(Full score:100; Examination time: 60 minutes)
Possible relative atomic mass: h-1c-12o-16mg-24cl-35.5ti-48.
A multiple-choice question (only 1 option in each question meets the meaning of the question.
Please draw the options for each small question on the answer sheet.
This question 15 small questions, each small question is 2 points * * *)30 points.
1. Among the top ten scientific advances in 2008 selected by American Science magazine, the following four studies mainly belong to the field of chemical inquiry.
A. Observing extrasolar planets B. Mapping cancer genes
C, developing high-temperature superconducting materials D, calculating the world weight of substances.
There is a bottle of hydrochloric acid with broken label in the laboratory.
What do you think is reasonable in order to immediately determine whether it is concentrated hydrochloric acid?
A. guess hypothesis B. get information C. conduct experiments D. exchange discussions
On September 27th, 2008, Chinese astronauts successfully completed the spacewalk.
In order to solve the problem of astronauts' breathing, the substances to be provided by the extravehicular spacesuit are as follows
A. Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and water
Not long ago, Japanese scientists successfully arranged the world's smallest element symbol-Si with silicon atoms.
Some information about silicon in the periodic table is shown in the figure. The following statement about silicon is wrong.
A. the symbol of the element is "Si". B. it belongs to metal elements.
C. The atomic number is "14" D. The relative atomic mass is "28.09".
Some elements are called "flowers of wisdom". If the human body lacks this element, it will cause goiter. This element is
A. iron b, iodine c, calcium d and zinc
6. The following are some excerpts from Wang Hua's Collection of Wrong Questions, which need not be corrected.
A. iron rusts easily in humid air.
B. washing oil with washing powder is a dissolution phenomenon.
C. When the temperature reaches the ignition point, combustible materials will burn.
D. ammonium bicarbonate [NH4HCO3] is a compound fertilizer.
7. The following substances all contain carbon, among which the simple substance is
A.C60 B.CO C . C2H2 D . CH3OH
8. The following items have nothing to do with the purification process of tap water.
A. adsorption B. precipitation C. electrolysis D. disinfection
9. The following figure shows the solubility curve of calcium hydroxide.
When the temperature is 5℃ in winter and 38℃ in summer (ignoring the evaporation of water), the impossible situation is
A. the solution becomes cloudy. The solution becomes unsaturated.
C. the quality of the solution becomes smaller. D. the mass fraction of solute becomes smaller.
10. The anti-counterfeiting ink in the new version of RMB contains a compound (element symbol F, valence-1) composed of magnesium and fluorine, and its chemical formula is
A.MgF B.MgF2 C.Mg2F D.Mg2F2
1 1.09 At the CCTV Spring Festival Gala in 2009, Taiwan Province magician Liu Qian shocked people with his incredible performance. Among the props used in his performance, those belonging to synthetic materials are
A. glass B. gold ring C. coin D. rubber band
12. The following experiments failed to achieve the expected purpose.
A. Use soapy water to distinguish hard water from soft water. B. Use iodine water to distinguish starch from sucrose.
C. Distinguish hydrochloric acid and brine with phenolphthalein test solution D. Distinguish polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride with ignition method.
13. The experimental operation shown below is correct.
Check the air tightness of the equipment. Add zinc particles to the test tube to heat the channel of liquid solid medicine.
A B C D
14. Xiaoming often doesn't eat breakfast, and the food that should be supplemented in time when he has severe hypoglycemia symptoms is
A. eggs b vegetables c glucose water d rice
15. The picture on the right is a schematic diagram of onlookers simulation of a chemical reaction.
The information obtained from the chart is incorrect.
A. Molecules are composed of atoms before and after the reaction.
B. there is a certain gap between molecules.
C. molecules in chemical reactions can be divided into atoms.
D. Chemical reaction belongs to displacement reaction (representing one atom and another atom).
Fill in the blanks and answer briefly (4 small questions in this question, ***32 points)
16.( 15 minutes) A large amount of wastewater dissolved with FeSO4 _ 4 and CuSO4 _ 4 was collected in the waste bucket of a chemical laboratory in a school. If it is directly discharged into the sewer, it will not only cause heavy metal pollution but also cause waste.
Students in Class Two, Grade Three should use the newly learned "Sequence Table of Common Metal Activities" and other related chemical knowledge to treat wastewater.
(1) Review the common metal activity sequence table, and fill in the corresponding element symbols in the blanks in the table below.
Potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, iron, tin, lead (hydrogen), copper, mercury and platinum
Metal fluidity changes from strong to weak.
(2) Design an experimental scheme for removing copper ions and recovering ferrous sulfate crystals and copper, and discuss related issues:
① Before adding metal X, the wastewater should be filtered to remove neutral impurities.
The instruments required for filtration operation are:,, (Please select the appropriate instrument from the figure below and fill in the instrument name).
(2) Metal X is, and the chemical equation of its reaction after adding wastewater is:
Solution y is used to remove impurities from copper, and the chemical equation of the reaction is.
③ The operation method of obtaining ferrous sulfate crystals from the filtrate is as follows.
17.(5 points) Food contaminated by mold will produce aflatoxin (C 17H 12O6), and human special genes will mutate under the action of aflatoxin, which will induce cancer.
(1) Aflatoxin belongs to (fill in "inorganic matter" or "organic matter") and consists of three elements in mass ratio.
(2) Due to improper use of chemical substances, there are more and more chemical terms that give people a bad impression: Sudan Red, Melamine, …….
The following practices will not endanger human health (fill in the serial number).
A. Soak seafood with formaldehyde B. Squeeze oil with moldy peanuts.
C, baking soda is used as the loosening agent of the cake, and D, industrial salt sodium nitrite is used for curing fish.
18.(6 points) The Phoenix Mars probe successfully completed its mission and sent back an unprecedented number of images and data to the ground, providing valuable scientific information for human exploration of Mars.
(1) The latest photos sent back by the Phoenix probe show that liquid water does exist on Mars.
The following schematic diagram of the particle model shows that the particles that make up water are (fill in the numbers).
a b c d
(2) Mars is rich in carbon dioxide and magnesium resources.
Scientists assume that magnesium can be used as a fuel on Mars in the future, because burning magnesium in carbon dioxide can release a lot of heat and produce magnesium oxide and carbon at the same time.
The chemical equation of this reaction is.
(3) The soil in the Arctic of Mars is weakly alkaline.
If Mars has the conditions for crop growth, the crops listed in the table below are more suitable for planting in the North Pole of Mars.
Asparagus, strawberry, radish and potato
The suitable ph value for growth is 5.5 ~ 7.85.5 ~ 6.55 ~ 85.6 ~ 6.
(4) According to the British "Today's Mail" report, scientists say that the water in Martian soil remains liquid at -37℃ because perchlorate in the soil is dissolved in water, which makes the freezing point of the solution rise (fill in "increase" or "decrease").
19.(6 points) The theme of World Environment Day in 2009 is "The earth needs you, unite to deal with climate change".
Please answer the following questions:
(1) Fossil fuel combustion can convert chemical energy into energy, which is an important energy source in human production and life.
But the burning of fossil fuels will produce colors and greenhouse gases, which will lead to the greenhouse effect.
So, what do you think of the use of fossil fuels? (Write a little).
(2) China actively develops green energy and reduces the emission of polluting gases.
Used for ① hydroelectric power generation; ② Wind power generation; ③ Natural gas power generation; ④ Solar power generation; ⑤ Among the five power generation methods such as garbage incineration, which one do you think is beneficial to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (fill in the serial number)?
Experiment and inquiry (this question has 1 small question, ***29 points)
20.(29 points) Xiao Qiang saw in the instruction manual of chemical oxygen self-rescuer that "carbon dioxide in human exhaled gas can produce oxygen after contacting with oxygen generator (potassium peroxide KO2) in self-rescuer canister, and he has a desire to explore the chemical reaction principle in self-rescuer.
Under the guidance of the teacher, Xiao Qiang and his classmates carried out the following two experimental inquiry activities, please participate.
Activity 1: Use the complete set of devices consisting of A, B, C and D as shown in the figure below and related drugs to make oxygen and collect oxygen.
a b c d
(1) Carbon dioxide is produced from limestone and dilute hydrochloric acid. The following figure can be used for device A (fill in the serial number), and the chemical equation of the reaction is as follows.
① ② ③
(2) absorbing carbon dioxide which has not reacted with potassium peroxide with sodium hydroxide solution in device C. ..
Please write the chemical equation of the reaction between sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide.
(3) The method of collecting oxygen is determined according to the nature of oxygen.
It is proved that the generated gas is oxygen, which is used for inspection.
Activity Ⅱ: Explore what substances are claimed by the reaction of carbon dioxide and potassium peroxide besides oxygen?
[Teacher's Tip] There are only two products of the reaction between carbon dioxide and potassium peroxide, one is oxygen and the other is a compound.
[Guess] What is the compound produced by the reaction of carbon dioxide with potassium peroxide? Xiao Qiang put forward the following three conjectures:
(1) it is an acid; ② alkali; ③ It is carbonate.
Through the analysis of the composition of the elements related to the reactants, Xiaoying thinks that the guess sum (fill in the serial number) must be wrong, because.
[Experiment] The students verified another conjecture of Xiao Qiang through the following experiment.
Experimental steps, experimental phenomena and experimental conclusions
Solid after the reaction of carbon dioxide with potassium peroxide
Guess (fill in the serial number) is correct. The compound produced by the reaction of carbon dioxide with potassium peroxide is
(insert name).
[Exchange discussion] (1) Xiaoying thinks: the chemical equation of the reaction between carbon dioxide and potassium peroxide.
(2) The teacher pointed out that the moisture contained in the exhaled gas can also react with potassium peroxide to generate oxygen.
Xiaoying briefly introduces a simple chemical method to identify whether the oxygen generator potassium peroxide in the oxygen self-rescuer tank needs to be replaced:
.
(3) Xiao Qiang briefly describes the chemical reaction principle that chemical oxygen self-rescuer can realize oxygen self-rescue.
Four calculation questions (there are two small questions in this question, ***9 points)
2 1.(4 points) physiological saline is commonly used in medical treatment to replenish body fluids for patients.
At present, there are 500g of 0.9% physiological saline, which contains solute sodium chloride G, which can be obtained by diluting 10% sodium chloride solution G. ..
22.(5 points) Titanium alloy is an important material in 2 1 century.
The reaction chemical equation for industrial preparation of metallic titanium (Ti) is TiCl4+2Mg Ti+2MgCl2.
How many tons of magnesium chloride can be produced at the same time when titanium metal 12t is prepared?
Reference answers and grading standards
A multiple-choice question (this question * * has 15 small questions, each with 2 points and * * * 30 points).
The title is1234567891012131415.
Answer C C B B B A A C B B D C A C D
Fill in the blanks and give a simple answer (***32 points)
16.( 15 points)
(1) sodium, zinc and silver (per cell 1 min, ***3 points)
(2)① Not allowed; Beaker, glass rod, hob, funnel
②Fe (or iron); Fe+cuso 4 = feso 4+Cu； Dilute sulfuric acid; Fe+H2SO4 = FeSO4+H2 ↑③Crystallization (or evaporation crystallization or cooling crystallization) (chemical equation 2 points, other Meg 1 minute, *** 12 points).
17.(5 points)
(1) organic matter; 3; 17: 1: 8 (2) C (the mass ratio is 2 points, the remaining Meg 1 minute, ***5 points).
18.(6 points)
( 1)b ( 1)
(2)2 mg+carbon dioxide 2 mg+carbon (2 points)
(3) asparagus and radish (65438+ wrong answer Meg 0, ***2)
(4) Reduce (1 min)
19.(6 points)
(1) heat; CO2 (or carbon dioxide); Control the use of fossil fuels and increase the proportion of new energy and new energy (except bioenergy) (the answer is reasonable) (Meg 1, ***3).
(2)①②④ (Meg was wrongly deducted 1 point, * * * deducted 3 points)
Experiment and inquiry (29 points in this question * * *)
20.(29 points)
Activity Ⅰ
( 1)③; CaCO3+2HCl = CaCl2+H2O+CO2 = (2 points per cell, ***4 points)
(2) 2 NaOH+CO2 = Na2CO3+H2O (2 points)
(3) Drainage (or upward exhaust); Insoluble in water (or denser than air); A wooden strip with Mars.
(Meg 2 points, ***6 points)
Activity Ⅱ
[Guess] ① ② (2 points)
Neither carbon dioxide nor potassium peroxide contains hydrogen. According to the law of conservation of mass, it is impossible to generate hydrogen-containing acids and bases (reasonable answer) (2 points).
[Conduct an experiment]
Experimental steps, experimental phenomena and experimental conclusions
Sampling the solid after the reaction of carbon dioxide and potassium peroxide, adding dilute hydrochloric acid, and introducing the generated gas into sufficient clarified limewater to generate a large number of bubbles.
The conjecture that lime water becomes turbid (fill in the serial number) is correct. The compound generated by the reaction of carbon dioxide with potassium peroxide is potassium carbonate.
or
Experimental steps, experimental phenomena and experimental conclusions
Sampling the solid after the reaction of carbon dioxide and potassium peroxide, adding distilled water to prepare saturated solution, and then adding saturated calcium hydroxide solution. The conjecture that colorless solution appears white turbidity (fill in the serial number) is correct, and the compound generated by the reaction of carbon dioxide with potassium peroxide is potassium carbonate.
(For each box 1, ***7, all other reasonable answers are given points.
Experimental steps, phenomena and conclusions should correspond to each other)
[communication and discussion]
(1) 4ko2+2co2 = 2k2co3+3o2 (2 points)
(2) Take a small amount of identified oxygen generator in a test tube, drop a small amount of water, and observe whether there are bubbles. Put the wooden strips with Mars into the test tube and observe whether the wooden strips are rekindled, so as to judge whether the oxygen generator needs to be replaced (2 points).
(3) Potassium peroxide can absorb carbon dioxide in exhaled gas and convert it into oxygen that can supply breathing (2 points)
Four calculation problems (***9 points)
2 1.(4 points) 4.5 45 (2 points each, ***4 points)
22.(5 points) 47.5 tons