Wen, deputy director of the Science and Technology and Industrialization Development Center of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, recently made a comprehensive interpretation of the "Several Opinions".
Wen pointed out that compared with the requirements of developed countries and green development, China's construction industry still has a big gap and shortcomings. First, high consumption. The annual consumption of cement, glass and steel in building construction alone accounts for about 40% of the global total consumption, and the heating energy consumption per unit area in northern China is twice that in Germany. Second, high emissions, the annual emissions of construction waste alone reach more than 2 billion tons, accounting for 40% of the total solid waste in the city, and the carbon emissions of buildings are also increasing rapidly year by year. Third, the efficiency is low. According to relevant statistics, the labor productivity of the construction industry is only about 2/3 of that of developed countries, and the degree of mechanization, informationization and intelligence of the construction industry is not high. The fourth is low quality. On the whole, the construction is not fine enough, and problems such as water leakage and sound insulation are still outstanding.
The article believes that it is necessary to speed up the new construction industrialization, effectively solve the existing problems, and promote the high-quality development of green buildings. "Several Opinions" is an important document to guide the development of new construction industrialization at present and in the future, improve the building level and quality, and promote the comprehensive transformation and upgrading of the construction industry. It should be seriously implemented.
Q: What is the background of the "Several Opinions"?
Wen: Since the reform and opening up, China's construction industry has played an important role in promoting social and economic development, urban and rural construction and improving the living environment. However, due to the extensive construction methods, it has also brought a series of problems, such as a lot of waste of resources and energy, environmental pollution, common quality problems and potential safety hazards. Compared with the people's growing needs for a better life, the construction industry still has great room for development in scientific and technological innovation, improving efficiency, improving quality and reducing pollution and emissions.
Promoting the industrialization of new buildings is in line with the state's efforts to modernize the construction industry and assemble buildings. On the basis of industrial development achievements, new building industrialization integrates modern information technology, improves the quality and performance of the project in an all-round way through lean and intelligent production and construction, and achieves the development goals of high efficiency, high quality, low consumption and low emission.
Since the General Office of the State Council issued "Guiding Opinions on Vigorously Developing Prefabricated Buildings" in 20 16, the new construction industrialization, represented by prefabricated buildings, has been rapidly promoted, and its construction level and quality have been significantly improved. In accordance with the overall arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has steadily promoted the development of prefabricated buildings, guided local governments to issue relevant policies and measures, and successively compiled standards and specifications such as Technical Standard for Prefabricated Concrete Building, Technical Standard for Prefabricated Steel Structure Building, Technical Standard for Prefabricated Wood Structure Building and Evaluation Standard for Prefabricated Building, and the technical system of prefabricated buildings has become increasingly mature. By identifying a large number of demonstration cities and industrial bases of prefabricated buildings and building a certain scale of pilot demonstration projects, it has laid a good development foundation for comprehensively promoting the new construction industrialization.
However, compared with the requirements of developed countries and green development, there is still a big gap and deficiency. One is high consumption. The annual consumption of cement, glass and steel in building construction alone accounts for about 40% of the global total consumption, and the heating energy consumption per unit area in northern China is twice that in German. The second is high emissions. The annual emissions of construction waste alone reach more than 2 billion tons, accounting for 40% of the total solid waste in the city, and the carbon emissions of buildings are also increasing rapidly year by year. The third is low efficiency. According to relevant statistics, the labor productivity of the construction industry is only about 2/3 of that of developed countries, and the degree of mechanization, informationization and intelligence of the construction industry is not high. The fourth is low quality. On the whole, the construction is not fine enough, and problems such as water leakage and sound insulation are still outstanding. Therefore, we must speed up the new construction industrialization, effectively solve the existing problems, and promote the high-quality development of green buildings.
Q: What is the significance of the promulgation of Several Opinions?
Abstract: Developing new building industrialization is the main measure of green development and low-carbon circular development of urban and rural construction. It is not only an important means to stabilize growth, promote reform and adjust the structure, but also an inherent requirement to create a "double engine" for economic development. It is of great and far-reaching significance to comprehensively promote the construction of ecological civilization and accelerate the process of new urbanization.
(A) the development of new building industrialization is an important measure to implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. Although China's new construction industrialization has made remarkable progress, there is still a big gap compared with the needs of building a well-off society in an all-round way and the requirements of green ecological development, especially the deep integration with modern advanced industrialization and informatization is not enough. It is urgent to fill the shortcomings and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the construction field. Therefore, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council clearly stated in many policy documents that they should speed up the new construction industrialization. The main purpose is to promote high-quality development, promote domestic investment and consumption, and strive to build China's architectural brand in international competition.
(2) Developing new building industrialization is a powerful starting point for promoting energy conservation and emission reduction in the construction field. At present, the extensive mode of economic development in China has not fundamentally changed. As far as the construction industry is concerned, the way of on-site pouring (masonry) has brought about problems such as low utilization efficiency of resources and energy, large discharge of construction waste, serious environmental pollution caused by dust and noise, and insecure engineering quality and safety. As far as the consumption of building materials is concerned, steel and cement, which consume the most in the construction industry, are high energy-consuming products. The total output of steel and cement in China ranks first in the world for many years, and the recycling rate of building materials is very low. If the construction industry is not transformed and developed, the excessive consumption and waste of resources and energy caused by traditional construction methods will continue, and the contradiction between economic growth and resources and energy will become more prominent, which will greatly restrict sustainable development. The effect of assembled construction method in energy saving, material saving, water saving and emission reduction has been proved in practical projects. Relevant research data show that compared with traditional methods, precast concrete construction projects can reduce 70% of construction waste emissions, save 60% of wood, save 55% of cement mortar and reduce 25% of water consumption. More importantly, prefabricated buildings can fundamentally change the "messy" situation of the construction site, effectively reduce air pollution and construction waste emissions during construction, minimize environmental pollution such as dust and noise, and help improve the urban environment and build an ecological civilization.
(3) Developing new building industrialization is an important measure to promote the current stable economic growth. Since the reform and opening up, the added value of China's construction industry has increased from 3.8% to more than 7.0% of GDP, and it has become an important pillar industry to stimulate national economic growth. At present, China's economic growth has shifted from high-speed to medium-high-speed, and the downward pressure on the economy has increased, which urgently requires the construction industry to provide stronger development momentum. The development of new building industrialization is conducive to the birth of many new industries, including the whole process consulting service industry, parts manufacturing enterprises, special equipment manufacturing enterprises, corresponding logistics and transportation, assembly and decoration and many other new industries, which will lengthen the industrial chain, promote industrial reconstruction and increase employment, and promote the professional and refined development of the industry. Second, it is conducive to stimulating investment, including a large number of investments in factories. The deep integration of the information industry and the construction industry can drive a large number of social investments into the construction industry. Third, it is conducive to improving consumer demand, including the development of assembled decoration, overall kitchen and bathroom, and the application of four new technologies and new products, all of which are conducive to stimulating household consumption. Fourth, it is conducive to promoting local economic development. Judging from the development experience of national prefabricated building pilot demonstration cities, the regional economic growth has been effectively promoted by building "a region", introducing "a group of enterprises" and creating "a group of projects". Taking prefabricated buildings as an example, according to preliminary estimates, the newly started prefabricated buildings in 20 19 have an area of 420 million square meters, which has stimulated social investment by nearly 3 trillion yuan.
(D) Developing new building industrialization is an effective way to promote technological progress and improve production efficiency. In recent years, with the development of urbanization, the labor force engaged in the construction industry has decreased year by year, the shortage of high-quality construction workers has become more and more prominent, and the "hard constraints" on the development of the construction industry have intensified. On the one hand, the labor price is rising, on the other hand, the construction method is traditional and extensive, and the labor efficiency is low. The development of new building industrialization involves the whole process, all elements and the whole system, such as design standardization, production factory, construction assembly, management informationization and intelligent application. The development of prefabricated buildings should rely on scientific and technological progress, improve the quality of workers, innovate management models and other connotative and intensive development paths. Through the transformation and upgrading of construction methods, the labor intensity will be reduced, the production and construction efficiency will be improved, the development bottleneck of the construction industry will be broken through, and the level of engineering construction will be comprehensively improved.
(5) Developing new building industrialization is an effective way to enhance the international competitiveness of the construction industry. Since joining the World Trade Organization, China's construction industry has been deeply integrated into the international market. Under the background of economic globalization, while consolidating our domestic market share, we should actively "go out" to participate in the global division of labor, participate in international competition in a wider range, in more fields and at a higher level, and use the resources of the global construction market to serve our own development. The premise of "going out" is to enhance the core competitiveness.
The development of new building industrialization can completely change the previous competitive mode of low building technology level, low technology content and simple labor cost, closely combine the process of industrialized production and construction with informationization, apply a large number of new technologies, new materials and new equipment, emphasize scientific and technological progress and management model innovation, pay attention to improving the quality of workers, pay attention to shaping the brand and image of enterprises, and form the core competitiveness and first-Mover advantage of enterprises. The development of new building industrialization will promote enterprises to practice hard, seize the international market with the advantages of capital, technology and management, rely on the general contracting business to drive the export of domestic equipment and materials, and gain the first opportunity in the process of participating in economic globalization competition.
(6) Developing new building industrialization is the only way to comprehensively improve the quality and quality of housing. New urbanization is people-centered urbanization, and housing is the biggest livelihood issue for the people. Developing new building industrialization, replacing traditional construction with component manufacturing and manual masonry with assembly operation can greatly reduce construction errors and human errors, effectively solve systematic quality problems, reduce maintenance costs in the later stage of construction and prolong the service life of buildings. Assembled building can improve the quality and performance of housing in an all-round way and let the people enjoy the fruits of reform and development. Taking Beijing as an example, the public rental housing project with assembly construction and assembly decoration in Beijing has significantly reduced the common quality defects and the indoor maintenance rate by 70% compared with the traditional decoration project.
Q: How to fully implement the key tasks of Several Opinions?
Abstract: According to the requirements of "Several Opinions", the development of new construction industrialization is a complex systematic project, and the following work should be done well: First, strengthen systematic integrated design and standardized design to promote the coordination of the whole industrial chain; The second is to optimize the production of spare parts and promote the application of green building materials; Third, vigorously develop steel structure buildings, popularize prefabricated concrete buildings, carry out full decoration of buildings and carry out lean construction; Fourth, accelerate the integration and development of information technology, vigorously promote BIM technology, big data technology and Internet of Things technology, and develop intelligent buildings; Fifth, innovate the organization and management mode, vigorously promote the general contracting mode, develop the whole process engineering consultation and establish the user supervision mechanism; Sixth, strengthen scientific and technological support, cultivate scientific and technological innovation bases, and increase scientific and technological research and development; Seventh, speed up the training of professional talents and train professional technical management talents and technical industry workers; Eighth, carry out the evaluation of new building industrialization projects; Nine is to strengthen the project landing and increase policy support in finance, environmental protection, science and technology promotion and awards. (People's Network)