Treaty of Nanjing August 1842 Britain
Main Contents
1. Hong Kong Island was ceded to Britain
2. Compensation was paid to the British in the amount of 21 million silver dollars
3. Five ports of entry were opened to the Chinese trade - Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai
4. The rate of duty on imported and exported goods collected by Chinese customs from the British had to be agreed with the British
Effects
1. The tariff rates were to be agreed with the British side
Impact
1. The beginning of China's transformation into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society
2. The main contradiction between the landlord class and the peasantry class was transformed into the contradiction between foreign capitalism and the Chinese nation, and the contradiction between feudalism and the masses of the people
3. The conflict between foreign capitalism and the Chinese nation became the most important conflict
4. From then on, the Chinese people shouldered the dual revolutionary task of opposing foreign capitalist aggression and feudal rule in their own country
5. China entered the period of the old democratic revolution
Five-port Treaty of Commerce and the Treaty of Humen 1844 Great Britain
Main Contents
The seizure of the right of consular jurisdiction from the Chinese people, the unilateral grant of most-favored-nation status and the establishment of the Treaty of Humen in the commercial sector. The Treaty of Wangxia and the Treaty of Huangpu 1844 The United States and France
Main contents
Acquisition of more aggressive rights and interests
The Treaty of Tianjin Summer 1858 Russia, the United States, Britain and France
Main contents
1. >2. 10 additional commercial ports were opened along the coast and the river
3. Foreign warships and merchant ships were allowed to navigate in the Yangtze River ports
4. Foreigners were allowed to travel, trade and preach in the interior of China
5. The Qing government compensated the British and French for the expenses of 2 million taels of silver each, and compensated the British for the loss of 2 million taels of silver. p>
Main contents
1. The Qing government recognized the validity of the Treaty of Tientsin
2. The opening of Tientsin as a commercial port
3. The cession of a district of Jiulongshi to the British
4. The indemnification to the British and the French was increased to 8,000,000 taels of silver each
The *** same effect as the Treaty of Peking
The Qing government was beginning to be controlled by the powers. The Qing government began to be controlled by the great powers, and the reactionary forces of China and foreign countries openly colluded with each other to suppress the resistance of the Chinese people
China's semi-colonialization and semi-feudalization deepened
Treaty of Beijing 1860 Russia
By the 1880s, Russia had appropriated more than 1.5 million square kilometers of territory in northeastern and northwestern China
Treaty of Shimonoseki 1895 Japan
The Treaty of Shimonoseki 1895 Japan Main contents
1. Cession of Liaodong Peninsula, Taiwan and its affiliated islands, and Pescadores to Japan
2. Compensation for Japan's military expenditures amounting to 200 million taels of silver
3. Opening of Shashi, Chungking, Suzhou, and Hangzhou as ports of commerce, and allowing Japanese ships to sail along the inland waterways into the ports of the above ports
4. Japan could invest in and set up factories in the ports of China, and its products could be exported to the Chinese mainland. The mainland is exempted from the mainland tax
Effects
1. China's territory and sovereignty suffered further serious losses
2. Since then, the imperialists scrambled to divide the sphere of influence in China, and set off a frenzy to divide up China
3. Forced the Qing government to make a big political borrowing from the great powers
4. The opening of new trade routes allowed foreign invasion forces to penetrate further into China's interior
5. Allowing Japan to invest in China and set up factories expanded its capital export routes to China, which seriously hampered the development of Chinese national capitalism
6. The degree of semi-colonialization of Chinese society deepened considerably
The Treaty of Hsinchu, September 1901, between the United Kingdom and the United States of America, Russia, Japan, France, Germany, Italy, and Austria
The Main Contents
1. Compensation of 450 million taels of silver by the Qing government to all countries, to be repaid in 39 years, with principal and interest*** amounting to 980 million taels
2. Compensation was secured by China's tariffs and salt duties, and China's tax revenues were subject to a greater degree of foreign control
3. 4. the dismantling of the forts from Beijing to Dagu, and the granting of permission to all countries to send troops to guard strategic places along the railroad line from Beijing to Shanhaiguan
5. the punishment of officials who "fought" against the Great Powers during the Boxer Rebellion, and the banning of the Chinese people from setting up and participating in anti-imperialist organizations of any kind for good
6. the change of the government's policy on the Boxer Rebellion.
6. Changing the Premier's Office into the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which was placed above the six ministries
Impact
This embassy sector became the occupation of the capital city of the Great Powers
The Qing government became a complete tool of the imperialists to dominate China and suppress its people
The Great Powers could tighten their control over the Qing government through diplomatic channels
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Listed below are some of the treaties that the Chinese government, or most Chinese people, consider to be unequal.
The Sino-Russian-Mongolian Entente (June 7, 1915, China and Russia, signed at Chaktu, Outer Mongolia)
The Treaty of the Fourth Minzu (Article 21) (May 25, 1915, China and Japan, signed at Beijing)
The Manchurian Boundary Treaty (Dec. 20, 1911 (Xuantong 3), China and Russia, signed at Manchuria)
Renewal of the Sino-British Treaty of Tibet and India (April 27, 1906 (Guangxu 32), signed at Beijing)
Positive Treaty of the Sino-Japanese Conference of the Eastern Provinces (December 22, 1905 (Guangxu 31), signed at Beijing)
Treaty of Simchou (September 7, 1901 (Guangxu 27), signed at Beijing)
The Treaty of Simchou (September 7, 1901 (Guangxu 27), signed at Beijing) Signed: Beijing)
Treaty of Canton Bay (Dated: November 16, 1899 (Guangxu 25); Signed: Canton Bay; China and France)
Special Article for the Lease of Weihaiwei (Dated: July 1, 1898 (Guangxu 24); Signed: Beijing; China and Great Britain)
Special Article for the Expansion of Hong Kong's Boundary Sites (Dated: June 9, 1898 (Guangxu 24); signed: Beijing; China and Great Britain)
China-Russia Treaty on the Lease of Brigantine (March 27, 1898 (Guangxu 24); signed: Beijing; Renewal of the Treaty on the Lease of Brigantine signed in Petersburg, Russia, May 7, 1898)
China-Germany Treaty on the Lease of Jiaoao (1898 (Guangxu 24)) March 6, Beijing; China and Germany)
Chinese-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (July 21, 1896 (Guangxu 22), signed in Beijing)
Chinese-Russian Secret Treaty (June 3, 1896 (Guangxu 22), Moscow)
Treaty of Shimonoseki (April 17, 1895 (Guangxu 21), Shimonoseki, with Japan)
Chinese-British Conference Tibet-India Articles (Calcutta, India, March 17, 1890 (Guangxu 16); additional revision: Darjeeling, December 5, 1893)
Chinese-British Treaty of Yantai (Yantai, 1876 (Guangxu 2); China and Great Britain)
Chinese-Japanese Treaty of Peking (Beijing, October 31, 1874 (Tongzhi 13)
Chinese Sino-Russian Treaty on the Survey of the Northwest Boundary (Talbahadai, October 7, 1864 (Tongzhi 3)
Chinese-German Treaty of Commerce (Tianjin, September 2, 1861 (Reigns 11)
Treaty of Beijing
Russian-Chinese Treaty of Beijing (Peking, November 14, 1860 (Reigns 10)
Treaty of Beijing between China and France (Beijing, 1860 (Reigns 10)
The Treaty of Beijing between China and France ( Beijing, October 25, 1860)
Treaty of Beijing between China and Britain (Beijing, October 24, 1860)
Treaty of Tianjin
Treaty of Tianjin between China and France (Tianjin, June 27, 1858)
Treaty of Tianjin between China and Britain (Tianjin, June (Tianjin, June 26, 1858)
Treaty of Tianjin between China and the United States (Tianjin, June 18, 1858)
Treaty of Tianjin between China and Russia (Tianjin, June 13, 1858)
Treaty of Aigun between China and Russia (Aigun, May 28, 1858)
Statutes of the British, French, and American Leaseholds in Shanghai ( Shanghai, July 5, 1854)
China-Russia Statute of Commerce of Talbakatai, Ili (Ili, August 6, 1851)
Treaty of Whampoa (Whampoa, France, October 24, 1844)
Treaty of Wangsha (Wangsha, U.S.A., July 3, 1844)
The Treaty of Wangsha (Wangsha, U.S.A.)
The Treaty of Aihun (Aihu, China, July 28, 1858) Wangxia)
Treaty of Humen (October 8, 1843 (Daoguang 23), with Great Britain, Humen)
Treaty of Nanking (August 29, 1842 (Daoguang 22), with Great Britain, Nanking)
In 1917, the unequal treaties were abrogated between Germany and Austria-Hungary for having become hostile to China in the First World War.1917 The Soviet Union voluntarily renounced its privileges in China (not fully honored afterwards, and no territories gained by the treaty were returned). 1943 The United States and Great Britain voluntarily renounced their privileges in China. In 1943, the United States and Great Britain voluntarily renounced their privileges in China, while Italy and Japan lost their special status when they became hostile to China in World War II.
After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the government of the People's Republic of China did not recognize all previously signed unequal treaties ? 9.18 is considered by most netizens as a day of national shame!
Western Zhou's King Yu's lawlessness led to the washing of the royal palace.
Han Gaozu's 300,000-strong army was trapped in Baideng for seven days, and only managed to escape by bribing Boldun's Xiongnu.
The Western Jin Dynasty ended when Emperor Huai was captured by the Xiong Nu and Emperor愍 surrendered. The first dynasty to be destroyed by foreigners.
Shi Jingtang was willing to be a "child emperor"
The Song Dynasty was defeated by the Jin and Yuan Dynasties
In the Ming Dynasty, the Japanese conquered southeastern China. Except for the mainland, which was partially recovered, the other islands were incorporated by Japan to the present day.
Ming was destroyed by the Later Jin Dynasty, which "kept the head but not the hair, and the hair but not the head".
Modern shameful events, shame ......!
The quality of contemporary Chinese people is so despised by foreigners that foreign Chinese are ashamed to recognize themselves as Chinese.
The Yuanmingyuan incident, the Nanjing Massacre
Ranked fifth Five Hus Rebellion
This can be said to be the first time that China endured a large-scale invasion of foreigners, the royal family moved to the south, the people of the Central Plains suffered charcoal, which is the history of the first north-south confrontation, which led to the result, from the Xia, Shang and Zhou through the Spring and Autumn Periods and the Warring States Periods, and then the Qin and Han Dynasties, until the Wei and Jin Dynasties of the end of the Chinese civilization of the last dynasties. Even the ethnic composition changed dramatically. It was a turning point in the course of civilization. From the Eight Kings' Rebellion until the Sui Wendi's destruction of Chen to unify China, this nearly three hundred years, ethnic feuds, court mutinies, endless, chaotic, in which the history of tyranny and cruelty. At first, those nomadic people to the Han, extremely oppressive insults can be, modern we curse words, such as "lazy, scoundrels," and so on is that era passed down, the original in the hearts of those foreigners admire the "heavenly Han" has long been The "heavenly man" that was once admired in the hearts of those foreigners has long since been replaced by "lazy man, scoundrel". It is a shame. This also led to the uprising of Ran Min. Fortunately, the sky does not kill my China, due to the blood of the Chinese at that time, heroic resistance, so that the foreign nation to re-concerned about my Chinese, which produced the so-called "Sinicization". Only then did the reforms of Emperor Xiaowen and Empress Wenming of the Northern Wei Dynasty come into being. Only then began to Chinese civilization-based cultural integration, before that, I do not know how many people died. But the Xianbei aristocrats compared to the Mongolian Manchurian Qing Dynasty afterward, after all, open-minded, long-term vision. They inherited the essence of China, while maintaining the strengths of their own people, and at the same time imported the Buddhist civilization, creating a transformed civilization ?d?d Chinese Middle Ages civilization. However, after the Sui and Tang dynasties, the Medieval Chinese civilization inherited part of its essence, and there were many unique things that still disappeared. For example, many splendid and brilliant ancient myths, thus we now look at the many allusions to nouns in the Ch'uei and do not know what to make of them. There is also the sword production method and its bearing the "sword way" also in the Sui and Tang dynasties slowly lost. Nomads did not use swords in war. And Japan through the Eastern Han Dynasty until the Six Dynasties of learning and absorption, gradual development, and now it has become their "national essence". Now we can only imagine this kind of fantastic weapon through the historical facts and fictional martial arts stories before Sui and Tang dynasties.
Ranked 4th The Second Opium War
I have always had a question. My high school history book says that the war was started by Britain and France who wanted to gain greater profits in China. I also read a lot of information, and there is no mention of anything about opium, so why call it the Second Opium War? First of all, let's take a look at the First Opium War, which was actually a trade war, waged by the British in order to gain the right to trade, that is, for the sake of equality in trade, and not for the sake of handing over to the Qing government to pay compensation for the opium money, still less for the sake of selling opium legally. To put it bluntly, opium was just a pretext. It wasn't opium, it would have been for something else. And our history books specifically call this war the Opium War in order to make our country even more moralistic. And the second Opium War had the same purpose, just asking the Qing government to open up more y and give them most-favored-nation status, and since there was an Opium War and the same purpose, let's call it the Second Opium War, another moral victory. Because at first glance it sounds like two wars fought over open drug trafficking.
And its cause is that, because after the first Opium War, the Qing government to take the tactics of the Yanggongyi, violation of the contract, secretly prevent trade with Europe, so that the British and French trade can not be carried out, the British and French infuriated, and find two reasons to go to war. This forced the Qing government to sign the Treaty of Tianjin. According to this should end here, but the Xianfeng Emperor could not stand, that damage to the face of the dynasty, and tasked the monks Greenheart ambushed the British and French ministers who came to the Dagu port to change the treaty. He killed a number of them on the spot with cannons, which is what high school history books call a great victory, and seized a dozen or so envoys who had gone to negotiate, and the Qing court thought that as long as they captured the leader of the bandits, the rest of the army would surrender without a fight. In this way, Britain and France boarded the land, straight to Beijing to kill, Xianfeng fled to the hot river, and those detained messengers alive only a few people left, and then what happened, will be known, Britain and France in order to demonstration to the Qing government, the fire burned down the Yuanmingyuan.
This battle can be called a great shame. There are two aspects: the first aspect, the British and French forces can be described as cruel and ferocious to the extreme, was massacred in the capital of the people can be said to be countless, the Qing dynasty spent hundreds of years of people's fat and wealth to build up the Yuanmingyuan, the Wanshouyuan (the predecessor of the Summer Palace) was burned down by a fire. And more heartbreaking is stored in the two parks, Manchu emperors for generations from the folk scavenging from the paintings and antiques, porcelain, most of them are very fine, our country is now lost overseas national treasures, many of which is the Yuanmingyuan. There are also a large number of, from the Kangxi until Xianfeng, spared no expense, made out of handicrafts. (To be honest, I do not like the Qing Dynasty and its buildings and crafts, especially furniture, decorations, clothing, workmanship, although and its exquisite, materials and expensive, but very complicated and vulgar. And one of the best is the Forbidden City, most of the buildings inside the Qing Dynasty. Can be said to be unbearable, simply can not be compared with the atmosphere of the Han Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty's majestic, the Song Dynasty's elegant, the Ming Dynasty's simplicity.) But after all, they are national treasures. After this burn, can be called the Chinese civilization of the catastrophe.
The second aspect: the sneak attack and the seizure of the British and French Minister of the practice, extremely no credibility, making my China in the eyes of foreigners into a barbaric country without credibility, and then won the fight even if it is not good enough to fight, and finally be knocked down but also have to talk to, simply lose face. So the second opium war, in many ways called shame, some suffered shame, but also have their own to do, of course, Britain and France are not good people, but its burning of the Yuanmingyuan, but also partly due to the stimulation of the sneak attack and the seizure of the Minister. All in all the sharp turnaround in the West's impression of our country begins here.
Ranked third The Battle of the First Sino-Japanese War
This, needless to say, is a well-known disgrace. But what chills me to the bone is that before the war, Japan's entire nation, actively preparing for war. Up to the imperial family, Emperor Meiji diet, the Empress sold jewelry. Down to the common people, prostitutes donated money for prostitution, and soldiers, who were conscious of eating only one meal a day because the Emperor ate only two, tried desperately to save money to buy the Yoshino. At that time, Meiji's slogan was that if King Goujian could lie down and taste the guts, he could do the same. This reminds me of the story of the nation's scrimping and saving, which was used to buy airplanes and cannons, and an apple in an elementary school language book in the fight against the United States and in support of Korea.
After this war, assorted Japan quickly rose, and the oldest empire, accelerated the decline. And the improvement of the Qing Dynasty failed miserably, part of the people awakened, and realized that to save China can only overthrow the Qing Dynasty a method. Later, after the Hundred Days' Reform, the Gengzi National Rebellion, and the so-called "New Deal" of the Qing Dynasty when despair. Finally, the Xinhai Revolution broke out and overthrew the Qing Dynasty. To be honest, I think improvement is better than revolution, gradual progress is always more stable and easy to accept than sudden change. However, the Manchurian aristocrats were so stubborn, narrow-minded and short-sighted that they couldn't let go of their interests. The Xinhai Revolution was a last resort. It can be said to be the most in line with the standards of the Tangwu Revolution.
Again, I always feel that those countries around China that are y influenced by Chinese culture will intensify their insults and aggression against China when China is weak, and these countries looked up to China for a long time in ancient times and studied China in depth. These countries have long looked up to China in ancient times and studied China in depth. In recent times, they have been influenced by Western culture, and it is quite difficult for China to deal with these countries. For example, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Indonesia, etc. There's also a Taiwan.
Ranked second in the list, the Kashen national tragedy
In 1644, Chinese civilization became extinct. What's left is only four hundred years of Tatar civilization, and nowadays, in the eyes of the people and outsiders, the Chinese civilization is the Tatar civilization. This is certainly thanks to Zhang Yimou's movie, numerous Qing dynasty dramas, and Tang costumes. But this is where our disassociation with the real Chinese civilization began. It is true that the development of Chinese civilization towards the end of the Ming Dynasty was problematic, and the problems were serious, as exemplified by the fall of the Ming Dynasty. Though there was providence, such as fifteen consecutive years of drought. This led to drought and locust plague all over the Central Plains, and there was no harvest. Thus leading to Li Zicheng suppressed but not destroyed. But man-made disasters are also very deadly. Zhu Ming's tradition of widowhood and meanness, Chongzhen's headstrong and self-opinionated, and the internal strife of the Southern Ming. Centralized society, has developed to a dead end. Is already on the verge of change, internal improvement and reform, although not yet mature, there are still a lot of reflections of the early Qing Dynasty, is stimulated by the death of Ming, but has been the first hint of the end.
If injected like the Sui and Tang Dynasty as bold blood, that is not impossible. But history has chosen the worst possible ending. Li Zicheng Zhang Xianzhong stream, only the equivalent of Huang Chao, the result is certain, will be defeated. But China's most divided and cut once more, not yet dead world. The Southern Ming Dynasty was at best another North-South Dynasty, another Song-Jin confrontation. At least it preserved Chinese civilization. But the Manchurian Qing Dynasty is completely based on luck. After entering the customs, on the one hand, they are extremely arrogant, on the one hand, they are extremely inferior. And arrogance and inferiority complex are complementary to each other, thus after a series of bloody measures, Chinese civilization was killed in their hands. Until now, it produces to look at China before the Song Dynasty to Japan, to look at China before the Qing Dynasty to Korea, this kind of thing.
Ranked first Jingkang disaster
This is the most humiliating page in Chinese history, when the Jin soldiers attacked Tokyo, the entire Zhao Song royal family except one person were all captured north, and that the lucky escape of the emperor son is Zhao Jung, and the captured north of the bureaucrats and their families are countless, and most of them were sold as domestic slaves, and some of the low-grade brothels of the prostitute is even the prime minister's daughter. The loss of culture was even more incalculable. The Jin people were very barbaric in the Jingkang era, killing and robbing everything in sight. The accumulated cultural wealth of the Song Dynasty was burned and looted, which was a great catastrophe for Chinese civilization. And this is also China by the West to catch up, and even backward, set the ambush.
It was also the cause of various historical tragedies. Even more sadly, the Ming Dynasty did not inherit the splendor of the Song Dynasty, which led to the national tragedy and the extinction of the Chinese heir. And it was during that period that Japan turned from worshiping Chinese civilization to reflecting on it, and by the way, many arts and cultures such as sumo wrestling, the tea ceremony, flower arranging, polo, etc. disappeared at that time as well.
Buckle up for life"
Safety is one of the key areas of supervision by the party and the government, and the introduction of the Work Safety Law, the reform of the national safety supervision system, and severe penalties for violations of the law have received widespread attention. However, the situation of production safety in China is still grim, with many accidents in coal mines and other high-risk industries. In accordance with the medium- and long-term goal of production safety, by 2007, China will have established a more complete safety supervision system, the national production safety situation will steadily improve, the key industries and areas of the accident-prone situation will be reversed, the number of deaths in accidents in industrial and mining enterprises, coal mines million-ton mortality rate, the death rate of 10,000 vehicles on the road traffic and other indicators will be reduced by a certain margin.
Children can afford to go to school
In 2004, China's average number of years of education for the population over 15 years old was 8.3 years, exceeding the world average by one year. However, only 7.2% of education employees have received higher education, and the investment in education is still seriously insufficient. 2006, the popularization and consolidation of compulsory education in rural areas will become the top priority of education work. Financial expenditure on education will increase more than financial expenditure, teachers' salaries and per-pupil public funds will gradually increase, and problems of immediate concern to the people, such as poor school conditions, operational difficulties and arbitrary fees, will gradually be resolved. By 2010, the population coverage rate of nine years of compulsory education will be close to 100 percent.
Seeing a doctor's heart comfortable
The past five years, China's medical and health care breakthrough rely on the government's single development model, is the fastest period of development since the founding of New China. But the medical system, there are still many obstacles to the mechanism, public medical institutions one-sided pursuit of economic interests of the tendency is serious, minor illnesses, "big prescription", "indiscriminate examination", difficult to see a doctor, expensive to see a doctor has become a strong reflection of the problem. 2006, the pilot surface of the new rural cooperative medical system will be expanded to include a new type of medical care. In 2006, the pilot surface of the new rural cooperative medical system will be expanded to 40%, the masses of the phenomenon of poverty due to disease, poverty will be further curbed; the State will implement the necessary funding to support the construction of rural health centers and county hospitals, to provide farmers with safe, inexpensive basic health care services; the development of community health services will provide basic medical services for low-income people in the city to protect.
Water and meat at ease
In 2005, in order to strengthen pollution control and ecological protection, to promote the prevention and control of pollution in key watershed areas, and to focus on solving the serious health and safety of the people's health of environmental pollution, especially water pollution, air pollution and other issues, the state closed 15 waste of resources, pollution of the environment, small enterprises, the implementation of industrial pollution sources to meet the deadline for discharge. In 2006, letting people drink clean water and breathe fresh air has become one of the important goals of governments at all levels. The country has made it clear that by the end of the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", China's energy consumption per unit of GDP than the end of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" to reduce by about 20%, the construction of an environmentally friendly society has become more and more the whole society **** knowledge.
Supporting the "umbrella"
In the first 10 months of 2005, China's cumulative total of 8.8 million new urban employment, "Tenth Five-Year" period to achieve the goal of 40 million new urban employment has been achieved ahead of schedule. However, China has entered the peak period of growth of the working-age population, and in the next few years, the gap between the supply and demand of labor will still reach 13 to 14 million people each year. In the future, enterprises will not be allowed to focus on pushing surplus personnel into society, and the State will also establish an employment-oriented indicator system for vocational education and training institutions. "During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, 45 million new jobs will be created. Some discriminatory employment agreements will be banned. Optimizing the employment environment has become one of the key elements of the government's work.
Home ownership
In 2005, under the unified deployment of the State Council, a number of departments joined forces to regulate the real estate market, and the market order has improved. But for ordinary people, the price of commercial housing is still "high". With the central stabilization of housing prices policy implemented one after another, the real estate market will curb investment, control investment, guide reasonable consumption, stabilize housing prices in the direction of the expected goal, speculative home-buying behavior will be curbed, low- and middle-income groups of the housing problem will get more attention, housing prices will be in a wider range of the people docking.
Old age
Statistics show that the country's social insurance premiums for retirees have increased 119 times in 19 years. But at present, China's public **** pension coverage accounts for only 15 percent of the total population, a part of the retirees living in dire straits, the rural elderly basically do not enjoy social security. With the continuous improvement of the basic pension insurance system for enterprise workers, and with a focus on the participation of non-publicly owned enterprises, urban self-employed businessmen and flexibly employed persons, the scope of basic pension insurance coverage will be gradually expanded. The state gradually realize the pension insurance personal account, more and more people will live a life of old age, medical care.
***Enjoying the fruits of development
China's people's life in general has made a historic leap from subsistence to well-being, but the poorest people, who account for 20 percent of the country's total population, now earn or consume only 4.7 percent of the income, while the richest people, who account for 20 percent of the total population, earn or consume as much as 50 percent of the income. 2006 will see the government start by adjusting the national income distribution system and the structure of the country's fiscal expenditures. distribution system and the structure of state financial expenditures to establish a system of support and protection for agriculture, so that public **** services will benefit farmers; in the future, new financial resources will be focused on the countryside, agriculture and farmers, and the rate of growth will be much higher than the rate of growth of fiscal recurrent revenues; the development of the western part of the country, the revitalization of the old northeastern industrial bases, and the promotion of the rise of central China, and other strategic initiatives, will also accelerate the **** the same affluent pace.
Migrant workers get their wages in time
With the Party and the government attaching great importance to the issue, actions to clear the arrears of migrant workers' wages have been launched one after another around the country. As of September 2005, a total of 141 billion yuan, or 75.82 percent of the total amount in arrears, had been paid for projects completed before 2003 nationwide. However, the phenomenon of disregarding and infringing on the interests of migrant workers still occurs from time to time, and the working environment has yet to be fundamentally improved; in 2006, it has become incumbent upon governments at all levels to make sure that migrant workers receive their wages in full and on time. With the state to effectively strengthen the supervision of enterprises, owners will be further standardized behavior, under construction and new projects will be curbed in the phenomenon of wage arrears; farmers into the city to work in a more relaxed environment.
More quality of life
Statistics show that the average rate of urban and rural residents traveling in China has reached 84.8 percent, and cultural products are also greatly enriched. However, compared with the rising spiritual and cultural needs of the people, the cultural service network is still very unsound, and the high ticket prices of some attractions still make the people "shy away from the scenery. 2006, so that ordinary people can afford to see the scenery, to enjoy a better quality of life, leaving the government with more space for reflection and efforts. With the promotion of cultural system reform, the people will enjoy the increasingly perfect cultural services; in the countryside, theaters, cultural centers, libraries and other facilities for the popularity of farmers will be the traditional concept of daily life greatly expanded.