. Shenzhou airship flight basic principles Shenzhou airship flight follow the basic principles of momentum is the carrier of cosmic navigation. Rocket flight, fuel in the combustion to the continuous spray pumping a push out the speed of a large gas, so that the rocket to get 2. Shenzhou spacecraft ignition launch of the situation Shenzhou spacecraft ignition launch, subject to the rocket, the spacecraft is in the acceleration phase, the spacecraft's acceleration kinetic and potential energy is increasing, from the energization of the . Spaceship's academic energy to turn the launch vehicle ignition after leaving the launch color air mass is not a rocket spewed exhaust gas, the bottom of the stage built a large pool, when the tall white programmers in a large number of empty calves in the middle of the) condensed into a large amount of water dramatically vaporized to form water vapor, the big honey discretionary eternal small water droplets, thus forming a huge white air lung Xiang 3. Shenzhou spacecraft's laws of motion as early as 1609, Kepler put forward is an ellipse, the planets in the perihelion and the Aphelion trajectory that the square of the planetary motion period and the orbit half-length axis Shenzhou series of spacecraft was sent into orbit similar to the movement of the planets around the sun, so the Shenzhou series of spacecraft medicine remotely in line with the line of summer 2 to even the 3rd issue of the year the following we come to verify the "harmonic relationship,, . Planet running elliptical orbit eccentricity is very low, close to the positive circle, in order to simplify, we treat the orbit as a positive circle to deal with. The centripetal direction of the spacecraft in circular motion.
2. Spaceflight Shenzhou Knowledge Short
According to Shanghai Wen Wei Po, according to the "Shenzhou 5" manned spacecraft deputy commander, deputy chief designer Shi Jinmiao, the world's manned spacecraft have a one-compartment, two-compartment, three-compartment type. China's development is a complex three-compartment spacecraft.
"Shenzhou 5" in February 17, 2003 began assembly. Manned spacecraft system *** there are 13 subsystems, the spacecraft in addition to the three compartments have an additional section. Among them, the orbital module and the return module are sealed structure, is the astronauts activities.
Shi Jinmiao said, to undertake the task of spacecraft development is mainly two "space giants": China Academy of Space Technology is responsible for the "two modules" - orbital module, The Shanghai Academy of Space Technology is responsible for the development of "a module, three subsystems" - the propulsion module and propulsion system, power supply system, heaven and earth measurement and control system development work, including heaven and earth voice, television images, high-speed data transmission, spacecraft, and the ship's on-board mini-system launched when returning to earth.
The orbital module is located in front of the return module, which is designed to increase the space for astronauts to move around. It is equipped with a variety of test equipment and experimental instruments, and can carry out earth observation. Its two sides are equipped with retractable large solar cell wings, solar sensitizers, various antennas, as well as a variety of docking mechanisms.
The return capsule is located in the middle of the spacecraft, and is the cabin section where the astronauts ride, as well as the control center of the spacecraft. It is not only the same as other modules to withstand the takeoff, ascent and orbital operation section of the various stresses and flight environment, but also to withstand the return to the re-entry phase of the atmosphere deceleration overload and aerodynamic heating. It is a closed structure with a hatch at the front end for astronauts to enter and exit the orbital module.
The propulsion module is immediately behind the return capsule, and is usually equipped with a propulsion system, power supply, gas cylinders and water tanks, etc. It plays the role of safeguard and service, providing power for the spacecraft, attitude control, orbit change and braking, and providing oxygen and water for the astronauts. Both sides of the propulsion module is also equipped with more than 20 square meters of the main solar cell wings.
The transition segment is on top of the spacecraft and is used for docking with other spacecraft or for space exploration.
On top of the spacecraft is an 8-meter-high escape tower. It is equipped with 10 engines. In the launch of the spacecraft rocket takeoff 900 seconds to 160 seconds after takeoff period (0 - 110 kilometers), such as failure, it can drag the return module and orbital module and the rocket separation, and fall to safety, so that the spacecraft astronauts turn into safety.
The guide umbrella, deceleration umbrella and the main umbrella on the spacecraft is made in Shanghai, the giant umbrella of 1200 square meters, the quality standard is both firm and light
3. Spaceflight Knowledge
One of the most important uses of spaceships is to shuttle astronauts and supplies for space stations and moon bases and so on, and at a much lower cost than the Space Shuttle.
The Mir space station currently in orbit and the previous Salute series of space stations, as well as the U.S. Skylab space station, all use spacecraft for transportation to and from Earth. The former Soviet Union's Soyuz 15 was used as a means of transportation to and from heaven and earth. The Soviet Union's Soyuz 15 spacecraft flew back and forth between the Salute 7 and Mir space stations and docked, becoming the world's first "bus**** car" in space. The world's first "public **** car" in space.
People working and living in the space station for a long time, at any time there may be dangers, for example, astronauts sudden acute illness, space debris or meteors pierced the astronauts living in the pressure chamber bulkhead. This would require the astronauts to immediately evacuate the space station and return to Earth.
Due to the small size, light weight and low cost of the spacecraft, so it is very suitable for long-term docking in the space station as a lifeboat, it to the space station to bring the burden is not big. In 1984, the former Soviet Union "Salute 7" space station failure, it is docked on the station of the "Soyuz" spacecraft to the two cosmonauts to withdraw to the ground in an emergency.
The ISS, which is currently under construction, will also use Soyuz 1TM as a lifeboat during its initial operation. If you use the valuable space shuttle as a lifeboat for a long period of time in the space station, it is not worth it, the use of efficiency is too low.
And will give the space station to carry a big burden, greatly increasing the cost of the space station attitude control and maintain orbital altitude. Because spacecraft have propulsion systems, they can maneuver to change orbit, which allows them to rapidly reduce altitude for military activities such as reconnaissance.
The United States "Gemini 7" spacecraft in orbit during the flight, the spacecraft astronauts have used infrared remote sensors to monitor and track the launch of a submarine-launched missiles, the information obtained than the submarine observers reported faster. Future manned interplanetary flights, for the present and foreseeable future, will be pioneered by spacecraft, and probably by manned Mars spacecraft.
In this century, mankind has successfully launched two types of spacecraft, satellite and moon landing, and in the 21st century, it is expected to develop interplanetary spacecraft to send people to other planets for sightseeing.
The spaceship, which entered the cosmic space under the transportation of multi-pole rockets, carried out the world's incomparable voyage, the Earth in its eyes is just a walnut, all the stars have become small, and human beings because of its development, not only to expand the space of life, but also to accelerate the speed of human progress. Spaceships and return satellites have similarities, because of the manned, so add a lot of ad hoc systems to meet the astronauts in space to work and live in a variety of needs.
For example, environmental control and life support systems for air renewal, wastewater treatment and regeneration, ventilation, temperature and humidity control, etc., telegraph communication systems, instrumentation and lighting systems, space suits, manned maneuvering devices and escape rescue systems. Space rendezvous and docking technology is a key technology in the manned spacecraft project, as it is the only way to provide transportation functions for other spacecraft.
Of course, mastering spacecraft re-entry and safe return technology is also crucial. Especially the spacecraft, in addition to making the spacecraft in the return process of braking overload limit within the human tolerance, but also should make its landing point accuracy than the return satellite, so as to find and rescue astronauts in time.
The Soviet manned spacecraft was once trapped in an icy forest almost frozen to death because of the poor precision of the fall point. Currently, the only countries that have mastered spacecraft return technology are the United States, Russia and China.
From the structural point of view, mankind has developed three kinds of structure of the spacecraft, namely, one-compartment type, two-compartment type and three-compartment type. Among them, the one-cabin type is the simplest, with only the astronauts' cockpit.
The two-compartment spacecraft consists of a cockpit and a service module that provides power, electricity, oxygen and water. It improves the working and living environment of astronauts.
The world's first astronaut to leave the capsule, Leonov, traveled on the Soviet Union's Ascent spacecraft and the United States' Gemini spacecraft, both of which belong to the two-cabin type. The most complex is the three-compartment spacecraft.
It is based on the two-compartment spacecraft or add an orbital module (satellite type spacecraft), used for activities in space, scientific experiments, etc., such as the former Soviet Union / Russia "Soyuz" series of spaceships; or add a lunar module (lunar landing type spacecraft), used in the lunar surface landing and leaving the lunar surface, such as the United States "Apollo. In terms of types, in addition to manned spaceships, there are cargo spaceships and manned cargo hybrid spaceships among the launched spaceships.
According to the different missions, manned spaceships can be divided into satellite-type manned spaceships, manned spaceships to the moon and interplanetary manned spaceships. The first two have been successfully launched in the 20th century, and the latter is expected to be realized in the 21st century, probably a manned Mars spacecraft.
Remember: Although spaceships are simpler than space shuttles and space stations, they must be very technically demanding, right? Pang: Of course. Although manned spacecraft is the simplest type of manned spacecraft today, with short flight time, return along the ballistic or semi-ballistic path, single-use and other characteristics, in fact, it is also very complex, so now only China, Russia and the United States have it.
When a spaceship returns to the ground, the smaller the return weight, the better, in order to decelerate, prevent heat and structural needs. For this reason, generally the only thing that really returns to the ground is the cockpit, which is also an important reason for the compartmentalized design.
It has to be like an airplane in the air to throw off the sub-tanks and multi-stage rockets to throw off the sub-stage rockets after the flameout like "light load". Therefore, the shape of the spacecraft cockpit design is very important.
The cockpit is the core of the manned spacecraft, usually using a wingless large blunt rotating body, some are spherical, some are bell-shaped. The use of this simple shape has a simple structure, engineering easy to realize and so on.
At the same time, the cockpit generally have a wide view of the porthole, so that astronauts to observe the pre-launch preparatory activities, in-orbit rendezvous and docking situation, return to the attitude at the time of ignition and re-entry landing on the ground, etc.. Russian astronauts have successfully docked manually through the porthole on several occasions when the automatic docking system failed.
In addition, in order to keep astronauts working efficiently, the atmospheric pressure and composition of the cockpit, oxygen supply, removal of carbon dioxide and water vapor, water and food, and space suits have to be studied meticulously, and all of them require very complex technology to accomplish. The airlock compartment of the spacecraft has two gates, one connected to the cockpit called the inner gate, and the other is the outer gate that allows access to space.
Astronauts are seated before leaving the capsule.
4. I went to the moon essay
This Sunday I was home alone.
I tossed and turned in bed, thinking: what to do? I could make a little spaceship! I brought a piece of paper, cut it into an oval shape, and then cut a boat tail. Finally, I wrote "626 small spaceship" on the ship with a colored pencil! This little spaceship is not bad at all! In this dark and quiet night.
I was alone in my bed fiddling with this little spaceship. After a while, a pleasant sound reached my ears.
I looked out of the window and saw the "626 spaceship"! At this time, the hatch opened.
I looked out the window: Oh, it was the "626 little spaceship"!
He said ": I'm called Ideal, I'm here to take you to the moon." I jumped up and down with joy when I heard that.
I put on a thick spacesuit and got into the spaceship. "The spaceship took off with a bang.
In the spaceship a child suddenly popped out and he said ": My name is Knowledge, please make me a friend!" ": My brother." Ideal said with a stubble.
Another boom and the ship landed. Knowledge turned on the microphone and said ": There is no oxygen on the moon for humans to live on.
"": Let's go to the lunar expedition station." After saying this we set up our spaceship and went to the expedition station.
An old grandfather took me to visit: the lunar hospital. Lunar power station and other various places. After the tour, the old grandfather said ": I call science.
When you grow up, come more often!" ": Uh-huh." I answered.
When returning to the ship, I asked Ideal ": Where is your home?" ": In the book." Ideal answered mysteriously.
I thought I must read more and make friends with books.
5. A little knowledge about space, an introduction to space
Cosmic space beyond the Earth's atmosphere, the whole of space beyond atmospheric space. Space
Physicists divide the atmosphere into five layers: the troposphere (sea level to 10 kilometers), the stratosphere (10-40 kilometers), the mesosphere (40-80 kilometers), the thermosphere (ionosphere, 80-370 kilometers), and the exosphere (ionosphere, 370 kilometers or more). About 3/4 of the atmosphere over the Earth is in the troposphere and 97% is below the stratosphere, the outer edge of which is the maximum limit for aircraft to fly on air support. Certain high-altitude rockets can enter the mesosphere. The lowest orbits for artificial satellites are within the thermosphere, where the air density is 1% of the Earth's surface. Air continues to exist at an altitude of 16,000 kilometers, and there are still air particles even at an altitude of 100,000 kilometers. From a strictly scientific point of view, there is no clear boundary between airspace and outer space, but rather a gradual convergence. The Scientific and Technical Subcommittee of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space has pointed out that it is not yet possible to propose precise and lasting scientific criteria for the delimitation of outer space and airspace. In recent years, there has been a tendency to use the minimum altitude of artificial satellites above the ground (100-110) kilometers as the lowest limit of outer space.
6. Interesting Spaceflight Facts
1. Is it difficult for astronauts to go to sleep in weightlessness? This is a question worth discussing because there are many reasons that affect sleep.
First, it is important to distinguish whether astronauts work in space on one or two shifts. On the ISS and most space shuttles, all astronauts sleep at the same time, and they hang their sleeping bags wherever they like to sleep, such as on the wall, in the corner, on the ceiling, and so on.
When astronauts worked in shifts, as on some shuttles including Spacelab, astronauts slept in a small bunk that, when closed, insulated them from the noise coming from the studio. At first, astronauts have a somewhat uneasy feeling that they are lying in a cramped shoebox, and most have the illusion that their backs are comfortable for 10-15 seconds.
However, when you are going to sleep, you need to get used to the fact that you don't feel your back and sides, and that you are in fact floating in a sleeping bag, just hanging upside down from a rope, so that the feeling of gravity that makes you sleepy is not there, and some astronauts are not quite used to this. Some of the astronauts are not used to it. They are so sleepless and nervous that they have to take sleeping pills to fall asleep.
Others sleep well even in this special environment. It should be added that if you sleep with your head in an unventilated place, the exhaled carbon dioxide collects near your nose, and when the carbon dioxide in your blood reaches a certain level, an alarm system at the back of your brain will warn you, causing you to wake up and you will feel short of breath.
At that point, you take a few steps or change places, and you can fall asleep again. 2. Do astronauts feel anything special when they are dressed in space? Space suits for astronauts are usually no different from what we wear on Earth, except for special requirements for comfort and safety.
For example, the suit must be made of fireproof material. When wearing a space suit in weightlessness, the astronaut is effectively floating inside the suit, and only feels clothed when the suit touches the skin.
3. Is it fun to float in space? Astronauts agree that floating in space is fun once you've adapted to the microgravity environment. By the way, scientists don't like to refer to microgravity as zero gravity, because unless you're standing right in the center of a spacecraft in free-fall around the Earth, you're inevitably affected by tiny accelerations and tides, and even if they're as small as one-millionth of the Earth's gravitational pull, you can't think of it as no gravity or zero gravity.
This is why we call it weightlessness. Living in microgravity is interesting and feels different to different people.
About 30-40% of first-time astronauts experience "space adaptation syndrome" (a form of motion sickness) in the first two to three days in space, while others do not. Blood flows to the upper body, congesting the sinuses and tongue and affecting one's senses, and within a week or so, the astronaut's body reacts by adapting to weightlessness.
In weightlessness, the spine lengthens due to the absence of gravity, making the person taller (1-2 inches taller). In weightlessness, when all the muscles are relaxed, there is a gentle lifting of the thighs upwards, the arms are stretched out in front, and the body is slightly arched as if in water.
Since there is no sense of "up" or "down" and you need to rely on other markers to determine "up" and "down", the space shuttle's interior has been designed to be a very comfortable place to be.
Since there is no sense of "up" or "down" and you need to rely on other markers to determine "up" and "down", the interior of the Shuttle was designed to be oriented differently by the ceiling and floor. In microgravity, astronauts often get the illusion.
When an astronaut tells his or her brain which direction is "up," it immediately assumes it is an illusion. As a result, orientation, transfer, or movement in space does not feel the same as on the ground.
Walking in space is very easy, and astronauts quickly become accustomed to walking around and anchoring themselves to the station with fixed feet. Walking in space in a space suit becomes much more difficult due to the large size of the overalls, which are like putting on a balloon, with limited vision and tactile senses.
4. How long can you wear a space suit? Generally you can wear it for 5-7 hours. Of course, it depends on the expendable materials in the suit, such as oxygen, electricity, cooling water, etc.
The suit can be worn for up to 5-7 hours.
Space suits are like small spaceships, and working in a space suit is hard work. The duration of wear is also related to the comfort and abrasion resistance requirements of the wearer.
5. What happens if I break a bone or get seriously ill in space? Fortunately, NASA's 120 astronauts in space have never encountered such a situation. In the early days, there were problems with Apollo 13 astronaut Fred's urinary infections and minor flu problems.
The spacecraft always had enough medicine on board to deal with these emergencies. In the event of an accident during flight around the Earth, whether on the shuttle or on the ISS, it is important to return the astronauts to Earth as quickly as possible.
NASA has also developed a large, seven-passenger return capsule for the ISS that is designed to be used as a "space ambulance" in special circumstances. In the event of a fracture, the spacecraft is also equipped to immobilize bones.
When human beings set off into outer space, such as in the expedition to Mars, the spacecraft will carry medical equipment, one or more astronauts are well trained in medical knowledge, they can rescue and treatment. Because in this case, return to Earth in the short term is not possible.
When possible, the spacecraft will be equipped with experienced doctors. 6. How many people can the space station accommodate? The ISS can accommodate up to seven astronauts.
The number of astronauts increased from 3 to 6 at the beginning, and to 7 in 2003 (but now, due to the problem of resources on the station, there are only 3 astronauts on board - translator). Of course, it is not possible to return all the crew immediately in an accident.
That's why NASA is improving the return capsule so that it can accommodate more people than the Russian Soyuz spacecraft. 7. How do astronauts on the space station spend their spare time in space? They each have their own favorites based on their different preferences.
In flight, they can each pick their favorite entertainment. Some can use their laptops to read or email family members, some listen to music or play games, and some just talk on the phone with friends and family on the ground or chat with other coworkers.
But absolutely.