A variety of sensors application examples

Can feel the prescribed measurement and in accordance with certain laws (mathematical function law) into a usable signal device or device, usually by the sensitive components and conversion elements composed of the device that is the sensor. Sensors convert physical parameters (e.g. temperature, blood pressure, humidity, speed, etc.) into signals that can be measured electrically. We can start by explaining the example of temperature, where mercury in a glass thermometer causes the liquid to expand and contract, thereby converting the measured temperature into one that can be read by an observer on a calibrated glass tube.

Second, the principle of sensor selection

In the selection of sensors, it is necessary to take into account certain characteristics, as follows:

1, accuracy - the accuracy of the sensor as long as to meet the accuracy requirements of the entire measurement system can be, do not have to be too high. Usually the higher the accuracy, the more expensive it is.

2, line range - the range of inputs and outputs proportional to the range

3, the measurement environment - generally on the amount of temperature / humidity requirements

4, the calibration -Essential for most measuring devices because readings change over time

5, stability - the ability of the sensor to maintain its performance after a period of use is called stability.

Third, the main classification of sensors

Sensors are divided into the following criteria:

1, the number of main inputs (measured), also known as according to the use of pressure-sensitive and force-sensitive sensors, position sensors, level sensors, energy sensors, speed sensors, acceleration sensors, ray radiation sensors, Thermal sensors, etc.

2, measurement purposes (the use of physical and chemical effects)

Physical sensor is the use of some of the physical properties of the substance to be measured by the characteristics of the obvious changes made. Chemical sensors are made using sensitive components that convert chemical quantities such as composition and concentration of chemical substances into electrical quantities. Biological sensors are sensors that utilize the characteristics of various organisms or biological substances to detect and identify the chemical composition of living organisms.

3, manufacturing process

4, according to the principle

vibration sensors, moisture-sensitive sensors, magnetic sensors, gas sensors, vacuum sensors, biosensors and so on.

5, the output signal

Analog sensors: the measured non-electrical quantities into analog electrical signals.

Digital sensor: the measured non-electrical quantities into digital output signals (including direct and indirect conversion).

Digital sensors: convert measured signal quantities into frequency signals or short-period signal outputs (including direct and indirect conversion).

Switching sensors: When a measured signal reaches a specific threshold, the sensor outputs a set low or high level signal accordingly.

Four, five commonly used sensors

Some commonly used sensors and their principles and applications are described as follows:

(a) Temperature sensors

The device collects information about the temperature from the source and converts it into a form that can be understood by other devices or people. The best example of a temperature sensor is the temperature sensor. The best example of a temperature sensor is a glass mercury thermometer that expands and contracts with changes in temperature. The external temperature is the source of the temperature measurement, and an observer looks at the position of the mercury to measure the temperature. There are two basic types of temperature sensors:

- Contact sensors - This type of sensor requires direct physical contact with the object or medium being sensed. An example is a thermometer.

- Non-contact sensors - This type of sensor does not require any physical contact with the object or medium being sensed. They monitor non-reflective solids and liquids, but are not useful for gases due to their natural transparency. These sensors measure temperature using Planck's law. This law deals with heat radiated from a heat source to measure temperature.

Working Principle and Examples of Different Types of Temperature Sensors

(i) Thermocouples - They consist of two wires, each of a different homogeneous alloy or metal, which form a measuring connector by joining them at one end, which is open to the component under test. element under test. The other end of the wire is terminated to the measuring device where a reference junction is formed. Since the temperatures of the two junctions are different, a current flows through the circuit and the resulting millivolt is measured to determine the temperature of the junction.

(ii) Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) - These are RTDs that are manufactured to change resistance as the temperature changes and they are more expensive than any other temperature detection device.

(iii) Thermistors - they are another type of resistor where a large change in resistance is proportional to a small change in temperature.

(ii) Infrared Sensor

This device emits or detects infrared radiation to sense a specific phase in the environment. Generally, thermal radiation is emitted by all objects in the infrared spectrum, and the infrared sensor detects this radiation, which is invisible to the human eye.

(iii) Ultraviolet Sensors

These sensors measure the intensity or power of incident ultraviolet radiation. This electromagnetic radiation has a longer wavelength than x-rays, but still shorter than visible light. An active material called polycrystalline diamond is being used for reliable UV sensing, and UV sensors can detect environmental exposure to UV radiation.

(iv) Touch Sensors

A touch sensor acts as a variable resistor depending on the location of the touch. The touch sensor consists of the following components: a fully conductive substance such as copper, an insulating spacer such as foam or plastic, and a partially conductive material.

(v) Proximity sensors

Proximity sensors detect the presence of an object that has hardly any contact points. Since there is no contact between the sensor and the object to be measured and there is a lack of mechanical parts, these sensors have a long service life and are highly reliable. Different types of proximity sensors are inductive proximity sensors, capacitive proximity sensors, ultrasonic proximity sensors, photoelectric sensors, Hall effect sensors, etc.

V. Advanced sensor technology

Sensor technology has a wide range of applications in the manufacturing field. Advanced technologies are as follows:

i. Barcode Recognition - Products sold in the market have a Universal Product Code (UPC), which is a 12-digit code. Five of these numbers represent the manufacturer and the other five represent the product. The first six digits are represented in code as light and dark bars. The first digit indicates the type of digital system, and the second digit indicates parity indicating the accuracy of the reading. The remaining six digits are represented by dark and dark lines in the reverse order of the first six digits. The bar code is shown below.

Barcode readers can manage different barcode standards, even if the standard code is not known. The disadvantage of barcodes is that if the barcode is covered with grease or dirt, the barcode scanner will not be able to read it.

II. Transponders - In the automotive section, RF devices are used in many cases. The transponder is hidden inside the plastic head of the key and is invisible to anyone. The key is inserted into the ignition lock cylinder. When you turn the key, the computer sends a radio signal to the transponder. The computer will not allow the engine to fire until the transponder responds to the signal. These transponders are powered by the radio signal.

III. Electromagnetic identification of manufacturing components - This is similar to bar code technology, where data can be encoded on a magnetic stripe. Using magnetic stripe technology, the data can be read even if the code is hidden in grease or dirt.

iv. Surface Acoustic Wave - This process is similar to RFID. Here, the part identification is triggered by a radar type signal and is transmitted over long distances compared to RF systems.

v. Optical Character Recognition - This is an automatic identification technology that uses alphanumeric characters as the source of information. In the United States, optical character recognition is used in mail processing centers. They are also used in vision systems and speech recognition systems.

Compared with the booming domestic MRO e-commerce platform, WKEA Vega Industrial has been plowing into the industrial products industry for 25 years, providing customers with the best service and the most appropriate price, which not only guarantees the quality, but also allows customers to feel "assured of purchase, assured of use".

Seven applications of sensors in our lives

Sensor is a detection device, can feel the measured information, and can detect the information felt, according to certain laws, transformed into electrical signals or other required forms of information output to meet the transmission, processing, storage and control of information requirements, Display, record and control requirements. It is the first link to realize automatic detection and automatic control.

Sensor narrowly defined as: the external non-electric information can be converted into an electrical signal output device or device. Sensor's broad definition: "Where the use of certain material (physical, chemical, biological) laws, theorems, laws, effects, such as energy conversion and information conversion, and the output and input strictly one-to-one correspondence of the device or device can be called a sensor".

Informatization of the 21st century, can not leave the sensor, sensor applications are very broad, electronic computers, production automation, modern information, **, transportation, chemical, environmental protection, energy, ocean development, remote sensing, space and so on. The following is a brief introduction to some commonly used sensors.

1, sensors and environmental protection

At present, the earth's atmospheric pollution, water pollution and noise has seriously damaged the ecological balance of the earth and the environment we rely on for survival, the status quo has attracted the attention of the world. In order to protect the environment, the use of sensors made of various environmental monitoring instruments are playing an active role.

China's environment is now extremely polluted, mainly due to the development of industry has caused serious pollution. The Yangtze River, the Yellow River and other waters are polluted to varying degrees; the air is now not fresh, especially in places where there are industries, such as PM2, 5, etc. exceeds the standard; all of these are detected by sensors.

2, the application of sensors in the robot

At present, in the labor-intensive or hazardous operations of the place, has been gradually using robots to replace human work. Some high-speed, high-precision work by the robot to undertake is also very appropriate. But most of these robots are used for processing, assembly, inspection and other work, crumbs in the production of automatic mechanical single-capable robots. These robots only use sensors to detect the position and angle of the arm.

To make the robot and human function more close to engage in more demanding work, the robot is required to be able to have the ability to judge, it is necessary to give the robot to install the object physical examination of the mouth sensors, especially visual sensors and tactile sensors, so that the robot through the vision of the object to identify and detect the object through the tactile sense of the object to produce the sense of pressure, force, sliding sensation and weight sensation. This type of robot is called intelligent robots, it can not only engage in special operations, and general production, affairs and housework, all can be handled by intelligent robots, which is now one of the main research objects in the development of robotics.

3, sensors and household appliances

Modern household appliances are commonly used sensors. Sensors in electronic stoves, automatic rice cookers, vacuum cleaners, air conditioners, electronic water heaters, hot air heaters, air dryers, alarms, electric fan bucket, electric fans, game consoles, electronic mosquito repellents, washing machines, dishwashers, cameras, refrigerators, color and flat-panel televisions, VCRs, tape recorders, radios, DVD players, and home theaters, etc., have been widely used.

As people's living standards 'constantly improve, to improve the function of household appliances and the degree of automation requirements are extremely strong. In order to meet these requirements, first of all, the use of high-precision sensors that can detect analog quantities, in order to obtain the correct control information, and then by the micro-computer control, the use of household appliances is more convenient, safe, reliable, and reduce energy consumption, for more families to create a comfortable living environment.

At present, the blueprint for home automation is being designed, the future of the family will be the central control unit of the micro-computer, through a variety of sensors instead of people to monitor a variety of states of the family, and through the control equipment for a variety of controls. The main contents of home automation include: security monitoring and alarm, air conditioning and lighting control, energy consumption control, automatic tracking of sunlight, automation of housework and personal health management. The realization of home automation can make people have more time for learning, education or rest and recreation.

4. Sensors and the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network based on the Internet, traditional telecommunication networks, and other information carriers, which allows all ordinary physical objects to be independently addressed to achieve interoperability. It has three important features: common object equipment, autonomous terminal interconnection and universal service intelligence.

Internet of Things (Internet of Things) refers to the ubiquitous end devices (Devices) and facilities (Facilities), including sensors, mobile terminals, industrial systems, building control systems, home intelligent facilities, video and audio systems, and other devices that are "intrinsically intelligent". control systems, home intelligent facilities, video surveillance systems, etc. and "external enablement" (Enabled), such as RFID affixed to a variety of assets (Assets) carrying wireless terminals for personal and vehicular "intelligent objects or animals" or "smart dust". "Smart Dust" (Mote)

Through a variety of wireless/wired long-distance/short-distance communication networks to achieve interoperability (M2M), application of the Grand Integration (Grand Integration), as well as cloud-based SaaS operation and other modes of operation, to provide safe and controllable or even personalized Real-time online monitoring, positioning and tracing, alarm linkage, scheduling and command, plan management, remote control, safety precautions, remote maintenance, online upgrades, statistical reports, decision support, leadership desktop (centralized display of the Cockpit Dashboard) and other management and service functions

To achieve "efficient, energy-saving, and energy-saving" for "everything", we have developed the "Cockpit Dashboard", which is the most powerful and efficient way to achieve "energy-saving, energy-saving, and energy-saving". Simply put, the Internet of Things is the information transfer and control between things, people and things, in the application of the Internet of Things, there are three key technologies, including sensor technology.

5, sensors in the medical and human medical applications

With the development of medical electronics, only by the doctor's experience and feel the diagnosis of the era will end. Now, the application of medical sensors can be the body's surface and internal temperature, blood pressure and intracavitary pressure, blood and respiratory flow, tumors, analysis of blood, pulse wave and heart sound, heart and brain waves, such as high-level diagnosis. Obviously, sensors play a very important role in promoting the high level of medical technology.

In order to enhance the level of healthcare for the people of the country, the reform of our healthcare system will expand the medical services to the entire population. In the past, medical work is only limited to **** as the center, in the future, medical work will be in the ** early diagnosis, early **, long-distance diagnosis and the development of artificial organs and a wide range of roles, and sensors in these areas will be more and more applications.

6, sensors and remote sensing technology

Satellite remote sensing (satellite remote sensing) is an integral part of aerospace remote sensing, artificial Earth satellites as a remote sensing platform, mainly using satellites on the Earth and the lower atmosphere for optical and electronic observation. That is, from different working platforms far away from the ground (such as towers, balloons, airplanes, rockets, artificial Earth satellites, spacecraft, space shuttles, etc.) through the sensors, the electromagnetic wave (radiation) information on the surface of the Earth for detection, and through the transmission, processing and interpretation of information analysis of the Earth's resources and the environment for detection and monitoring of the comprehensive technology.

The sensors used in airplanes and spacecraft are near-ultraviolet, visible light, far-infrared and microwave sensors. In the ship to the underwater observation of ultrasonic sensors. For example, to detect some mineral resources buried in what area, you can use the infrared satellite to receive sensors from the ground to measure the amount of infrared radiation, and then by the satellite through the microwave and then sent to the ground station, by the ground station computer processing, can be based on the difference in the distribution of infrared light to determine the area of the buried mineral deposits.

7, sensors in the application of **

Now the battlefield are information technology battlefield, and information technology is inseparable from the sensor. **Experts believe that: a country **sensor manufacturing technology level, determining the level of the country's weapons manufacturing level, determining the degree of automation of the country's weapons, and ultimately determines the advantages and disadvantages of the country's weapons performance.

Today, the sensor on the ** application is extremely broad, can be said to be used all the time, nowhere to use, large to the star, two bombs, aircraft, ships, tanks, artillery and other equipment systems, small to the single combat weapon; from the weapons system to the logistical support to participate in the war; from the ** scientific testing to ** equipment engineering;

from the battlefield combat to strategic and tactical command; from the war preparations,

From the above, it seems that sensors are widely used in our lives, and can be said to be ubiquitous.

Examples of various sensor applications 3

Sensor detection methods

On the sensor detection methods are mainly direct detection, indirect detection and combination of three ways. Direct detection of direct detection is in the use of sensor instrumentation for detection, the meter readings do not need to go through any operation, it can be directly expressed in the detection of the desired results. For example, with a magneto-electric ammeter to detect the current of the circuit, with a spring tube pressure gauge to detect the pressure of the boiler, etc. These are direct detection.

The advantage of direct detection is that the detection process is simple and rapid, the disadvantage is that the detection accuracy is not easy to do very high, this detection method is widely used in engineering.

Indirect detection in some detection occasions, the detection can not be or is not easy to pick up directly measured, it is hard to ask in the use of sensors for detection, first of all, and the measured physical quantities have a definite function of the relationship between several quantities of detection, and then the detection of the value of the substitution of the number of correlations, after the calculation of the desired results, this method is called indirect detection. Indirect detection than the direct detection of the amount of detection required to be more, and the calculation process is more complex, causing more factors of false alarms.

But if the error analysis and select and determine the optimization of the detection method, in the more ideal conditions for indirect detection. The accuracy of the detection results is not necessarily low, and sometimes can get a higher detection accuracy - indirect detection is generally used for the convenience of direct detection or lack of indirect detection means of the occasion.

Combined detection in the application of sensor instrumentation for detection, if the measured physical quantities must be solved by the system of equations, in order to get the final result. It is said that such a test for the combination of detection, in the combination of inspection, generally need to change the test conditions, in order to obtain a set of joint equations needed for the data.

Combined detection is a special precision testing methods, operation procedures are more complex, spend a long time, generally applicable to scientific experiments or special occasions. Quick sealing connector choose to use HYP Machinery's sealing quick connector, can be more simple, faster and safer to test the connection.