1. Independent level
After the outbreak of the Pacific War, the US Navy urgently needed aircraft carriers to deal with the powerful Japanese joint fleet. At that time, the shipyard was building a large number of Cleveland-class light cruisers, and decided to take out nine Cleveland-class light carriers under construction and rebuild independent light carriers (note).
From 1942 to 1943, all nine independent aircraft carriers are in service. In the Pacific War, the aircraft carrier Independence became the protagonist of the Pacific Fleet together with the new heavy aircraft carrier Essex. 1In the Mariana naval battle in June, 944, the US military dispatched six Essex-class heavy aircraft carriers and all nine independent light aircraft carriers, which hit the Japanese joint fleet in one fell swoop. After that, it was invincible in all Pacific wars. Only one ship of this class was sunk by Japan. 1944, 10/0 On October 24th, Princeton was hit by a 250kg armor-piercing projectile dropped by a Japanese plane, penetrating the flight deck and hangar, and exploded on the main armor plate, causing a fire and spreading to the hangar. After 40 minutes, the crew on board were evacuated due to fire and smoke, leaving only the damaged personnel and the friendly ship to carry out rescue. Finally, the fire detonated the aerial torpedo on the ship and cracked the hull, so the US military had to torpedo it with destroyers. This ship is also the only one in this class that lost in the war, and it is also the last fleet aircraft carrier with the worst loss in American history (only one bomb was scrapped). After the war, the independent class did not meet the requirements of carrying jets. All but three ships were demolished.
Name of ship, ship number, translation, construction time, completion time and results
Independent CVL-22 was used in1941.3.1.02.31.1.946, which was used in the atomic bomb test in Bikini Atoll in 2008. 46638.68866666666
Princeton CVL-23 Princeton1941.6.21943.2.251944.10.24 Wright Bay sank after being hit hard by the Japanese army.
Bellewood CVL-24 belowwood1941.8.11.1943.3.31.1953.9.5.
Cobens CVL-25 caupers1941.1.171943.3.281961year.
Monterey CVL-26 Monterey1941.12.291943.6.171963 disintegrated.
Langli CVL-27 Langli1942.3.161943.8.311951.8 was sent to France.
Cabot CVL-28 cabot1942.4.11943.7.241967.9.3 was sold to Spain.
Bataan CVL-29 Bataan1942.8.31943.5.131959 disintegrated.
The CVL-30 Sanjacinto River in San Jacinto collapsed on1942.10.261943.5438+02.5438+051968.
Note: 9 Cleveland ships: CL-59 Amsterdam, CL-6 1 Telahas, CL-76 New Haven, CL-77 Huntington, CL-78 Dayton, CL-79 Wilmington, CL-85 Fargo, CL-99 Buffalo, CL-65438. All nine ships were rebuilt by the New York Shipyard.
2. Saipan level
Imitating the independent class, the Saipan-class light aircraft carrier rebuilt on the basis of the Baltimore-class heavy cruiser looks like an independent class, but the displacement is slightly larger, similar to that of a raider. These two ships were registered in September 1943, both of which were built after the war and were used as aircraft carriers for a period of time. Later, by using their wide flight decks and hangars, they were transformed into command ships.
Saipan CVL-48 was built in 1946 and retired in 1975.
Wright CVL-49 was built in 1947 and retired in 1977.
British two-stage aircraft carrier at the same time
3. "colossus level"
This class of ships is used for fleet operations and not for anti-submarine escort. In order to increase the size without increasing the displacement, the armor of this class of ship was cancelled; On the premise of ensuring structural rigidity, some "sandwich" protective structures in the ship are reduced. In order to speed up the construction, the hull below the waterline was built according to Lloyd's Register of Shipping's merchant ship code. In order to meet the need of acceleration, the ship adopts twin-shaft propulsion. There are *** 10 ships in this class (Perseus and Pioneer are actually aircraft maintenance ships), and most of them were delivered before the end of the war. However, only one ship actually took part in the battle.
Standard displacement13190t, total length 211.8m, width 24.5m, draught 7m, power 42,000 HP, and speed 25 knots. Military equipment: 6 quadruple guns (3 guns *), 19 40mm single-barrel guns (10 * 20mm guns), 48 aircraft carriers (converted into aircraft carrier maintenance ships without aircraft carriers *), 1076 crew members.
Chinese translation of ship name: construction time, service time and end use
Colosso Giants/KOOC-0/942.6./KOOC-0/9/KOOC-0/944.4./KOOC-0/6/KOOC-0/946.7.23 Retired. 8.6 sold to France under the name Arromanches. 195 1 year repurchased into a helicopter carrier, 174+0.27 years retired. Disintegrate later.
Revenge1942.1161945.1.151952.1. 1956 It was resold to Brazil and renamed as "Minas Gerais".
Respected1942.12.31945.1.1947.3.30 retired. 1948 sold to the Netherlands. 1968. 1 1.8 for resale to Argentina. 1986 retired and disintegrated.
Pioneer1942.12.21945.2.281946 retired and 1954 disintegrated.
Glory glory1942.8.271945.4.21957 retired, 196 1 dissolved.
Ocean Ocean/KOOC-0/942./KOOC-0/.8/KOOC-0/945.8/KOOC-0/958 retired,/KOOC-0/962 disintegrated.
Perseus Perseus/KOOC-0/942.6./KOOC-0/945./KOOC-0/0./KOOC-0/9/KOOC-0/957 Retired and disintegrated the following year.
Theseus, Prince of Athens, abdicated in1943.1.61946.2.9+0958, and was dissolved in 1962.
Triumphal triumph1943.1.271946.3.9191year disintegration.
Warriors1942.12.12.1948.11946-1948 rented to Canada./kloc
4. The level of "majestic class"
1942 The light aircraft carrier planned to be built is an improved giant aircraft carrier. Its main dimensions and main engine are the same as those of the giant-class aircraft carrier, but its displacement has increased, and its carrying capacity and artillery have changed. Six ships were started from April 1943 to June 1 1, and the construction of "Beasts of the Sea" stopped after World War II. The remaining five ships were completed from June 1948 to June 1, and were sold and leased to India, Australia and Canada respectively. Standard displacement14000t, total length 2 1 1.8m, width 24.5m, draft 7m. Power: steam turbine, 42,000 horsepower, speed of 24.5 knots, armament: 30 40 mm naval guns, 34 aircraft carriers, crew 1 100 people.
"Majestic": 1955, sold to Australia and renamed as "Melbourne";
Terrible: 1948 was sold to Australia, and 1949 was built and renamed "Sydney".
Magnificent:/kloc-built in 0/948, lent to Canada,/kloc-returned to British navy in 0/957, and disintegrated in 0/965.
Powerful: 1952 sold to Canada, 1957 built, renamed Bonnevincher, retired in the mid-1960s.
Hercules: 1957 sold to India, 196 1 built, renamed "Viklandt", still in service.
Answer: 2005- 10-24 10:40
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Yan Qian 03
[Senior] Wasp class is a new multi-purpose amphibious assault ship being built by the US Navy. The main task of this class of ships is to support landing operations, followed by the implementation of sea-making tasks. Originally planned to build 12 ships, 6 ships have been built. The first seven ships were all built by Inges Shipyard. The first ship Sasp entered the service at 1989, and the second to fourth ships entered the service at 1992~ 1994 respectively. The fifth Bataan was commissioned in September 1997, and the sixth Shan Richard was commissioned in July 1998.
It was specially designed by the US Navy for carrying AV-SB Harrier vertical/short takeoff and landing aircraft and the new LCAC air cushion landing craft. This class of ship integrates many functions such as helicopter attack ship, amphibious assault ship, dock landing ship, amphibious transport ship and hospital ship. Is a veritable amphibious combat generalist.
The wasp-class ship has a full displacement of 40,500 tons; It is 257.3m long, 42.7m wide and 8.3m draught. The flight deck is 250 meters long and 32.3 meters wide. The power plant consists of two steam turbines with power of 140000 horsepower; The maximum speed is 22 knots and the endurance is 9500 nautical miles/18 knots; The crew is 1077. This class of ship is the largest tonnage amphibious ship in the world at present. 127; The ship with the most helicopters. Its hangar covers an area of 1.394 square meters and has three decks, which can store 28 CH-46E helicopters. The flight deck can also park 14 CH-46E or 9 CH-53E helicopters. Below the deck of the stern hangar is the dock, which is 8 1.4m long and can carry 12 LCM6 mechanized landing craft or 3 LCAC air cushion landing craft. & amp 127; In front of the dock is a two-story vehicle cabin, which can carry about 200 tanks and vehicles. Wasp-class ships are also very capable of carrying landing troops and their equipment and materials. Its typical landing force carrying capacity is to help 74 landing personnel, 5 Ml tanks, 25 light armored vehicles, 8 M 198 howitzers, 68 trucks, L-type fuel trucks and other vehicles. This class ship also has relatively complete medical facilities, second only to hospital ships, with 600 beds and multiple operating rooms and consulting rooms.
The main task of the Bumblebee class ship is to carry out amphibious attacks and provide air support for the Marine Corps. It can carry 30 CH-53D/E, CH-46E, AH- 17, SK-60B/F helicopters and 6 AV-8B aircraft. But the difference is that this class of ships can also play the role of manufacturing seagoing ships. At this time, there are 20 AV ships on board. Type B aircraft and six SH-60B/F anti-submarine helicopters can undertake short-range tactical attack missions and anti-submarine missions, or provide air protection for surface ship formations and act as aircraft carriers.
Because the wasp-class ship has enhanced its command, communication and control capabilities, it can be used as a command ship for amphibious operations to command and control an amphibious assault battle of brigade scale. In order to increase the area of the flight deck on board, the wasp class ship is equipped with a small number of weapons. These weapons are similar to those on the aircraft carrier, including two 8-pack "Heisparo" short-range air defense missile launchers, three dense array short-range weapon systems, eight-door 12.7 mm cannon and four six-tube chaff/infrared jamming rockets. This makes the defense of ships must be provided by escort ships and carrier-based aircraft.
[technical characteristics]
The "Wasp" class is developed on the basis of the "Tarawa" class amphibious assault ship, and many improvements have been made in reducing the height of superstructure, installing streamlined bulbous bow, increasing the capacity of hangar and dock, enhancing the capability of three defenses, expanding medical capacity and increasing maintenance facilities. Its main technical features are as follows.
1. The overall configuration is reasonable and practical.
The overall design of this class of ships is basically similar to that of Tarawa class. But it is more reasonable and practical in the utilization of loading space. The hangar is about the captain's 1/3, with an area of 1394 square meters. It can store 42 "Sea Knight" helicopters and 9 helicopters on the flight deck. There is a dock at the stern below the hangar deck, accounting for about 2/5 of the captain's length. Enclosed by the stern door and springboard, the air-cushion landing craft enters and exits the dock from here. In front of the dock is a three-deck cabin, which is divided into upper and lower vehicle decks. The ammunition compartment, cargo compartment and storage compartment are arranged under the dock compartment and the lower vehicle deck.
2. Enhance the comprehensive armament capability
The enhancement of the armament capability of this class of ships is mainly manifested in weapons and electronic equipment. In terms of weapons, first, it has strengthened its air combat capability and equipped it with "Sea Sparrow" air-to-air missiles; Second, it is equipped with a variety of aircraft, especially helicopters, which can perform a variety of tasks flexibly and effectively. In terms of electronic equipment, it is equipped with various radars, fire control and electronic warfare, especially two sets of operational data processing systems (data links 4A 1 1, 14, 16), which are combined with satellite communication systems. Because of its powerful command, communication and control capabilities, this class of ships can be used as the flagship of landing warfare when necessary.
3. Carry equipment according to the task
"Wasp" class can be equipped with different equipment (aircraft and landing craft, etc.). ) according to the task. For example, in the landing operation, it carried 42 "Sea Knight" helicopters and 6 "Harrier" aircraft; In the sea-building mission, it carried 20 Harriers and 6 SH-60B Seahawk helicopters. The mixed helicopter also includes "sea stallion", "sea cobra" and "Double Huey". These aircraft can perform tasks such as attack, anti-submarine, mine clearance, supply, transportation and short-range support as needed.
4. The medical facilities are complete and very good.
This class ship is equipped with good and complete medical facilities, including 1 hospital, 600 beds, 6 operating rooms, 4 dental treatment rooms, 1 X-ray room, 1 blood bank and several laboratories. In order to transport the sick and wounded conveniently, a special elevator is equipped.
After the service of this class of ships, the landing combat capability of the US Navy has been greatly enhanced.
[Performance data]
1. Main dimensions and displacement
Light load displacement: 28,233 tons, full load displacement: 40,532 tons.
Total length: 257.3m. Waterline length: 240.2m.
Ship width: 42.7m Waterline width: 32.2m.
Draft: 8. 1m Flight deck length: 249.6m.
Flight deck width: 32.3m.
Step 2 perform
Speed: 22kn Endurance: 18kn 9500 miles.
Crew: 1077 (98 officers)
[Equipment condition]
The US Navy plans to build a 12 wasp-class universal amphibious assault ship, and six ships have been built so far. The first seven ships were all built by Inges Shipyard. The first ship Sasp entered the service at 1989, and the second to fourth ships entered the service at 1992~ 1994 respectively. The fifth Bataan was commissioned in September 1997, and the sixth Shan Richard was commissioned in July 1998.
[Financial situation]
The budget of the sixth ship is $6543.8+0.2 billion.
[subsystem]
1. power plant
Main power system: two Westinghouse steam turbines with 70,000 horsepower and two shafts.
Propeller: 2 fixed pitch propellers.
Power station: 5 sets of 2500kW steam turbine generator sets and 2 sets of 2000kW emergency diesel generator sets.
2. Weapons
Missiles: Raytheon GMLSMK29 8-unit air-to-air missile launchers, 16 puffin missile.
Naval gun: three sets of MK 15 six-tube 20mm "dense array" short-range weapon systems of General Electric/General Dynamics Company;
812.7mm machine guns.
Fixed-wing aircraft: 6 ~ 8AV-8B Harrier; Carry 20 aircraft of this type in the sea-building mission.
Helicopter: 42 ch-46e sea knights, and can carry ah- 1w super cobra, ch-53e super stallion, ch-53d sea stallion, uh- 1n weekend, ah- 1t sea cobra.
3. Electronic equipment
Radar: 1 SPS52C three-coordinate aerial search radar (LHD1);
1 SPS48E coordinate radar (other ships);
1 SPS49(V)9 aerial search radars;
1 MK23 target search system (tas);
1 SPS67 maritime search radar;
1 SPS64(V)9 navigation radar;
1 SPN35A aircraft approach control radar;
1 SPN43B air traffic control radar;
2 URN25 TACAN tactical navigation radars;
1 CISMKXUPX-29 IFF radar.
2 MK95 fire control radars
Fire control system: 2 sets of MK9 1 missile fire control systems;
1 Sys-2 (V) 3 integrated automatic detection and tracking system (IADT).
Electronic warfare system: 4 or 6 MK36 six-tube fixed decoy launchers;
1 set of SLQ25 "water mirror" torpedo bait system;
1 NATO "sea mosquito" bait device;
SLQ49 jamming buoy 1 set;
1 set of AEBSSQ95 bait system;
1 set of SLQ32(V)3 joint radar warning, jamming and deception electronic warfare system.
Operational data systems: Integrated Tactical Processing System for Landing Warfare (ITAWDS) and C2 System for Naval Landing Tactics (MTACCS).
4. Military transport capacity
Marine Corps: 2,074
Landing craft: 12 LCM6 mechanized landing craft or 3 air cushion landing craft;
Four large-scale personnel landing craft.
Fuel: 1232t aviation fuel.
(-) Development background and plan
The Hornet Class (LHD 1) is a first-class multi-purpose amphibious assault ship, and it is also the first time that the US Navy uses a new air-cushion landing craft and an improved Harrier vertical short takeoff and landing aircraft to support landing operations. It was developed to replace the "Iwo Jima" class amphibious assault ship retired in the 1990s, and became the first-class amphibious warship of the US Navy in the 1990s and early next century.
The main task of this class of ships is to support landing operations, followed by the implementation of sea-making tasks. Originally planned to build 12 ships, it is now changed to
Eight ships and six more have been built, all of which were built by Ingles Shipyard. The first Wasp was built and put into use in 1989.
The second to sixth ships are in service from 1992 to 1998 respectively. Now the seventh ship is under construction, and the eighth ship has not been officially ordered.
The budget of the sixth ship of this class is $654.38+$02 billion.
(2) Overall performance and equipment
1. Main dimensions and displacement
No-load displacement (t)28233
Full load displacement (t)40532
Total length (m) 257.3
Waterline length (m) 240.2
Ship width (m) 42.7
Waterline width (m) 32.3
Draft (m)8. 1
Cockpit length (m) 249.6
Cockpit width (m) 32.3
Step 2 perform
Speed (kn) 22
Durability (nm/kn) 9500/ 18
Crew (name) l007(98 officers)
3. Power plant
Main power system: two Westinghouse steam turbines with 52,200 kW (70,000 HP) and two shafts.
Propeller: 2 fixed-distance propellers.
Power station: 5 sets of 2500kw steam turbine generator sets and 2 sets of 2000kw emergency diesel generator sets.
4. Weapons
Missiles: Raytheon GMLSMK29 eight-mounted air-to-air missile launchers, 16 puffin missile; Two general-purpose power ramjet air-to-air missile launchers, each with 2 1 tube.
Naval gun: three MK 15 6 short-range weapon systems of 20mm "dense array" made by GE/ General Dynamics Company; eight
Quite 12.7mm machine gun.
Fixed-wing aircraft: 6-8 AV-8B Harrier aircraft; Carry 20 aircraft of this type in the sea-building mission.
Helicopters: 42 CH-46E "Riding on the Sea", which can carry AH-/KOOC-0/W "Super Cobra", CH-53E "Super Stallion", CH-53D "Sea Stallion", uh-/KOOC-0/N "Weekend" and AH-/KOOC-0/.
5. Electronic equipment
Radar: Part L SPS-52C three-coordinate air search radar (LHD1); L SPS-48E coordinate radar (other ships); L SPS-49(V)9 air search radar; L sets of MK23 target search system (TAS); L SPS-67 maritime search radar; L SPS-64(V)9 navigation radar; L SPN-35A aircraft approach control radar: L SPN-43B air traffic control radar; 2 MK95 fire control radars; 1 URN25 TACAN tactical navigation radar; 1 CISMKXVUPX-29 IFF radar.
Fire control system: 2 sets of MK9 1 missile fire control systems; L set of SYS-2(V)3 integrated automatic detection and tracking system (I-ADT).
Electronic warfare system: 4 or 6 MK36 six-tube stationary jamming rocket launchers; L sets of SLQ-25 "water mirror" torpedo bait system; L NATO "sea mosquito" interferes with rocket launchers; 1 set of SLQ-49 jamming buoys; 1 set of AEBSSQ-95 bait system; 1 SLQ-32(V)3 integrated radar warning, jamming and deception electronic warfare system.
Operational data system: amphibious combat integrated tactical processing system (ITAWDS) and naval amphibious tactical C2 system (MTACCS).
6. Military transport capacity
Marine Corps: 2,074.
Landing craft: 12 LCM6 mechanized landing craft or 3 air cushion landing craft; 4 large-scale personnel landing craft
Fuel: 1232t aviation fuel.
L-Gall MK 29 eight-pack air-to-air missile launcher; 2? ZMK 15 six-tube 20mm "dense array" gun; 3. Satellite communication system; 4? SPS-52C air search radar; 5? SPS-49(V)9 radar; 6-MK23 target search system; 7? SPS-67 maritime search radar
(3) Analysis and review of technical characteristics
The "Wasp" class was developed on the basis of the "Tarawa" class amphibious assault ship, mainly to reduce the height of the superstructure. Many improvements have been made in installing streamlined spherical nose, increasing the capacity of hangar and dock, enhancing the three-prevention ability, expanding medical capacity and increasing maintenance facilities. Its main technical features are as follows:
1. The overall configuration is reasonable and practical.
The overall design of this class of ships is basically similar to that of Tarawa class. But it is more reasonable and practical in the utilization of loading space. The hangar is about the captain's 1/3, with an area of 1394m2, and can store 42 "Sea Knight" helicopters and 9 flight deck helicopters. There is a dock at the tail of the hangar deck, accounting for about 2/5 of the captain's length. Closed by doors and springboard, the air-cushion landing craft enters and exits the dock. In front of the dock is a three-deck cabin, which is divided into upper and lower vehicle decks. The ammunition compartment, cargo compartment and storage compartment are arranged under the dock compartment and the lower vehicle deck.
2. Enhance the comprehensive armament capability
The enhancement of the armament capability of this class of ships is mainly manifested in weapons and electronic equipment. In terms of weapons, first, it has strengthened its air combat capability and equipped it with "Sea Sparrow" air-to-air missiles; Second, it is equipped with a variety of aircraft, especially helicopters, which can perform a variety of tasks flexibly and effectively. In terms of electronic equipment, it is equipped with various radars, fire control and electronic warfare, especially two sets of operational data processing systems (4A, 1 1, 14 and 16 data links), which are combined with satellite communication systems. Because of its powerful command, communication and control capabilities, this class of ship can be used as an amphibious command ship when necessary.
3. Carry equipment according to the task
"Wasp" class can be equipped with different equipment (aircraft and landing craft, etc.). ) according to the task. For example, in the landing operation, it carried 42 "sea-mounted" helicopters and 6 "Harrier" aircraft; In the sea-building mission, it carried 20 Harriers and 6 SH-60B Seahawk helicopters. The mixed helicopter also includes "sea stallion", "sea cobra" and "Double Huey". These aircraft can perform tasks such as attack, anti-submarine, mine clearance, supply, transportation and short-range support as needed.
4. The medical facilities are complete and very good.
This class ship is equipped with good and complete medical facilities, including 1 600-bed hospital, 6 operating rooms, 4 dental treatment rooms, 1 X-ray radiology department, L blood bank and several laboratories. In order to transport the sick and wounded conveniently, a special elevator is equipped. After the service of this class ship, it greatly enhanced the amphibious combat capability of the US Navy.