1993, the American government announced the implementation of a new high-tech plan-"National Information Infrastructure", aiming at establishing an information superhighway in the information age based on the Internet, so that all Americans can conveniently * * * enjoy a huge amount of information resources. The proposal of this plan has led to the rapid development of the information industry in the United States, entered a new economic era dominated by the network economy, and created enormous economic and social benefits. Nowadays, in the face of the fierce financial crisis, American economic and social development is facing unprecedented challenges, and a brand-new economic growth point is urgently needed to pull the economy out of the trough and meet the long-term prosperity again. As a result, the Internet of Things strategy-"Smart Earth" came into being.
In 2008, IBM put forward the "Smart Earth" plan, the core of which is the Internet of Things. The Internet of Things has an extremely wide industry coverage and influence. The development of the Internet of Things can not only promote the development of emerging information technology industries, but also promote the development of many traditional industries such as intelligent energy, intelligent transportation and intelligent medical care. Introducing the Internet of Things technology into family life can also bring smart homes. Because the Internet of Things can comprehensively improve the living standards of residents and improve the operational efficiency of the whole economy and society, the development of the Internet of Things is called the third wave of the development of the world information industry after computers and the Internet.
Nowadays, the "smart earth" strategy is considered by Americans to have many similarities with the "information superhighway" of that year, and it is also considered by them to be the key strategy to revitalize the economy and establish a competitive advantage. Whether this strategy can set off a wave of science, technology and economy like the Internet revolution of that year has attracted worldwide attention.
Second, the research status of "smart city"
The concept of smart city
Digital city and physical city
Digital cities exist in cyberspace, and virtual digital cities and real physical cities are mapped to each other, which is the digital representation of real physical cities in the network world (Li Deren & Yao Yuan & Shao Zhenfeng & et al, 20 14)
Definition of Smart City
? Figure Related knowledge points of "Smart City" research
Smart cities are built on the basic framework of digital cities and connected with real cities through ubiquitous sensor networks. Mass data storage, calculation, analysis and decision-making are handled by the cloud computing platform, and various facilities are automatically controlled according to the analysis and decision-making results. (Li Deren & Shan Jie & Shao Zhenfeng et al., 20 13)
That is, smart city = internet of things+big data+cloud computing.
? (Li Deren, Yao Yuan, Shao Zhenfeng. , 20 14)
The Construction Course of Smart City
? Figure the process of smart city construction at home and abroad
(Wang Guangbin, Zhang Lei, Liu Honglei, 20 13)
Third, the industrial application of the Internet of Things in smart cities
The application of 1. in people's livelihood. People's livelihood big data includes population, environment, transportation, health, economy and other data.
2. Application in the field of market supervision. Mining technology can be used to analyze different changing market data, so that relevant departments can respond to market changes in time, improve accurate early warning of future practices and conduct real-time supervision.
3. Application in the field of government services. You can enjoy helping to form information between government departments or between government and citizens.
4. Applications in the field of infrastructure. It can collect and analyze the data of traffic and power facilities more conveniently, and can promote the construction of urban infrastructure more perfectly.
"People's livelihood" has always been the most important entry point for the global Internet of Things market and the local development of China. A number of applications around people's livelihood, such as home-based pension, science and technology agriculture, food traceability and car networking, are maturing.
Example:
1. For example, the product "companion" system. Through a sensor and a big cushion, we can monitor the physical condition of the elderly at home and judge whether it is necessary to inform children or community doctors. Through the sensor at the foot of the bed, the remote monitoring center can find the abnormal changes in the physiological data of the elderly, such as the huge changes in heartbeat and blood pressure, and then issue an early warning at the far end. The service center can guide this, or contact the children, or contact the street to provide help. And another big mat on the ground can detect whether the old man falls. Judging whether there is an accident by data such as the posture of falling to the ground and the length of time lying on the ground. This system has been piloted in some communities in Shanghai.
2. In recent years, from poisonous cowpea, gutter oil and lean meat, to bleached mushrooms and chemical hot pot ... In the face of frequent food safety incidents, I can't help but ask, what is safe to eat? How can enterprises regain the trust of consumers? Networking technology can be used as a comprehensive control system to control risks from the source.
For example, using the Internet of Things technology, the grease in kitchen waste is discharged into a special oil drum, and information such as the quantity, time and place of grease is automatically uploaded to the supervision system through the Internet. Transport vehicles use GPS to track the path, and the trajectory information is also uploaded to the supervision system ... Through big data technology, when data such as GPS trajectory information and oil drum identity information are found to be abnormal, the system will promptly remind the supervision department to handle it.
3. American research companies surveyed more than 600 leaders from the education and IT industries, and nearly half of them thought that in the next two years, the Internet of Things technology would change the way students learn on campus.
Specifically, the smart campus embeds sensors into various objects, such as canteens, classrooms, libraries, water supply systems, laboratories and so on. And generally connect to form the "Internet of Things", and then integrate the "Internet of Things" with the existing Internet to realize the integration of teaching, life, campus resources and systems.
For example, streaming video courses and data analysis can help teachers track students' learning situation, customize teaching content according to students' ability level, and predict students' implementation.
4. The application potential of Internet of Things technology in the medical field is also huge. It is generally believed that the next 20 years will usher in the era of artificial intelligence diagnosis and treatment.
For example, pediatrics will record every heartbeat of premature babies and sick children, and then combine these data with historical data. Based on these analyses, the system can detect the infection before the baby has any obvious symptoms, so that doctors can intervene and treat it early.
Telemedical monitoring is also increasing. Using Internet of Things technology, a patient-centered remote consultation and continuous monitoring service system based on critically ill patients is constructed. It can reduce the number of patients entering hospitals and clinics.
Fourth, the value and pain points of big data in the Internet of Things.
Simply put, the Internet of Things actually uses the Internet to connect all objects in reality with sensors, and on this basis, a large amount of data will be generated. How to mine useful information from these data and make full use of this resource is the most difficult and valuable.
For example, data for monitoring the health status of the elderly can be provided to medical institutions, pension institutions and the like. In addition to informing children and community doctors. You can even use these data to make a corresponding pension plan for each elderly person.
The same is true of data for monitoring food safety. In addition to providing convenient supervision for the government, it can also be provided to catering institutions. Display kitchen information, resume of ingredients, whereabouts of kitchen waste and other information on the Internet platform, so that consumers can enter the enterprise at any time through the Internet. A data can play three functions of monitoring, management and publicity at the same time.
The value of data is powerful. Facebook, the overlord of SNS, plays beautifully with its massive user data. Facebook can know when you are dating someone else and when you break up. On the third day after Valentine's Day this year, Facebook published the findings of a group of scientists in its data research department through its development blog, that is, using the statistics of Facebook website, we can judge whether and when the users who posted posts triggered love.
Facebook, with 270 million active users, has mastered hundreds of millions of user information. Using a certain model, we can mine infinitely interesting information from these data. For example, the music people like at the beginning of a new relationship, the goods they like and so on.
With the continuous evolution of Internet of Things technology and the rapid development of smart cities, all kinds of big data are constantly being discovered and applied in practice. Therefore, what needs to be developed simultaneously is the ability of data mining and decision analysis. Turn big data into data assets and build smart cities into smart interconnected cities.