protein alternative to fishmeal and soya, which are used as feed.
Italian earthworms
Vermiculture in Italy has become an emerging industry. Twenty years ago, a vermiculture company was established near Florence, with 16 hectares, the largest vermiculture farm in Europe, which is engaged in the breeding of seed worms in California, which are constantly supplied to vermiculturists all over the country. The company also undertakes the breeding of earthworms for the treatment of cattle manure in livestock farms, breeding earthworms for protein feed for livestock and poultry; the earthworm manure produced is sold to France as a fertilizer for flowers and nutrient soil. Another use of earthworms is the treatment of urban and rural garbage, which is done by building a tower for garbage, filling it from the top of the tower, fermenting it, putting earthworms into the garbage, and after 2-3 months, separating the harmful substances and humus from the bottom of the tower and recovering the metals, plastics, and glass. Italy's Licabi city, the use of earthworms to deal with waste is, first of all, the organic waste and inorganic waste separate, organic waste after fermentation, put into the earthworms, 20,000 earthworms per square meter, after a period of time after the earthworms to deal with the original organic waste into the vermicompost, the nutrient content than ordinary fertilizer is much higher, and then use the vermicompost as a fertilizer for wheat, peas, and the effect of yield is extremely significant, the value of per square meter of earthworms is as much as $ 1 million, and the earthworms are used as fertilizer, and the effect is very significant. The value of earthworms per square meter is 8,000 francs, which is very profitable, and because of the profitability of earthworms, farmers are very happy to raise earthworms. German earthworms In Germany, it is popular to use earthworms to process household food scraps and remove kitchen waste, which is then transformed into humus and used as a high-quality fertilizer by earthworms. The method is: in the residential balcony, set up a length of 90 cm, 60 cm wide, 30 cm high wooden box, filled with 2/3 of the soil mixed with shredded paper, and then put in 500-1000 earthworms, every 2-3 days, pouring a kitchen food waste to feed earthworms, earthworms swallow organic waste, its feces and sand mixed with humus, and then used for planting flowers to beautify the environment. Because of the simple method of raising earthworms, high profits, there are already thousands of enterprises engaged in this business, in Germany has formed a new industry. 1989 reported that Germany began to raise a kind of earthworms (California red earthworms), used to deal with household organic waste, as long as the cost of 20 U.S. dollars, you can buy a box of red earthworms (800 per box), used to deal with household garbage such as leaves, fruit peels, peels, and other organic waste, and then used to plant flowers and landscaping. The earthworms turn this waste into humus, and some people also use them as food (chopped earthworms with salt and pepper), which tastes like eggs.
Soviet earthworms The Soviet Union's agricultural magazine, reported in 1984: the use of earthworms to deal with organic compost, each party in the compost, inoculated with 5,000 to 30,000 earthworms, after 3-4 months, can be made of vermicompost, the application of such vermicompost, can improve crop yields and pits the ability to disease, the color of the fruits bright, appearance and quality are improved. Vermicompost is also suitable for flowers, fruit trees, vegetables and other row crops. Dutch earthworms Dutch Piton earthworm farming company, the use of earthworms to deal with municipal waste, the company has 16 million earthworms, the use of labyrinth systems breeding earthworms reproduce quickly. The method is: build an octagonal earthworm pond with a diameter of 11 meters and a height of 30 centimeters; put in 50 tons of garbage and 2 million hungry earthworms, and after about 90 days, the organic waste can be converted into highly efficient fertilizer. Forty octagonal vermicomposting ponds can process the waste of a city of 50,000 people, according to research conducted by soil expert Wambiste of the Agricultural University of the Netherlands. Earthworms in the Philippines (World Agriculture), 1984, 10, reported that vermiculture has been standardized in the Philippines. Vermiculture companies generally provide seed worms to earthworm farmers, who sell their harvests to the companies for export or domestic processing and consumption. Currently, as many as 50,000 people are raising earthworms, which are considered to be waste-processing machines that devour all organic wastes. Seven species of earthworms are currently farmed. One of them is of Chinese origin, and the Lunin State University is engaged in experimenting with its own species of earthworms. Some charitable organizations are convinced that earthworm farming is a good solution for low-income Filipinos.
Earthworms in Spain In some areas of Spain are experimenting with the promotion of red earthworm farming, this farming industry, small profits, is a farmer's "way of making money", the development of red earthworm farming, can be a combination of waste disposal and soil fertilization, so far in Spain has set up 15 earthworm farms. In the town of Areis del Rey, in the region of Catalonia, an experimental vermiculture farm has been established, and the use of earthworms to treat urban organic waste has yielded significant results. Humus treated with earthworms can be sold on the market for more than 2 dollars per 600 grams. The humus is a good fertilizer for planting flowers. In the city dumps, the smell is very bad, but the earthworms can eliminate the bad smell. Indian earthworms
(Beijing Evening News)
(Jan. 12, 1995) reported that India is using earthworms to deal with mountains of garbage in the city, with the help of a kind of local earthworms, which are placed in garbage pits or garbage bins. The worms then feed on the garbage and produce a fine, crunchy compost. Australian earthworms(Beijing Evening News)
(Beijing Evening News)
Australian environmental experts have come up with a way for families to digest their garbage locally. Specialized in making a box-shaped iron box with many small holes at the bottom, put it into a shallow pit with soil and earthworms. After removing glass, plastic, metal, and fishbone from household garbage, the leaves, breadcrumbs, peels, and leftovers are thrown into the box, and the earthworms enter the box through the holes to eat the garbage, and the earthworms eat the garbage as they excrete it, and the garbage is consumed as it is consumed, and then when the box is full, the box will be inverted, and the earthworms' feces and garbage will be dumped into the pit together, and then after a period of time, the pit will be full, and the worms can be taken out as It can also be used as a fertilizer for flowers or for growing vegetables.
China's new earthworm exhibition room
China imported the "Taihei No. 2" earthworm and the "North Star No. 2" red earthworm from Japan in 1979. The two earthworms introduced from Japan belong to the same group of red earthworms. They are characterized by high adaptability and high reproduction rate, and are suitable for artificial culture. Since 1980, China has been carrying out experiments and popularization in all provinces (autonomous regions) and cities in the country. In the same year in Shanghai, held a collaborative meeting of earthworms. In October 1982, the Ministry of Agriculture in Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, Regional Animal Husbandry Research Institute, held a workshop on earthworms. 1983 in Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, held a national symposium on earthworms, participated in the meeting on behalf of more than 150 people. Now there are more than 600 counties in the country, to carry out artificial earthworm farming work. The National Earthworm Conference pointed out that: artificial earthworm breeding is suitable for "self-propagation, self-support, self-use" policy, do not blindly buy a large number of species of earthworms, in order to avoid economic losses. The way out of artificial earthworm farming, is to carry out comprehensive utilization, breeding earthworms as chickens, ducks, bullfrogs, eels and beetles, etc. protein feed, earthworm manure as vegetables and flowers fertilizer or as feed additives. Now China's research on artificial culture of earthworms, experiments, breeding and development and utilization of the situation is described as follows:
Tianjin earthworms
City Science and Technology Commission from Hokkaido, Japan, the introduction of the "North Star 2" red earthworms, *** there are 500,000, respectively, in the Tianjin Feed Research and Shuanggang brigade for artificial culture of seed test work, the purpose of which is the use of earthworms to deal with swine manure, cow manure, chicken manure, as well as urban organic waste. The aim is to utilize earthworms to process pig manure, cow manure, chicken manure and organic waste. The purpose was to use earthworms to process pig manure, cow manure, chicken manure and urban organic waste. The purpose was to obtain a large amount of earthworm protein feed, as well as to convert urban organic waste into high-quality fertilizers (vermicompost), which were then used to plant flowers and grasses for the purpose of beautification of the city, and at the same time to achieve the elimination of organic waste and to reduce the problem of pollution of the environment, and the success of the introduction of the identification of seeds was convened in 1980.
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences earthworms
Soil Fertilizer Research Institute Yang Zhenji, Tan Zhengying and other researchers, in 1980, began to engage in earthworms in the organic waste, waste into fertilizer, thereby eliminating the problem of organic waste pollution of the environment, earthworm manure as fertilizer for flowers and other crops in order to be able to beautify the city's research work. Northwest Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences earthworm
Huang Fuzhen researcher, long engaged in earthworms to improve the soil research, engaged in earthworms from the refinement of anticancer drugs --- "Furnaikang" drug research. Sichuan earthworm
Animal Society, on March 27 to 30, 1982, held in Chongqing, earthworm farming and comprehensive utilization of the Symposium, the country's 15 provinces (autonomous regions) municipal earthworm scientists to participate in the General Assembly, and put forward more than 60 papers and summary report, compiled into a collection of essays (earthworms breeding and utilization), and in 1984 by the Chongqing Publishing House published. This book summarizes the scientific research results of earthworms in China in recent years. It mainly introduces the growth, development, reproduction, ecology, zonation and utilization of earthworms. It mainly introduces the growth, development, ecology, ecosystems, species selection and improvement, feed formulation and processing, breeding techniques, breeding density and management techniques of earthworms. It is also rich in information on the use of earthworms to treat organic waste, feeding earthworms to fish, shrimp, pigs, chickens, quail and the medicinal value of earthworms.
Shanghai Museum of Nature earthworms Chen Saiying comrades, long engaged in the earthworm species research, and with the Hai'an County Feed Research Institute and the Shanghai Institute of Fisheries Research, collaboration, to carry out the earthworm breeding and utilization of research. Jinshan Earthworm Science Committee, in 1980, "Daping 2" red earthworm artificial culture test, and soon in the county to promote the 22 earthworm breeding test site. Using earthworms to feed chickens and ducks, the effect of yield increase is remarkable. Jiangsu Haiding earthworms in 1986 in the county to promote artificial culture of earthworms and earthworm seed selection work, that the local ring hairy earthworms and "Qutang No. 1" red earthworms, can be used as a local artificial culture species. Researchers in the county 7366 earthworm farming households, to carry out a virtuous cycle of ecological agriculture research, the use of cow manure, breeding earthworms, earthworms fed to chickens and ducks, earthworm manure and chicken manure fed to pigs, pig manure production of biogas, biogas residue, fed to the earthworms and planting mushrooms, and carry out multi-stage recycling. This will greatly improve the economic benefits.
Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences Animal Research Institute of earthworms in the 1980s, the introduction of open-air red earthworms 0.5 tons, the treatment of cow manure test, earthworm farming area of 4.05 acres (acres of non-statutory units of measurement, 1 hectare = 15 acres, the same below), the total output of earthworms 11,642 kilograms of the whole year, the annual proliferation of 20 times. Researchers believe that the production cost of artificial earthworms is low, only 0.99 yuan per kilogram, and that earthworms can be used as protein feed for livestock and poultry. Shandong Laiyang Agricultural College earthworms to carry out research on high-yield earthworm farming technology using earthworms instead of imported fishmeal, earthworm manure instead of part of the energy feed used to feed pigs, chickens, fish and other experiments. Using open-air earthworm farming methods, earthworms up to 5253.9 kg per mu; using plastic greenhouses breeding earthworms, earthworms up to 15,000 kg per mu of good results. Using earthworms to feed tilapia test, yield increase is extremely significant. Shenyang Agricultural University earthworms
Cui Yuzhen and other researchers, engaged in the breeding of earthworms to deal with organic waste research experiments, they believe that the breeding of earthworms is an effective way to increase the source of organic fertilizers, and that the use of organic waste breeding of earthworms, earthworms reproduction, earthworms are high-quality fertilizer manure, nutrient content, earthworms can be used as a high-quality protein feed. Chen Zujian and other researchers from the Department of Bioengineering at the Central China University of Science and Technology, the use of low-level animals to deal with agricultural waste, maggots, snails, earthworms and other recycling.
The Department of Earthworm Environmental Protection of Tsinghua University, Hu Xiuren and other researchers, in 1985-1989, engaged in earthworms to deal with organic waste test, that breeding earthworms to deal with municipal garbage, the process is simple, does not require special equipment, investment is not much, there is no secondary pollution, can be one of the methods of treatment of municipal garbage. With social benefits, environmental benefits and economic benefits, relying solely on earthworms to deal with a huge amount of garbage is difficult to achieve must be adapted to local conditions, with ecological engineering, biological engineering, to carry out the comprehensive utilization of a variety of business or the use of rural towns and cities of the surplus labor force, decentralized farming, there is a more significant economic benefits. Chongqing Division
Earthworms Yue Qingquan and other researchers, in 1981, to carry out the Sichuan Meishan red earthworm selection and breeding experiments, that the local Meishan red earthworms have the characteristics of: good cohabitability, stable production performance, in the province has a clear distribution area, strong resistance to disease, a certain value of the local varieties, should make full use of local resources. It is possible to crossbreed Meishan red earthworms with imported red earthworms to produce new varieties with higher yields. In addition, the use of earthworms to extract "sericulture" test, the results proved that: in the mulberry leaves after spraying sericulture, can improve the silkworm's ability to resist disease, and can increase the eggs and silk, thus increasing the production of silk, improve the economic benefits. Beijing Shuangqiao earthworm farm comrade Fang Tian, the use of pig, cow manure earthworm farming almost 20 years of history. He has rich experience in artificial earthworm farming, and has been raising earthworms for more than 20 years.