Race against time to rescue the buried personnel: after the earthquake, the traffic was cut off, and foreign aid personnel and equipment could not arrive at the scene in time. A large number of people buried in collapsed buildings must be rescued in a short time. At this time, time is equal to life. According to the statistics after Tangshan earthquake, the survival rate within half an hour is 95%; The first day is 81%; 53% the next day; 37% on the third day; Day 419%; 7% on the fifth day. About 570,000 people were buried in Tangshan at that time, and 450,000 people escaped through timely self-help and mutual rescue.
First, repair the lifeline project, create necessary conditions for disaster relief: 1, restore communication, and provide reliable information for the central government to allocate rescue manpower and material resources. Tangshan Post and Telecommunications Bureau immediately organized employees to participate in the battle to restore communication. 13: 20, connected with radio communication in the province. Thanks to the efforts of operators and maintenance personnel in Shijiazhuang, Tangshan and Qinhuangdao, wireless communication in Tangshan, Fengnan and Qinhuangdao has been opened one after another. On the morning of July 29th, all the long-distance direct dial telephones from Tangshan to Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and Shenyang were connected. By July 3 1, more than 400 lines in counties and townships damaged by the earthquake in Tangshan area basically resumed calls. On September 1 day, telegraphs and telephones were opened in all parts of Tangshan, and postal routes were restored.
2, restore traffic, to ensure that rescue workers and materials in place quickly. The Ministry of Railways and the Railway Corps Joint Command for Earthquake Relief have successively deployed more than 42,000 people from 28 units, including 12 Railway Bureau, 6 engineering bureaus, 3 railway corps and/kloc-0 pontoon, to form an emergency repair force. Repairing the army is based on the principle of "repair first, then improve; Emergency rescue and disaster relief adopts the principle of "trunk line first, then branch line". At first, ten thousand people were concentrated to repair the trunk line, and on August 3, Jingshan and Tongtuo lines were connected, so that the train was transferred from Tongtuo line to the eastern section of Jingshan line and entered Tangshan. Then concentrate14,000 people to make a full-scale assault on Jingshan Line to repair subgrade, track and bridge. At 7: 40 pm on August 7, Jingshan was successfully opened to traffic. August 10 double track repair. The Highway and Bridge Department of the Ministry of Communications is responsible for directing highway emergency repair, and has sent more than 4,500 people to be responsible for the maintenance and reinforcement of key bridges. Tangshan Highway Department and local people dispatched 15000 people to repair roads and erect temporary wooden bridges. On August 3rd, traffic from Beijing and Tianjin to Tangshan resumed. On August 10, the city's expressway traffic was fully restored to traffic.
3, repair power facilities, provide electricity for emergency rescue and disaster relief equipment in time. In order to restore the power supply in Tangshan disaster area as soon as possible, the front-line command of Beijing Electric Power Administration of the Ministry of Water and Electricity organized more than 4,000 people's power repair teams, and the power repair teams from all parts of Northeast China and Shijiazhuang, Xingtai, Zhangjiakou, Chengde, Baoding and Qinhuangdao in the province also arrived in Tangshan in batches. Together with the power workers in Tangshan disaster area, they quickly launched a battle to repair power supply equipment and restore power supply in accordance with the principles of power supply first, simple power generation first, sound first and focus first. Thanks to the joint efforts of the local power repair team and Tangshan power workers, the city resumed power supply on August 9.
Third, take effective measures to treat the wounded and sick in time;
After the earthquake, more than 600,000 injured people were in urgent need of treatment. The injuries of the wounded are serious and complicated, with the largest number of fractures, accounting for more than 50% of the wounded. There are many wounded and serious injuries, and the rescue work is very urgent. In view of the actual situation at that time, we adopted two methods:
1, local processing. Within 6 days after the earthquake, in addition to the more than 3,500 medical staff of the 13 medical team organized by Hebei Province, Shanghai, Shanxi, etc. 1 1 0400 medical teams were dispatched by provinces and cities; The People's Liberation Army of China dispatched more than 65,438,000 medical teams and more than 5,000 medical personnel. Tangshan earthquake relief frontline headquarters and Tangshan disaster relief headquarters at all levels set up medical and health teams in time to coordinate rescue work. Based on the principle of "saving lives first, treating serious injuries first, then treating minor injuries", the wounded were debrided, bandaged and fixed in pieces, and emergency surgery was performed on critically ill patients on the spot. Medical team members work around the clock, working in cars without operating rooms, and replacing lighting equipment with flashlights.
2. Transfer to other places for treatment. On July 30, the CPC Central Committee decided to transfer the seriously wounded in Tangshan to other places for treatment, and asked all localities to pay attention to registering the names and work units of the wounded. If they die, they should take photos, cremate their bodies and store their ashes in urns for their families to find. The former refers to the establishment of specialized institutions to transport the wounded, mobilizing thousands of vehicles, and concentrating the seriously injured scattered in various temporary medical points to ten military stations along the railway and Tangshan Airport for transshipment to other places. For places where cars are difficult to pass, 90 helicopter sorties were used, and nearly 1,000 wounded people were sent to Tangshan Airport. In the process of waiting for the wounded, medical staff will make rounds at any time for treatment, as well as specialized nursing staff, stretchers, boards and so on. Will be provided after boarding or riding.
Four. Carefully organize and arrange people's lives: 1, and solve the drinking water problem. Thousands of earthquake survivors are facing serious threats of hunger, thirst, injury and disease. People who broke free from the ruins were extremely thirsty, but the water supply in the whole city was interrupted, and people could only drink water from pits, swimming pools and baths to maintain their lives. The municipal government adopted a number of temporary emergency measures to solve the drinking water problem of the victims, and opened 9000 tons of water stored in the storage tanks of various standby water plants to the masses; Use more than 30 self-provided wells in the urban area to provide local water supply for the masses; Organize fire engines, sprinklers and tankers all over the country to transport water to designated points and supply water to households; Using compensation wells to lay hoses around the city, forming a large number of temporary water supply points. Counties near Tangshan also mobilized the masses to overcome difficulties and used all available tools such as cars, carriages, platoon cars, water tanks and capsules to deliver water to the city day and night.
2. solve the problem of eating. After the earthquake, the whole city stopped cooking. In order to solve the problem of food for the victims, the provincial frontline headquarters urgently mobilized all cities in the province to make cooked food such as pancakes, steamed buns and biscuits day and night. After receiving the task of processing 5,000 kilograms of cooked food at 0: 00 on July 30th, Shijiazhuang Catering Company immediately mobilized 339 cadres and workers from 35 sales departments to start various processing machines. It took only five hours to process more than 6,000 kilograms of cooked food and transport it to the disaster area in time. People in many places and cities voluntarily undertake the task of processing cooked food for Tangshan disaster area. Some provinces and cities also sent a lot of biscuits and bread. The cooked food delivered to Tangshan one after another reached 2.435 million kilograms.
3. solve the problem of wearing. Many victims who escaped from the earthquake had to be wrapped in cloth, sheets and plastic sheets. Distribute clothes, shoes and socks in time according to the disaster situation.
4. Solve the housing problem. After the earthquake, thousands of people slept on the streets, so we must solve the housing problem quickly. According to the construction policy of "mobilizing the masses, relying on the collective, self-reliance, using local materials, simple and humble, and gradually improving", the building is required to be earthquake-proof, rain-proof, wind-proof, cold-proof and fire-proof (that is, five precautions). The masses picked up old bricks and stones from the ruins, dug up wood to make doors and windows, brought loess and soil nearby, and built the first batch of simple houses. In order to let Tangshan people live in houses before it gets cold, the People's Liberation Army invests 60,000 troops every day. I work 17 or 18 hours a day. At night, when there is no electric light, I use flashlights and car lights to illuminate, and when there is no mud trowel, I use my hands to wipe it. In a very short time, I built a simple house of more than 5200 square meters for people in 8 units. The major factories and mines in the city are not only responsible for the construction of their office buildings and collective public houses, but also send a group of professional construction teams composed of manpower, the People's Liberation Army and street residents. At the height of construction, more than 654.38+ten thousand people invested in urban areas every day. At the peak, each county organized more than 27,000 professional teams to build houses, and more than 97,000 people participated in building houses. Before winter, the victims in the city moved into simple houses one after another. The house was equipped with electric lights and a kang.