1. Application of optical tweezers technology to single-molecule force spectroscopy. In layman's terms, a single molecule to be tested (e.g., double-stranded DNA or a polypeptide chain or a protein molecule) is immobilized at each end on a micrometer-scale blob. A strong laser is used to trap one of the spheres, and the displacement of the other is observed (usually the laser is used to drag the sphere farther away, and then the sphere is released, and how the sphere relaxes back to its original position reflects the mechanical properties of the biomolecule linking the two spheres, e.g., the dodgy problem of protein folding). Of course, in order to describe the above easier, I only give an example involving two spheres optical tweezers, the earliest in fact only a small ball, but the principle is almost the same.
2. Single-molecule fluorescence sequencing technology. The principle is to label different nucleotides with dyes, and then when they are synthesized one by one on DNA, use the high temporal and spatial resolution of a single molecule to identify them, in order to achieve high-throughput and efficient sequencing. Some labs have begun to collaborate with companies on sequencing research such as this one Pacific Biosciences: Home www.pacificbiosciences.com比如这个实验室 He Group - University of Chicago One more thing I would like to mention here is that because of epigenetics, base analogs, and base modifications nowadays, there is a need for a more efficient way of sequencing DNA. analogs, base modification and de-modification, and DNA damage and repair, how to detect ATCG bases in a DNA sequence has been upgraded to how to detect methylated (or methoxylated, or carboxylated, etc.) modifications in a DNA sequence, and how to detect the sites of deletion, etc., and so on, I'm kind of inclined to think that there is a lot of room for the development of sequencing, or at least a lot of demand for the technology for a while. So I'm kind of inclined to think that sequencing technology has a lot of room to grow, or at least that the demand for it is going to stay high for a while.