Ordinary recyclable waste: refers to waste that is not chemically hazardous and has reuse value (e.g., paper, plastic, glass, etc.).
Ordinary non-recyclable waste: refers to waste that is not chemically hazardous but has no reuse value (e.g., construction waste, household waste, etc.).
Hazardous recyclable waste: refers to hazardous waste that can be directly or indirectly utilized or diverted to other uses after processing (e.g. waste trichloroethylene, butanone, etc.).
Hazardous non-recyclable waste: Hazardous waste that has no utilization value and can be treated in a special way so as not to endanger the environment (e.g. waste batteries, waste fluorescent tubes, waste circuit boards, waste ink cartridges, etc.).
Hazardous waste is generally collected and handled by specialized solid waste disposal agencies. Other waste disposal methods mainly include comprehensive utilization, sanitary landfill, incineration and composting
Question 2: What are the other wastes? Domestic waste can be generally divided into four categories: recyclable waste, food waste, hazardous waste and other garbage
1, recyclable waste mainly includes waste paper, plastic, glass, metal and cloth five categories. Waste paper: mainly including newspapers, periodicals, books, all kinds of wrapping paper, office paper, advertising paper, cardboard boxes, etc., but pay attention to paper towels and toilet paper due to the water solubility is too strong not to be recycled. Plastic: mainly including various plastic bags, plastic packaging, disposable plastic lunch boxes and cutlery, toothbrushes, cups, mineral water bottles and so on. Glass: mainly includes various glass bottles, broken glass pieces, mirrors, light bulbs, thermos flasks, etc. Metal objects: mainly cans, can boxes, toothpaste skins, etc. Fabrics: mainly including discarded clothes, tablecloths, washcloths, schoolbags, shoes, etc. Recycling through comprehensive treatment can reduce pollution and save resources. Such as each recycled 1 ton of waste paper can make good paper 850 touch pounds, saving 300 kilograms of wood, than the same amount of production to reduce pollution by 74%; each recycled 1 ton of plastic beverage bottles can be obtained 0.7 tons of secondary raw materials; each recycled 1 ton of scrap iron and steel can be smelted 0.9 tons of steel, smelting with ore than the cost of savings of 47%, 75% reduction in air pollution, reducing 97% of the water pollution and solid waste.
2, food waste, including leftovers, bones, vegetable roots and leaves and other food waste, composted by biotechnology in situ treatment, each ton can produce 0.3 tons of organic fertilizer.
3. Hazardous waste includes waste batteries, waste fluorescent tubes, waste silver thermometers, expired medicines, etc., which require special safety treatment.
4, other waste including in addition to the above categories of waste in addition to brick ceramics, slag, bathroom waste paper and other difficult to recycle waste, to take sanitary landfill can effectively reduce the pollution of groundwater, surface water, soil and air
Problem 3: other waste classification, what will be the treatment of Correct practice is: classification and packaging - - classification and transportation - - sorting and treatment.
The recyclables will be recycled to realize the reuse of resources;
Hazardous waste will be treated with special means;
Kitchen waste, after proper treatment and processing, can be transformed into new resources, with high organic content. organic content makes it possible to use it as fertilizer, feed, or produce biogas for use as fuel or power generation after rigorous treatment, and the oil and grease portion can be used for the preparation of biofuels.
Other wastes are generally treated in sanitary landfills and incinerators.
At present, many cities have begun to do a good job of waste classification from the source, and to achieve the classification of transportation and treatment.
Question 4: How are recyclable garbage, other garbage, and food waste handled. Recyclable garbage refers to plastic, wood, metal, etc., these substances can be reused to give back to the furnace after reuse, the organic waste can be degraded directly to the landfill, the environmental pollution to give the combustion and chemical reaction to degrade the toxicity of curing and sealing treatment.
Question 5: How to deal with the company's waste products and garbage? Garbage to find the sanitation department is more appropriate;
Scrap and so on can find the appropriate recycling company; income can be accounted for through other business income.
Question 6: What are the disposal methods of garbage? At present, domestic and foreign widely used municipal waste disposal methods are mainly sanitary landfills, high-temperature composting and incineration, etc. The proportion of these three main waste disposal methods varies according to the geographic environment; the composition of the waste, the level of economic development and other factors.
Due to the complexity of the composition of urban waste, and by the level of economic development, able to structure, natural conditions and traditional habits and other factors, so the treatment of urban waste is generally different with the national conditions, often a country in the regions also use different treatment methods, it is difficult to have a unified model. But in the end, they all take harmlessness, resourcefulness and minimization as the treatment goal. There are landfill, incineration, composting, comprehensive utilization and other ways, a higher degree of mechanization, and the formation of systems and complete sets of equipment. Foreign treatment methods have the following trends: (1) industrialized countries due to energy, land resources are increasingly tense, the proportion of incineration is gradually increasing; (2) landfill method as the final means of disposal of waste has been a large proportion; (3) most of the developing countries of the agricultural type of composting is the main; (4) a number of other new technologies, such as pyrolysis, reclamation, heaps of mountains landscaping and other technologies, is constantly making progress.
Incineration is a widely used municipal waste treatment technology, large-scale waste incineration treatment system equipped with thermal energy recovery and utilization devices, due to comply with the requirements of the recovery of energy, is gradually rising to the mainstream of incineration. The wide application of incineration technology, in addition to economically developed, strong investment power, high calorific value of garbage, mainly lies in the incineration process and equipment is mature and advanced. A variety of incineration devices and new incinerators toward high efficiency, energy saving, low cost, low pollution direction, the degree of automation is getting higher and higher. At present, China's municipal waste disposal technology response is: sanitary landfill and high-temperature composting technology, and advocate the development of incineration technology in cities with conditions, especially in economically developed coastal areas. In recent years, the cities began to carry out basic and applied research work on waste incineration treatment, the development of a series of reverse combustion, including NF series, RF series of pyrolysis, HL series of rotary small garbage combustion furnace and a number of hospital garbage special incinerator, and the construction of a number of small and medium-sized city simple incineration plant (station).
With the development of China's economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the combustible and flammable content of municipal waste increased significantly, the calorific value of a significant increase in the general after the classification, sorting and other pre-processing, the calorific value of garbage has been close to the calorific value of municipal waste in developed countries. Therefore, some cities in China, especially in economically developed coastal areas, etc. have the basis for the development of incineration technology.
Question 7: how to deal with life in the garbage 1, food waste: This is the consumption of a variety of food produced by the residual waste of the general term. Its main feature is the rapid rate of biological decomposition, corrosive, and produce a variety of disgusting pungent odor. Food waste treatment requirements are not high, the main need to solve the problem of processing speed.
2, ordinary garbage: this is the general term for people's daily life waste. Including discarded wood products, paper products, plastics, rubber, textiles, leather products and discarded broken glass and metal products and dust. Ordinary garbage is the main object of waste recycling in the city.
3, hazardous waste: human, animal and plant life with instant, short-term or long-term harm to the garbage is called hazardous waste. Including dry batteries, fluorescent tubes, thermometers and other chemical and biological hazards, flammable and explosive products, waste containing radioactive substances. This type of waste generally can not be mixed with ordinary garbage, should be removed and disposed of separately.
Question 8: How is garbage handled in China? Garbage disposal methods
China is currently studying a new way of garbage disposal - resource utilization. The garbage is harmlessly and resourcefully processed to produce products such as composite fertilizer, building materials such as bricks and composite panels, and electricity.
At present, waste classification is a major difficulty.
In order to match the resource utilization, China will subdivide the municipal garbage into four groups, which are material garbage group (including glass, magnetic or non-magnetic metal, waste paper, rubber, plastic), organic garbage group (kitchen garbage, biological garbage), inorganic garbage group (furnace ash slag, bricks and mortar, ceramics, etc.), and toxic and hazardous garbage group (used batteries, used fluorescent lamps, pesticide containers, expired medicines, medical waste, and e-waste from waste TV sets, telephones, computers and other waste electrical appliances).
China's urban garbage disposal started very late, in the 1980s. Before that, garbage was piled up in the open.
According to the information from the Municipal Waste Disposal Committee of China Environmental Protection Industry Association (CEPIA), China's municipal waste disposal rate was less than 2% before 1990. It is only after entering the 90's that China's urban garbage disposal has been continuously improved. 1999, China's municipal cities are 668, **** there are 696 garbage treatment plants (fields), including less than 200 harmless treatment plants, the garbage disposal rate of 63.4%, the harmless treatment rate is only 20.3%.
There are more than 700 harmless treatment plants in Chinese cities for domestic waste only, and the national rate of harmless treatment of domestic waste in cities is 52%.
Waste disposal in Chinese cities starts with collection. At present, China's urban garbage collection is basically a mixed collection, although in 2002 China *** advocated the classification of collection, but the classification of garbage collection currently accounts for only 16%.
There are three main ways of mixed collection, one is to place the collection containers in fixed locations, such as residential neighborhoods, on both sides of the street, and other public **** places. Specialized sanitation personnel are responsible for collecting garbage from these containers every day. Secondly, there are fixed garbage collection stations in residential neighborhoods, where residents can throw their household garbage to the garbage station every day. Thirdly, there are garbage lanes. In high-rise residential buildings in China, the garbage lanes are already designed when the building is built, and they run from the first floor to the top floor, so that residents can throw their garbage into the garbage lanes and the sanitation staff will take it away from the bottom floor. Collecting residents' garbage through garbage tunnels used to be the most common way of collecting garbage in residential areas. However, after the SARS outbreak in 2003, it was banned in many cities because it was conducive to the spread of bacteria. Cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shanghai have all mandated that new residential buildings do not have garbage lanes, and some cities have also closed garbage lanes in already built residential buildings and stopped using them.
The collected garbage is transported to the garbage transfer station by specialized garbage trucks. The garbage trucks are completely sealed. The garbage is transported to the transfer station for the first step of processing. It is first classified by a sorting machine into organic and inorganic materials, as well as utilizable and non-utilizable. Bulky waste is also compressed. After that, the waste is sorted and transported away.
From the transfer station out of the garbage, some are transported to the sanitary landfill, the garbage will be filled into the pit has been prepared with a good cover and compaction, so that it will undergo biological, physical and chemical changes, decomposition of organic matter, to achieve the purpose of reducing and harmless. Special pipes and impermeable layers are laid in these pits to collect the gas and leachate produced by the fermentation of the waste. The gas is combusted, part of the leachate is purified and processed into water, which is used to clean the garbage trucks and the dust on the ground, and part of the leachate is filtered to meet the national level standards before it is discharged, which will not cause pollution to the environment.
Others were transported to a composting plant, where they were composted and turned into hygienic, odourless humus, which was used as fertilizer for plants.
Others are sent to incinerators, where the combustible components of the waste are fully oxidized and the heat generated is used to generate electricity and heating. Currently, there are 140 waste-to-energy power plants built, under construction, and in the process of being approved in China. One ton of garbage can generate 300 degrees of electricity, and the waste heat can also be used for heating. Tianjin Shuanggang garbage power plant, the daily treatment of 1200 tons of garbage, annual power generation of 120 million degrees, for 50,000 residents a year of living electricity, equivalent to saving 48,000 tons of standard coal.
For recyclable garbage, it will be recycled and reused.
In the process of dealing with garbage, China has formulated a number of relevant standards, such as the standards for agricultural control of urban garbage, the sanitary standards for harmlessness of feces, and the standards for emission of incineration exhaust gas.
Among the current waste treatment methods, incineration is slower to develop in China, mainly because of the lack of funds. Incineration treatment of the initial investment is large, the construction of a daily treatment of garbage 10 ...... >>
Question 9: How to deal with hazardous waste Daily life garbage can be divided into three categories:
The first is toxic, hazardous garbage (such as waste batteries, etc.);
The second is biodegradable garbage, such as organic garbage;
The third is difficult to biodegrade the garbage (such as plastics, metal, glass, etc.).
After the classification of garbage, organic waste can be used as fertilizer for flowers and trees after treatment, renewable waste can be sent to the relevant departments for recycling, and the rest of the garbage is encapsulated and sent to the municipal waste management department for treatment, which is really an effective and correct way to collect garbage by classification and centralized treatment.
Question 10: How to deal with toxic and hazardous waste Currently, the world's municipal waste disposal methods are mainly classified recycling, landfills, composting and incineration of four kinds.
1. Landfill
Landfill treatment takes up a lot of land. At the same time, the harmful ingredients in the garbage will cause serious pollution of the atmosphere, soil and water, not only destroying the ecological environment, but also seriously jeopardize human health.
2. Composting
Composting requires sorting and categorizing of garbage, which requires high organic content. Moreover, composting cannot reduce the amount of waste, and still needs to occupy a lot of land.
3. Incineration
The essence of incineration is to oxidize the organic waste into inert gaseous matter and inorganic non-combustible matter at high temperatures and under sufficiently oxygenated conditions to form a stable solid residue. The garbage is first placed in the incinerator for combustion, releasing heat energy, and then the waste heat recovery can be used for heat or power generation. The flue gas is purified and discharged, and a small amount of remaining residue is discharged, landfilled or used for other purposes. The advantages are rapid capacity reduction and thorough high-temperature harmlessness, small footprint, less impact on the surrounding environment, and heat recovery. Therefore, the incineration of MSW is an effective treatment method for harmlessness, reduction and resource utilization. With the increasing environmental awareness and the improvement of comprehensive utilization technology such as heat recovery, the proportion of MSW treated by incineration technology is increasing year by year in all countries of the world.
With these 4 treasures, is the garbage problem completely solved?
Not really! The method of disposal of domestic waste is also influenced by the composition of the waste, the natural environment, the economic situation and many other factors.
Take for example the treatment of conventional waste such as municipal garbage and feces. Because the measure is directly related to the life of urban people, the development of the city, has been the country and around *** attaches great importance to. Conventional waste treatment methods are incineration power generation, sanitary landfill, composting three, but by China's economic level, the characteristics of waste and other constraints, these three methods are not suitable for our country to vigorously promote. Incineration power generation one-time investment is too high, and high operating costs, only suitable for highly economically developed countries; sanitary landfills occupy land, if not strictly in accordance with international standards, will cause secondary pollution in a few years, the consequences will be more serious; composting cycle is long, low fertilizer, can not make the garbage completely harmless, is not easy to be accepted by farmers.
Until now, China is still to landfill as the main method of waste disposal, but this method needs to take up valuable land resources, and in the developed big cities and coastal areas, there are many people and little land, resulting in the city garbage nowhere to fill; composting technology in our country, although there is a long history of use, and can achieve the garbage in the landfill of decomposable organic waste resources, but due to the garbage used in our country mixed collection, increasing the garbage composted. Although composting technology has a long history of use in China and can realize the resourceization of compostable organic wastes in garbage, but due to the mixed collection of garbage in China, the difficulty of composting garbage is increased, which leads to the high quality and low cost, and the use of it is limited. With the method can not be used, but also really let a person headache.
We must find a way to adapt to the economic situation of our country, in order to completely and effectively beat back our country's garbage army. As far as we can see, only incineration technology is a kind of waste treatment technology that can simultaneously realize the reduction of municipal waste, harmlessness and resourcefulness. It is the best choice, compared with landfill, it occupies less land and has high efficiency; compared with composting, it will not affect the output of resources due to the mixture of garbage. And, some companies in China have mastered the technology.
Can't help but have a question: whether we can only use capacity reduction to reduce the impact of waste? Is garbage useless? This issue has been emphasized by many people, and after research, it was found that garbage is also a treasure.
Garbage looks like waste, but it is not simple. If it can be properly utilized, its value is also very considerable. At present, our country has some companies in the treatment of garbage on the start, processing garbage, extracting resources, really achieve environmental protection and profit both.
People use the garbage now mainly in the following areas:
First, waste incineration power generation
Waste incineration is one of the common methods of municipal waste treatment in developed countries. Due to incineration treatment makes the life of the waste can be completely harmless and rapid reduction, so become the preferred method of treatment. In recent years, the rapid development of heat recovery and utilization technology, so that the heat generated during waste incineration can be used to generate steam, and then power generation, for energy conservation, the use of renewable energy has opened up a new way. The technology of waste incineration power generation has been mastered by Beijing sodium nobel environmental engineering limited liability company.
Second, waste composting
Organic solid waste composting technology is one of the most commonly used solid waste bioconversion technology, is one of the important ways to stabilize solid waste, harmless treatment, but also to achieve solid waste resources, energy system technology. Composting refers to relying on microorganisms such as bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi that are widely distributed in nature to artificially promote biodegradable organic matter to stable humus ...... >>