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Be detailed, write all the versions I listed above
Answers should be logical and detailed.
Additionally, it would be better to write out the knowledge involved in the above versions!
Questioner: mssj050426
Answer: xiaoya_gege - 千总 第四级 3-28 23:31
VPX - a new generation of bus standards
VPX (that is, VITA46): in the VME system based on the addition of the switching interconnection structure, is the military reinforcement system of the new generation of bus products. The standard retains the existing 6U and 3U specifications, supports PMC and XMC daughter cards, and retains maximum compatibility with VME systems.GEFanuc brings the VPX standard to the marketplace, and is able to provide users with the widest selection of VPX products: processor boards for Intel, PowerPC architectures, graphics cards, disk cards, switching boards, and even VPX bus-based systems based on the VPX bus.
Typical products and applications: SBC340 - Controller for Magic1 VPX Graphics System The SBC340 is equipped with a 2.0GHz Intel CoreDuo processor, supports up to 4GB of DDR2 SDRAM, and is available in air-cooled and conduction-cooled versions. For more information, please visit: /products/211
VMEbus---Versamodel Eurocard
VMEbus, Versamodel Eurocard was introduced by Motorola in 1981 as the first generation of 32-bit industrial open standard bus. Its main feature is the VMEbus signal line mimics Motorola's 68000 series microcontroller signal line, due to its wide range of applications by the IEEE received as a standard, i.e., IEEE 1014-1987, and its standard file for the VMEbus specification Rev C.1. VMEbus plug-in boards are generally available in two sizes, one is a 3U high with a bus interface J1, height*length 100mm*160mm, the other is 6U height with two bus interfaces J1, J2, height*length 233mm*160mm. generally each VMEbus board interface J1, J2 have 96 pins, each interface is 3 rows, according to the A, B, C arrangement, each row of 32 pins, J1 is generally used for direct connection with the VMEbus, J2's The middle column is used to extend the address bus or data bus, the other two columns can be defined by the user and I/O, disk drives and other peripherals, etc., (Note: The I/O and RC/RI boards of the all-solid-state TV transmitter we applied extend the pins of the J2 port.) Therefore, the VMEbus has reserved signal pins for future application expansion, which is why the VMEbus can be flexibly upgraded in the future.
Introduction of CPCI
Compact PCI (Compact Peripheral Component Interconnect) abbreviated as CPCI, also known as Compact PCI in Chinese, is the International Federation of Industrial Computer Manufacturer's Group, abbreviated as PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturer's Group. Manufacturer's Group (PICMG) in 1994 to propose a bus interface standard. It is a high-performance industrial bus standardized on PCI electrical specifications; the CPU and peripherals of CPCI are the same as those of standard PCI, and the CPCI system uses the same chips, firewalls, and related software as the traditional PCI system. Fundamentally, they are the same, so the operating system, drivers and applications do not feel the difference between the two, the conversion of a standard PCI plug-in card into a CPCI plug-in card almost does not need to be redesigned, as long as the physical reallocation can be. In order to use the PCI SIG's PCI bus specification in industrial control computer systems, in November 1995, the PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers' Federation (PICMIG) promulgated the CPCI specification version 1.0, and later launched the PCI-PCI Bridge specification, Computer Telephony TDM specification and User- defined I/O pin assignment specification. defined I/O pin assignment specification. In short, CPCI bus = PCI bus electrical specification + standard pinhole connector (IEC-1076-4-101) + European card specification (IEC297/IEEE 1011.1).
The emergence of CPCI not only allows for the continuation of many original PC-based technologies and mature products such as CPUs and hard disks, but also makes servers and industrial computers with CPCI technology highly reliable and high-density due to significant improvements in interfaces, etc. CPCI is a high-performance industrial bus based on the PCI electrical specification for circuit boards of 3U CPCI is a high-performance industrial bus based on the PCI electrical specification and is suitable for 3U and 6U height circuit board design. the CPCI circuit board is inserted into the cabinet from the front, and the outlet of I/O data can be the interface on the front panel or the back panel of the cabinet. It solves the thorny problems faced by telecom system engineers and equipment manufacturers over the years, such as the incompatibility between the traditional telecom equipment bus VME (Versa Module Euro card) and the industry standard PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus.
Second, the characteristics of CPCI
CPCI technology is based on PCI technology has been transformed into a specific three aspects:
One is to continue to use the PCI local bus technology;
The second is to abandon the traditional mechanical structure of the IPC, after 20 years of practice and testing the use of high-reliability Eurocard structure to improve the heat dissipation conditions,
Thirdly, IPC's gold-finger interconnect is discarded in favor of a 2mm-density pinhole connector, which is hermetically sealed, corrosion-resistant, further improves reliability, and increases load capacity.
CPCI has a hot swappable (Hot Swap), high openness, high reliability, the most prominent and attractive feature of CPCI technology is hot swapping (Hot Swap). Simply put, it is a technology that pulls out or inserts functional templates without disrupting the normal operation of the system under the condition that the operating system is not powered down. Hot Swap has always been a requirement for telecommunication applications and is desired by every industrial automation system. Its realization is: in the structure of the three different lengths of the pin pins, so that when the template is inserted or pulled out, the power supply and ground, PCI bus signals, hot swap start signal in order; the use of bus isolation devices and power supply of the soft start; in the software, the operating system should be plug-and-play functionality. Currently CPCI bus hot-plugging technology is from the basic hot-swap technology to the direction of high availability.
The CPCI standard has various advantages. It is fully compatible with legacy desktop PCI systems and provides up to 512MB per second of bandwidth on a 64-bit/66M bus interface. It supports the exact same interface chips used on desktop PCs and workstations. The use of CPCI enables the utilization of entire applications developed on desktop workstations to be moved to the target environment without any changes, dramatically improving time-to-market. Utilizing CPCI technology allows telecom equipment OEMs to utilize the same advanced technology as desktop applications, while still having the economies of scale and low cost associated with the large number of PCI chips designed for desktop systems. The cost of the product is often lower than that of a VME product with the same functionality, and only slightly higher than that of a typical IPC (Industrial Personal Computer) product.
The CPCI specification has gone through several versions since its inception. The latest PICMG 3.0 specification of the CPCI technology architecture in a more open, standardized platform, is conducive to various types of system integrators, equipment suppliers to provide more convenient and rapid value-added services, to provide users with more cost-effective products and solutions. PICMG 3.0 standard is a completely new technology, and PICMG 2.x is completely different, especially in terms of speed with the PICMG 3.0 speeds up to 2Tb per second compared to PICMG 2.x. PICMG 3.0 will mainly be applied to high-bandwidth telecommunication transmissions to accommodate future telecommunication development, while PICMG 2.x will remain the mainstream of CPCI at present and will dominate the application of CPCI for a long time.
Three, the application of CPCI
CPCI has a high degree of openness, high reliability, can be hot swapped (Hot Swap), so that the technology can be widely used in communications, networks, computer telephony and (Computer Telephony), but also suitable for real-time system control (Real Time Machine Control), industrial automation, industrial automation, and the use of CPCI. Control), industrial automation, real-time data acquisition (Real-Time Data Acquisition), military systems that require high-speed computing, intelligent transportation, aerospace, medical equipment, water conservancy and other modular and highly reliable, long-term use of the application field. Because CPCI has a high bandwidth, it is also suitable for some high-speed data communication applications, including servers, routers, switches and so on.
The AdvancedMCTM specification provides a standards-based architecture for the next generation of mezzanine card power management subsystems for communications equipment. Subsystem issues, such as hot-swapping and providing multiple points of load voltage in a single size-constrained system environment, present mezzanine card system designers with unique power management challenges.
At ON Semiconductor, the analog computing product director Shi Bao (Mike Stapleton) said: "The power management needs of specific mezzanine cards vary, so much so that the industry has a diversity of point load requirements. With our diverse and feature-rich product portfolio, ON Semiconductor has developed examples of AdvanceMC(tm)-compliant solution families that provide the power performance and design flexibility needed to meet customer-specific point load parameters."
Solution Family
Hot-Plug Protection: ON Semiconductor's AdvancedMC(tm) solution family includes the new NIS5102 SMART HotPlugTM high-end hot-plug protection integrated circuit with a built-in charge pump and accurate temperature detection circuitry. Designed for computing and telecom applications, the device combines a power MOSFET with control circuitry and thermal protection. This integrated approach simplifies the design of basic hot-swap protection in popular +12V systems and is ideal for distributed power systems, servers, disk arrays, and switchboard plug-in applications.
DC-DC Controllers: Customers have a variety of point load requirements when selecting processors, DSPs, memories, ASICs, FPGAs and other components. ON Semiconductor's DC-DC controllers provide designers with a variety of component characteristics to meet the design requirements of different distributed power architectures.
The analog devices in this week's full AdvancedMC(tm) solution include:
- The NCP5425 Dual Synchronous Buck Controller includes internal gate drivers that provide either two independent outputs or one high current output. The controller is feature rich, offering adjustable switching frequencies up to 750 kilohertz (kHz) and a +1 % 0.8 V reference.
- The NCP1580 Low Voltage Synchronous Buck Controller provides a 1.5 Amp (A) floating gate driver design to drive N-channel MOSFETs in a synchronous configuration.The controller features a fixed 350 kHz oscillator and soft-start, and produces output voltages down to 0.8 V. The NCP1580 is designed to be used as a low voltage synchronous buck controller.
- The NCP5210 PWM Dual Buck and Linear DDR2 Power Controller contains two synchronous Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) buck controllers to drive four N-channel MOSFETs to form the DDR Memory Supply Voltage (VDDQ) and Memory Control Jack (MCH) regulators.
Discrete Components
Each mezzanine card power management subsystem requires different MOSFETs, diodes, rectifiers, and transistors to complete the design of the control circuits and to achieve specific point-of-load voltages. ON Semiconductor has a broad and well known discrete component portfolio to fulfill this need. Customers can address these issues with a single ON Semiconductor supplier, greatly improving ease of procurement and supply.
The family of +12 V power management solutions for AdvancedMC(tm) cards complements ON Semiconductor's -48 V power management solutions for the entire AdvancedTCA(tm) infrastructure, including standard, carrier and mezzanine cards.
PMC stands for Portable Media Center. Microsoft has unified the hardware specifications of PMC, the CPU is XScale provided by Intel, and the overall software framework is Microsoft's "Windows Portable Media Center" operating system. It seems that this time the WIN-TEL camp will enter the portable media market, creating the portable media player market. The overall architecture of PMC is open and allows for the expansion of application software based on the operating system.
I. The concept of PMC
PMC, developed under the leadership of Microsoft, is a digital portable electronic device, like STBs (Set Top Boxes) and Table PCs, which mainly corresponds to multimedia applications, allowing users to access all digital entertainment content (movies, recorded TV programs, music and video) through Windows XP-based PCs. movies, digitally recorded TV programs, music, and pictures) and then carry them with them for enjoyment anytime, anywhere. Microsoft realized early on that users' demands for digital entertainment and consumer electronics would be one of the biggest markets in the first 10 years of the 21st century, and in order not to miss the opportunity, it has been leading the way in setting standards every time, so we will see a lot of familiar shadows in PMC. Microsoft's standard Windows PMC are equipped with large-size LCD display panels, and can play a variety of media, including JPEG, TIFF and other still images, MP3, WMA two audio formats and WMV animation format, Sony, Toshiba, Sharp, Fujitsu, NEC, and other manufacturers of the PMC is slightly different (also known as the PMP), with more or less functionality, but in general they have a The ability to "watch on the go".
II. Components
Operating system
The PMC platform is based on Microsoft Windows CE with Intel portable multimedia player hardware, and its growth potential will depend largely on how light it is to carry around, as well as how much it costs, how reliable the storage is, and how big it is. Of course, certain vendors may not follow Microsoft's rules, such as giving up Windows and adopting the Linux operating system Lindows, which expands the product's supported platforms without having to shell out a large extra license fee. In today's very price-sensitive, shelling out license fees for new devices is naturally a big business taboo.
Software Features
Built on Windows CE .NET, PMC uses Windows Mobile software provided specifically for the Portable Media Center, allowing for the powerful, high-quality multimedia capabilities users are familiar with on mobile devices. Key features and functionality include:
- Windows Media 9 technology: the recent introduction of Windows Media Audio 9, Windows Media Video 9, and MP3, specifically optimized for multimedia codecs Windows DRM (Digital rights management). management);
- Microsoft DirectX 8 technology, including Direct3D, DirectDraw, DirectSound, and DirectShow;
- Extensive built-in driver support, USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 support.
- Rich built-in driver support, USB 2.0;
- Instant-on and advanced power management features;
- Real-time, preemptive multi-tasking kernel architecture;
- Rich graphical and user interface subsystem.
Storage
PMC allows users to easily and quickly access multimedia from a personal computer, which is not possible without mass storage. Emphasizing portability, PMCs certainly have special requirements for storage media, which need to have tiny feet, high capacity, high integration, reliability and excellent performance. Now PMC may use two kinds of storage media, one is the traditional flash memory, but the flash memory cost is too high, the limit capacity of about 512MB - 1GB, and then increase the capacity, it will let the consumer to bear too much burden; the second is the use of a small hard disk, such as: Hitachi's 1.8-inch Travelstar C4K40, 40GB capacity, can be browsed for up to 175 hours of video The second is to use a smaller hard drive, such as Hitachi's 1.8-inch Travelstar C4K40, with 40GB capacity, which can view up to 175 hours of movies, such as TV show recordings, or store 100,000 photos, or allow users to take photos for long periods, or listen to 10,000 songs. Don't think these drives are slow because they're small, but at 4200 rpm and 7.1ms latency, they're up to the demands of a laptop, and they're also compatible with the ATA-5 specification (ATA 100), which delivers data transfer speeds of up to 29.9 MB/sec, which is comparable to that of a low-end desktop computer.
Media Computing
Maybe you're worried about PMC's computing power, but as proven in PDAs and cell phones, the high-performance and low-power Intel XScale processor is perfectly suited to handle these media calculations, delivering high-speed information processing and a rich audio-visual experience for end users. After all, this is just a media center, not a 3D game center, no need to consider the requirements of a higher level of three-dimensional processing, the pressure on the CPU will be much less.
Three main functions of PMC
It is basically equal to the media simplification of Table PC and PDA, and is also considered a small computer. Therefore, using intelligent synchronization technology, any version of WinXP entertainment content can be easily and automatically transferred to PMC.
Listening to music
With the built-in Windows Media Player, which supports standard formats such as WMA and MP3, and is also compatible with song logos such as ID3, it can be said that the PMC is an evolutionary version of the MP3, and a direction in the development of the color screen MP3.
Watching Movies
Media Player can play popular movie formats, not just movies shot on video or DV, but even those that are compressed and processed on the Internet, can be smoothly represented on the screen as well. The PMC, with its video output, can also output movies to a TV as a playback device, following the example of VCDs and DVDs.
Looking at pictures
With the popularity of high-resolution digital cameras, even large-capacity flash memory cards are not enough, and the massive storage capacity of PMCs makes it easy to keep a lot of photos. As an electronic photo album, not only can you save the cost of developing photos, but you can also take them with you and output them instantly to your screen or TV whenever you want, so that your friends can take a look at you together.
Internet
Now that we're in the age of global networking, Microsoft won't let PMC fall behind, and after connecting to the Internet, you can browse or download it for e-book functionality. I wonder if WiFi wireless LAN or CDMA wireless WAN will be added later?
PDA
With such strong multimedia capabilities, the PMC is a great way to run a personal affairs program, and it's great to use it as a simple PDA.
Four, specific products
The three most important points of PMC are audio, video, and picture, as long as these three points are satisfied before it is called PMC, we must look carefully.
For more PMC please see /view/15073.htm