Country name: Colombia*** and The Republic of Colombia
Independence Day: July 20 (1810)>>>
National Day: July 20 (1810)
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National Flag: Rectangular in shape, with a length to width It consists of three parallel horizontal rectangles, yellow, blue and red, from top to bottom, with the yellow part occupying half of the flag and the blue and red parts each occupying a quarter of the flag. yellow symbolizes the golden sunshine, grains and rich natural resources; blue stands for the blue sky, the sea and the rivers; and the red symbolizes the blood spilled by patriots in the struggle for the independence of the country and the liberation of the nation.
The national coat of arms: the centerpiece is the coat of arms. In the middle of the shield is a "cap of freedom", symbolizing freedom and liberation. In the upper part of the shield are two ram's horns, symbolizing abundance, and in the middle is a red pomegranate. Colombia was once known as "Nueva Granada*** and the country", and "Granada" means "pomegranate" in Spanish. The lower part of the coat of arms depicts Colombia's geographic position bordering the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Caribbean Sea to the north. The upper part of the coat of arms is an American eagle holding a wreath of laurel leaves, symbolizing the country's independence and glory; the ribbon under the eagle's talons reads "freedom, order" in Spanish, meaning that freedom is practiced under order. The coat of arms is flanked by two national flags.
National dignitaries: President Alvaro Uribe Vélez, in office since August 2002
Physical geography: 1141748 square kilometers (except islands and territories). Located in the northwest of South America, it is bordered by Venezuela and Brazil to the east, Ecuador and Peru to the south, Panama in the northwest corner, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
Festive lights in Plaza Bolivar, Bogota, the capital city
Population: 44.53 million (2003). Of these, 60% are mixed Indo-European, 20% are white, 18% are mulatto, and the rest are Indian and black. The annual population growth rate is 1.79%. The official language is Spanish. The majority of the population is Catholic.
Capital: Bogota, population 6.49 million (2001). The average annual temperature is 14°C.
Currency: Peso>>>
Brief history: In ancient times, the territory was home to the Chibcha and other Indians, and in the 1536th century, it was colonized by Spain and called Nueva Granada. On July 20, 1810, it declared its independence from Spain, which was later suppressed, and in 1819, following the victory of the insurrectionary forces led by Bolivar, the Liberator of South America, at the Battle of Boyacá, Colombia finally gained its independence. , Colombia finally gained independence.
Colombian soldiers saluting
In 1821 and 1822, Colombia formed the Gran Colombia*** Peace State together with the present Venezuela, Panama and Ecuador***, but the two countries withdrew from the state in 1829 and 1830, and were renamed the Nueva Granada*** Peace State in 1831. In 1903 the Province of Panama declared independence from Colombia under the instigation of the USA. After independence, the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party took turns ruling the country; in May 2002, Uribe, an independent, was elected president with more than half of the votes in the first round of the general election, breaking the political pattern of alternating rule between the two traditional parties.
Politics: Under the constitution, Colombia is a centralized state. Legislative, executive and judicial powers are separated. The president is directly elected and is the head of state and government. The Congress is the legislative body of the country. The Cabinet is the executive branch of government and is under the direct authority of the President. Representative democracy is practiced, with the separation of legislative, judicial and executive powers; the President is the Head of State and Government, as well as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, and is directly elected for a non-renewable term of office; the establishment of the Vice-President has been restored; provincial mayors have been replaced by directly elected ones; and the freedoms of security of the person, belief, association, labor, thought and education are guaranteed, as well as the State's responsibility for ensuring that human rights are respected.
Economy: rich in natural resources, with coal, oil and emeralds as the main deposits. Proven coal reserves of about 24 billion tons, ranking first in Latin America. Oil reserves of 1.8 billion barrels, natural gas reserves of 18.7 billion cubic meters, emerald reserves ranked first in the world, bauxite reserves of 100 million tons, uranium reserves of 40,000 tons. There are also deposits of gold, silver, nickel, platinum and iron. The forest area is about 49.23 million hectares. Historically, Colombia is an agricultural country mainly producing coffee. 1999, affected by the Asian financial crisis and other impacts, the economy fell into the worst recession in 60 years. 2000, the economy began to recover, and after that, it has been maintained at a low rate of growth. 2003 the growth rate accelerated, the construction industry continued to grow, the demand for electricity increased, the momentum of the financial sector is good, the increase in loans and private investment, and the expansion of exports of traditional products. The country is one of the most important tourist centers in Latin America, with a well-developed tourism industry. 2003 saw 620,000 foreign tourists. The main tourist areas are: Cartagena, Santa Marta, Santa Fe Bogota, San Andreas and Providencia Islands, Medellín, Guajira Peninsula, Boyacá and so on.
Press and Publications: There are about 400 newspapers and magazines in the country. The main newspapers are: El Tiempo, El Spectator, El Nuevo Centro, **** and El Nacional. The main magazines (all weekly) are: La Guía, La Nueva Frontera, La Generalización Económica, La Mundo, and La Motto. All of the above newspapers are in Spanish. The Colombian News Agency (Agencia Colombiana de Noticias) is the largest private news agency in the country, founded in 19811, and provides news to nearly 20 newspapers and radio stations throughout the country. There are 582 radio stations in the country. "Radio Nacional is the only State-run radio station, founded in 1940. "The Colombian Broadcasting Corporation (CBS), the National Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) and Radio Todrál are the three larger private broadcasters, with transmitters and rebroadcasters throughout the country. Television began in 1954. There are 15 television stations in the country, three of which are state television stations and broadcasters, but one or two are leased out under contract to private television producers and broadcasters, while the third is directly managed by the state and broadcasts cultural and educational programs.
Foreign affairs: pursues a foreign policy of independence, non-alignment and pluralism. Diplomacy focuses on furthering close relations with the United States, strengthening cooperation with Latin America, especially neighboring countries, consolidating traditional ties with the European Union, and enhancing exchanges and cooperation with Asia-Pacific countries.
Relations with China: on February 7, 1980, Colombia established diplomatic relations with China.
①Name of the country. In the northwestern part of South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean in the west, the Caribbean Sea in the north, Venezuela in the east, Brazil in the southeast, Peru and Ecuador in the south, and Panama as a neighbor in the northwest. Area 1.142 million square kilometers. The population is 30.6 million (1987), of which 57% are Indo-European, 20% are Caucasian, 14% are mulatto, and the rest are blacks and Indians. Spanish is the national language and the majority of the population is Catholic. The capital is Santa Fe de Bogotá. In addition to the coastal plain in the west, for the west, center and east of the three parallel Cordillera Mountains constitute the plateau, between the mountains there are wide areas, the south has a series of volcanic cones, the northwest for the Magdalena River downstream floodplain, waterways, lakes and marshes are widely spread. The east is the Amazon River and the Orinoco River upstream tributary alluvial plain, accounting for about two-thirds of the country's total area. The equator runs across the south, the south and west coast of the plains for the tropical rainforest climate, to the north gradually turned to savannah and dry grassland climate, altitude 1,000-2,000 meters of the mountainous area is subtropical, 2,000-3,000 meters of the temperate zone, 3,000-4,500 meters of the frigid grasslands, 4,500 meters above the alpine zone of the year-round snow. Rich in mineral resources, mainly oil, coal, gold, platinum, iron, copper, emerald, etc., in addition to silver, zinc, nickel, bauxite, lead, uranium, etc.. Hydraulic power reserves amount to 50 million kilowatts. Forests cover more than half of the country. The country was colonized by Spain in the sixteenth century, declared independence from Spanish rule on July 20, 1810, and gained independence in 1819. 1822 saw the formation of the Greater Colombia **** and State with present-day Ecuador and Venezuela, and after the withdrawal of Ecuador and Venezuela in 1829 and 1830, the country was called the Nueva Granada **** and State in 1831, and was renamed the Confederation of Colombia's Nine Departments in 1861, and then the United States of America in 1863, as well as the United States of Colombia, and then the United States of America in 1863. In 1863 it was renamed the United States of Colombia, and in 1886 the name was changed to the State of Colombia*** and in 1903 the Province of Panama in the territory seceded from Colombia and established the State of Panama*** and the State of Panama. The economy was mainly based on agriculture, with half of the country's labor force employed. Coffee accounts for more than one-third of the total value of agricultural output, and ranks second in the world in terms of production and exports, after Brazil. Other major crops include rice, corn, bananas, sugar cane, cotton and tobacco. Animal husbandry is relatively developed, with pastureland accounting for 28.9% of the total area. The mining industry is mainly based on the exploitation of oil and coal, and is the main gold-producing country in Latin America, with platinum production ranking fourth in the world and emerald production ranking first in the world. Industrial development is relatively fast, and its output value has accounted for more than one-fifth of the GDP. Sugar, coffee processing, textile-based light industry accounted for more than 70% of the total industrial output value, as well as metallurgy, machine manufacturing, automobile assembly, cement, chemicals, oil refining, petrochemicals and so on. Tourism has developed rapidly. Coffee is the major export, accounting for more than 50% of the total exports; followed by coal, gold, oil, bananas, precious metals, as well as textiles, clothing, cement and so on. Flower exports rank second in the world after the Netherlands. Input machinery and equipment, vehicles, industrial raw materials and food. Transportation is mainly highway, air transportation is also more developed. The largest city and capital of South Carolina, USA. Located in the center, the end of the Congaree River. Population of 99,000, 408,000 large urban areas (1980). 1786 built as the state capital, destroyed in 1865 during the Civil War, and then rebuilt. It is still one of the centers of the cotton industry in the south, and has developed industries in the processing of agricultural and forestry products, electronic instruments, glass, plastics, and fertilizers. Cultural and educational center. There are many universities. ③ city in central Missouri, the United States. 48 kilometers north of Jefferson City. Population 62,000 (1980). Founded in 1821, the city was established in 1826. The surrounding area is well developed in agriculture and animal husbandry. Industries include dairy, brick and tile, and printing. Major medical and academic centers. There is a state cancer hospital, a state mental hospital, the University of Missouri, and Christian University. ④ Town in southern Mississippi, USA. 120 km south of Jackson. Population 7,700 (1980). A nearby trading point and industrial center producing cotton, grain, poultry, and cattle. Crude oil and natural gas are extracted, and there are industries in clothing, furniture, pulp, and plywood.
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