(a) the construction plan
1. Lifting includes structure lifting and equipment lifting. Its operation belongs to high-altitude dangerous operation, with changeable working conditions and complicated construction technology. Before construction, a special construction plan should be prepared. Its contents include: site environment, general situation of the project, construction technology, selection basis of hoisting machinery, design and calculation of hoisting rod, design and selection of ground anchor, design and selection of wire rope and rigging, ground endurance and road requirements, arrangement of component stacking and various protective measures during hoisting.
2. The operation plan must be instructive according to the engineering situation and the actual situation on site, and be approved by the superior technical department to confirm that it meets the requirements.
(2) Lifting machinery
1, crane
(1) Select the hoisting machinery according to the requirements of the construction scheme. After being transported to the site for reassembly, commissioning test and acceptance shall be conducted to confirm that it meets the requirements, and records and signatures shall be made.
(2) The crane can continue to be used after passing the inspection, and has a license issued by the relevant municipal departments on a regular basis.
(3) Upon inspection, it is confirmed that the safety devices including superelevation limiter, torque limiter, arm width indicator and hook safety device all meet the requirements. When there are other safety devices in the machine manual, they should be checked according to the specifications.
2. Boom
(1) The selection of the boom shall conform to the requirements of the operation process, and the specifications and dimensions of the boom shall be determined through design calculation, which shall be carried out in accordance with relevant codes and standards and approved by the superior technical department.
(2) The materials, segments and assembly forms selected for suspenders must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of design drawings, and the requirements shall be checked and confirmed by relevant departments after assembly.
(3) After the boom is combined with wire rope, pulley and hoist, it should be confirmed by trial hoisting. According to the rated load 1 and 2 times, it can be lifted 200~500mm off the ground, so that the wind rope of each cable is in place and the hoisting wire rope is gradually tightened. Make sure that the pulleys and wire ropes of all departments are well stressed, gently shake the hoisted object, and check the derrick, ground anchor and wind rope of the cable to make sure that they meet the design requirements.
(3) Wire rope and ground anchor
1, when the number of broken wires in a pitch exceeds 10%, the corrosion or surface wear of the wire rope reaches 40%, and there are structural deformations such as dead bending and core extrusion. , should be scrapped and stopped using. If the broken wire or wear is less than the scrapping standard, the bearing capacity will be reduced in proportion. The safety factor of wire rope should be determined according to the lifting mode, and when it is driven by manpower, k = 4.5, and when it is driven by machinery, k = 5 ~ 6.
2. The selection of suspender pulley and ground guide pulley should be adapted to the diameter of wire rope, and its diameter ratio should not be less than 15. Each pulley must be firmly fixed with steel wire rope, and should be replaced in time when the pulley has defects such as flange damage.
3, cable wind rope should use steel wire rope, its safety factor k = 3.5, specifications should meet the requirements of the construction plan, cable wind rope should be firmly connected with the ground anchor.
4. The buried mode of the ground anchor shall be determined by calculation, and the location and buried depth of the ground anchor shall meet the requirements of the construction scheme and the actual angle of the boom operation. When moving the derrick, you must also use a regular ground anchor that has been designed and calculated, and you are not allowed to tie it to poles, trees and components at will.
Safety precautions for lifting operation:
(1) Whether the crane operates normally or not, and whether there are hidden dangers, the startup personnel must strictly abide by the construction regulations, and may not start the machine with illness or after drinking.
(2) Check whether the spreader is normal and can work within the safety factor. Do it safely without hidden dangers and ensure normal construction.
(3) When hoisting, the technical director involved in the hoisting work should be familiar with the hoisting scheme.
(4) When lifting, irrelevant personnel are not allowed to enter the safety line except the operator, so as not to affect the operation or cause operational errors.
(5) The working load of lifting equipment shall not exceed the nameplate.
(6) Before construction, carefully check all equipment, ropes and tools. If wear and corrosion are found, consider reducing or not reducing their compression.
(7) The construction personnel involved in equipment hoisting must stick to their posts, obey orders, and prohibit them to ensure the safe and smooth completion of the project.
(8) It is forbidden to carry out hoisting operation when the wind force is above level 5.
(9) The operation area is clearly marked, and irrelevant personnel are forbidden to enter or pass during lifting.
(10) Construction personnel must wear safety helmets when entering the site, and must wear safety belts when working at heights.