"Challenges" analyzes the technical challenges faced by China's electronic information engineering science and technology in 16 areas of direction.
1. Microelectronics optoelectronics
Moore's law is constantly approaching the physical and process limits, new structures, new devices, new materials, new processes and new packages is the field of shortcomings, plus the long board and the sustainable development of the important challenges faced. Currently around the communications laser transmitting, transmitting, modulation, amplification and other photonic integration and optoelectronic integration chip technology, micro-miniaturization, high speed, low cost, low power, multi-functional, optoelectronic fusion and intelligence is the field of the shortcomings of the board, and the important challenges facing the sustainable development of the long board.
2. Optical engineering
Many creatures in nature have optical perception capabilities that are currently unmatched by artificial systems. Around the "bionic optics how to simulate these organisms tunable, broad spectrum, wide field of view, anti-reflective and stealthy visual system, as well as these organisms and their groups of intelligent perception of the mechanism and function to the artificial intelligence system, to improve the bionic optics of the dynamic perception and processing capabilities in the strong background interference" is an important challenge.
3. Perception
Remote sensing technology is developing in the direction of combining active and passive and miniaturization of high repetition cycle observation, combined with the intelligent processing of image information technology to promote the wide application of remote sensing information; the rapid development of information technology is promoting the development of digital and intelligent sensors. "Intelligent sensors with the ability of autonomous acquisition, data processing, transmission and security management" is an important challenge in this field.
4. Measurement and Instrumentation
Through the implementation of the International System of Units (SIU) based on the redefinition of "constants", China's measurement system is undergoing a historic change from a multi-layered pyramid structure to a flattened one, which will directly promote the national measurement system to digitalization, networking, and intelligence, and support the continued development of China's science and technology, industry, health, and national defense. The development of China's science and technology, industry, health and national defense is an important challenge in this field, especially in accelerating the development and production of metrology standards and measuring instruments for life safety and biosecurity to meet the urgent needs of the country.
5. Electromagnetic space
Electromagnetic spectrum has become one of the main activity space and competitive resources of human society in the information age and intelligent age, with explosive growth in the number, type and frequency of users. Electromagnetic space detection and sensing, communication and transmission and control and other system forms and technology systems are becoming integrated. Realizing intelligent full-spectrum and multi-integrated spectrum sensing, high-frequency broadband and efficient spectrum utilization, dynamic and fine frequency management and control, as well as high-integration and low-cost system equipment are the important challenges in this field.
6. Network and Communication
Constrained by the limitation of available spectrum resources and key optoelectronic device indexes, the capacity enhancement of mobile and fiber optic communication has slowed down. Along with the explosive growth of network traffic and the major demand for full coverage of the sky and the sea, breakthrough theories and technologies are urgently needed for the technological generational leap. Network architecture, quality of service, user experience, security and reliability are important challenges currently faced by the field under the pressure and drive of great network complexity, huge capacity, large connectivity, wide coverage, high reliability, low energy consumption, and low cost brought about by the triadic interconnection of people and things, as well as the in-depth integration of networks and various industries.
7. Network Security
In the face of the changing situation where countries are fiercely competing for the right to control the network, "to safeguard the sovereignty of network security, it is necessary to innovate proactive and adaptive multi-layer linkage technology system, build active defense barriers to fight fast and fight smart, and make breakthroughs in the network of "preventing attacks from the outside". The key technologies of border defense and the formation of threat perception and attack prediction capability are important challenges in this field.
8. Hydroacoustic engineering
To carry out underwater networked acoustic observation for the complex and changing marine environment, to obtain the law of the marine underwater acoustic environment and underwater target acoustic information, and to realize the independent control of the marine underwater information by means of real-time information transmission and big data information processing is an important challenge in this field.
9. Electromagnetic Field and Electromagnetic Environmental Effects
With the wide application of 5G, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, big data and their applications in high-speed communication, unmanned systems, industrial Internet, advanced energy, advanced air and space, all kinds of equipments are facing serious electromagnetic safety problems. Breaking through the traditional thinking and methodological constraints, establishing a new theory of electromagnetic environmental effects and protection, developing new technologies, new materials and new devices, and enhancing the electromagnetic environmental adaptability and electromagnetic checks and balances of China's information electronics and its applications are the important challenges currently facing this field.
10. Control
"In the uncertain and complex dynamic environment of intelligent manufacturing, unmanned, deep space and deep sea, how to adopt the theory, technology and system of automation and artificial intelligence integration, for the major equipment, autonomous sports body and process industry process and other mechanism is unclear and difficult to establish mathematical model of the controlled object, to realize the autonomous intelligence Control, human-machine cooperative optimization decision-making, decision-making and control integration" is an important challenge facing the field.
11. Cognition
The accelerated integration of brain cognition and artificial intelligence has been widely applied in the fields of unmanned systems, brain-like chips, and intelligent vision. The AI technology innovated on the basis of brain cognition mechanism is an international hotspot. "Multi-scale dynamic brain observation, mechanism revelation for memory, emotion, vision and other cognitive functions, and the establishment of easily generalized, robust, low-power AI theories and models" are important challenges in this field.
12. Computer Systems and Software
With the rapid development of AI applications, the explosive growth of data and the increasing complexity of computational models, the demand for computational power is growing at a rapid pace. Facing the physical constraints of the post-Moore era, multiple aspects of computing systems, such as architecture, system hardware, system software, and application software, are facing important challenges, such as high-performance, high-reliability, low-energy consumption, agile design, intelligence, and application diversity. Intelligent computing has become the basic enabling technology for the transformation of traditional industries and the integrated development of emerging industries.
13. Computer Applications
With the deepening of the integration of computer application technologies represented by human-computer fusion, blockchain, virtual reality, digital twins, etc., with various industries, the interoperability technologies supporting various types of industrial equipments, information systems, business processes, enterprise products and services, and personnel are also becoming more and more complex. Constructing an interoperable technology system that is more efficient, more adaptable, and more intelligent is an important challenge that the field is currently facing.
14. Industrial Software System
The adaptability between the inherent discrete nature of software operation and the inherent continuity of industrial system operation has become the primary problem of industrial basic software such as operating system and middleware, and the industrial core software such as high-stability three-dimensional geometric engine, engineering analysis and simulation solver, electronic design automation, and large-scale and highly credible embedded industrial software and a new type of industrial Internet system software are the current challenges in this field. Internet system software is an important challenge currently facing the field.
15. Responding to major emergencies (part of the information field)
"How to set up national, provincial and municipal information decision-making platforms for major emergencies (e.g., the outbreak of new coronary pneumonia, etc.), and brainstorming to break through limitations and extend them to various economic and social fields; how to integrate the data resources of the relevant departments, including medical and health care, public security, transportation, construction, environmental protection, education, and so on.
16. New Infrastructure
The accelerated pace of construction of new infrastructure, represented by 5G, data centers, industrial Internet, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, etc., is playing a strategic and pioneering role in supporting high-quality economic and social development during the epidemic and in the later stages. With the accelerated pace of construction and expanding scale, new infrastructure in technology synergy, large-scale networking, application model innovation, core technology support such as optoelectronic chips and key software, network security, high reliability, green and low-cost, and vertical integration with the convergence of various industries are important challenges currently facing the field.