Overhaul of electrical equipment operation steps
Electrical equipment (Electrical Equipment) is in the power system on the generator, transformer, power lines, circuit breakers and other equipment collectively. How to repair electrical equipment? What are the steps to overhaul electrical equipment? Below, I will share with you overhaul electrical equipment operating steps, come and see it!
First, the general steps of electrical troubleshooting
(1) Observe and investigate the fault phenomenon: the phenomenon of electrical faults are varied. For example, the same class of faults may have different fault phenomena, different types of faults may have the same kind of fault phenomena, this fault phenomenon of sameness and diversity, to find faults bring complexity. However, the fault phenomenon is the basic basis for repair of electrical faults, is the starting point of the electrical fault repair, and thus the fault phenomenon should be carefully observed, analyzed, to find out the fault phenomenon in the most important, the most typical aspects of the fault phenomenon, to figure out the fault occurs at the time, location, environment and so on.
(2) analyze the cause of the failure of a preliminary determination of the scope of the fault, to narrow the fault parts: according to the fault phenomenon analysis of the cause of the failure is the key to electrical troubleshooting. Analysis is based on the basic theory of electrical and electronic, is the construction of electrical equipment, principles, performance of a full understanding of the basic theory of electrical and electronic and the actual combination of faults. An electrical fault may arise for many reasons, it is important to find the most important reason in the many reasons;
(3) to determine the part of the fault to determine the point of failure: to determine the part of the fault is the final day of the electrical fault thrift repair and results. Determine the fault part can be understood to determine the failure point of the equipment, such as short-circuit points, damaged components, etc., can also be understood to determine the variation of certain operating parameters, such as voltage fluctuations, three-phase uneven Yang, etc.. Determine the fault site is based on a thorough examination and careful analysis of the fault phenomenon. In this process, often using a variety of means and methods that will be described below.
In the process of completing the above work, the accumulation of practical experience plays an important role.
Second, the general method of electrical troubleshooting
Electrical troubleshooting, the main theory is practical, according to the specific faults for specific analysis, but also must be the fundamental repair method.
① ask: to the field operator to understand the situation before and after the failure. If the failure occurs before the overload, frequent start and stop; failure occurs when there is an abnormal sound phase vibration, there is no smoke, fire and other phenomena.
② Look: carefully look at the appearance of various electrical components change. Such as looking at the contacts are burnt, oxidized, fuse fuse indicator is jumped out, whether the thermal relay is off, wire and wire traps are burnt, whether the thermal relay setting value is appropriate. Instantaneous action setting current is in line with the requirements, etc.
③ Listen: mainly listen to the electrical appliances before and after the occurrence of the failure of the sound is no difference. Such as listening to the motor start whether only? Buzzing? ringing and not turn; contactor coil is powered whether the noise is very large.
④ Touch: After the failure, disconnect the power supply, touch or gently push and pull the wires and some parts of the appliance to detect abnormal changes. Such as mold motor, self-pot transformer and solenoid figure surface, feel whether the humidity is too high; gently pull the wire, see whether the connection is loose; gently push the electrical activity mechanism, see whether the movement is flexible.
⑤ Smell: After the failure, disconnect the power supply, the nose close to the motor, since the blessing of the transformer, relays, contactors, insulated wires, etc., smell whether there is a burnt flavor. If there is a burnt flavor, it indicates that the electrical insulation has been burned, the main reason is overload, short circuit or three-phase current serious imbalance and other faults.
When a fault occurs, according to the state of the electrical equipment to analyze the method. Called state analysis. The operation of electrical equipment can always be broken down into a number of successive stages, these stages can also be called state. Any electrical equipment are in a certain state of work, such as motor work process can be broken down into start, run, forward, reverse, high speed, low speed, braking, stopping and other working conditions. Electrical failure always occurs in a state. And in up to a state, a variety of components and in what state, which is an important basis for analyzing the failure. For example. Motor startup, which components work, which contacts are closed, etc., and thus repair motor startup faults only need to pay attention to the working state of these components.
The state is divided into ultra-fine, the more favorable the repair of electrical faults. For a device or equipment, where the components and parts may be in different operating conditions, to find the electrical faults in which a variety of distant states must be clearly distinguished.
Third, electrical troubleshooting skills
(1) familiar with the circuit principle, to determine the overhaul program: when a device of the electrical system failure, do not rush to dismantle, first of all, we need to understand the phenomenon of the failure of the electrical equipment, after the scope of the failure, the reason. Familiar with the basic working principle of the equipment and electrical systems, analyze each specific circuit. Figure out the interconnection between the various levels of the circuit and the ins and outs of the signal in the circuit, combined with practical experience, after careful consideration, to determine a scientific overhaul program.
(2) the first loss, after the circuit: electrical equipment are based on electrical and mechanical principles, especially the mechatronics of advanced equipment, mechanical and electronic in the function of organic cooperation, is a whole two parts. Often mechanical components appear ugly, affecting the electrical system, the function of many electrical components will not work. Therefore, do not be confused by the surface phenomenon, the failure of the electrical system is not all electrical itself, may be caused by the failure of mechanical components. Therefore, the first overhaul of the mechanical system failure, and then exclude the electrical part of the failure, often receive twice the result with half the effort.
(3) the first simple, after the complex: overhaul faults with the most simple and easy to use, the most competent way to deal with their own, and then use complex, precise methods. Troubleshooting, first exclude the intuitive, obvious, simple and common faults. After the exclusion of the higher difficulty, did not deal with the difficult failure.
(4) first overhaul the general disease, after the Rose difficulties: electrical equipment is often prone to the same type of 'failure is? common disease? As the general disease is more common, the accumulated experience is richer, so it can be quickly ruled out . This will allow you to focus your efforts and time to exclude the more rare, difficult and eccentric troubleshooting, simplify the steps, narrow the scope and improve the speed of overhaul.
(5) first external debugging, after the internal processing: external refers to the exposure of electrical equipment outside the completion of the seal outside the various switches, buttons, jacks and indicators. Internal refers to the electrical equipment shell or seal inside the printed circuit boards, components and various connecting wires. First external debugging, after the internal processing, that is, without disassembling the electrical equipment, the use of electrical equipment panel switches, travel knobs, buttons and other debugging checks to narrow down the scope of the fault. First rule out the failure caused by external components, and then overhaul the failure of the machine, try to avoid unnecessary disassembly.
(6) the first unpowered measurements, after the power test: first in the case of unpowered electrical equipment for overhaul: and then again in the case of powered electrical equipment for overhaul. When overhauling many faulty electrical equipment, it cannot be energized immediately, otherwise it will artificially expand the scope of the fault, burn more components, and cause undue losses. Therefore, before energizing the faulty machine . First resistance measurement, take the necessary measures before energizing the maintenance.
(7) first utility circuits, after the specialized circuits: the failure of the utility circuits of any electrical system, its energy, information can not be transmitted to the specific distribution of specialized circuits, specialized circuits, the function, the performance does not work. Such as an electrical equipment power supply failure, the entire system can not operate normally, to a variety of specialized circuits to transfer energy, information is impossible to achieve. Therefore, follow the first public circuit, after the order of the special circuit, you can quickly and accurately eliminate the fault of electrical equipment.
(8) Summarize experience. Improve efficiency: electrical equipment faults are varied, dry strange. Any one of the faulty electrical equipment overhaul, should be the fault phenomenon, cause, overhaul through, skills, insights recorded in a special notebook, learning to master a variety of new electrical equipment, mechanical and electrical theoretical knowledge, familiar with the working principle, accumulation of maintenance experience, will be their own experience into the theory. Under the guidance of theory, specific failure specific analysis, in order to accurately and quickly troubleshooting. Only in this way can I train myself to become an expert in overhauling electrical faults.
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