According to Article 4 1 of the Bidding Law,
Article 41 The bid of the winning bidder shall meet one of the following conditions:
(a) to meet the comprehensive evaluation criteria specified in the tender documents to the maximum extent;
(two) to meet the substantive requirements of the tender documents, and the evaluated bid price is the lowest; Only the bid price is lower than the cost.
As can be seen from this clause, the main bid evaluation methods are as follows
(1) comprehensive bid evaluation method;
(2) The lowest bid evaluation method.
I. Comprehensive bid evaluation method: (commonly known as "scoring method")
Features: All terms of the tenderer's qualification, technology, business and service are converted into a certain score, with a total score of 100. When evaluating bids, all indicators of bidders shall be reviewed and checked for compliance, and scores shall be given. Finally, the bidder with the highest score will be selected as the winning bidder.
When evaluating bids, the judges score independently and do not discuss with each other; Finally, summarize the scores.
superiority
1, it is relatively easy to formulate bid evaluation methods and standards for specific projects;
2. When evaluating bids, the judges can easily "score" against the standards;
general idea
1, the specific items, indicators and scores to be evaluated must be listed in advance in the bidding documents;
2. Formulate bid evaluation criteria according to relevant laws and regulations, and shall not be modified without authorization; For example, the price share accounts for 30-60% and cannot be changed beyond the scope.
3. The standard of score value should not be too general. You can't set the "price score" to 40 points without detailed rules; Explain how to calculate the specific score of each bidder; Each indicator should also be subdivided, including "technical score of 30 points", including those assessment indicators, and the standard method of how to calculate the score or deduction.
difficulty
1, it is difficult to formulate the scoring standard in detail, accurate to every score;
2. It is difficult to find the balance between standard scores such as technology and price;
3. Specific parameters and calculation methods such as "benchmark price" are difficult to formulate and publish in advance; Especially in the current situation of many acts of unfair competition, it is easy to be artificially destroyed by individual bidders or judges;
4. It is difficult to meet the wishes of the tenderee to the greatest extent after the standards are refined.
disadvantaged
1, the specific implementation, bid evaluation methods and standards may be varied, it is difficult to unify and standardize;
2. In the bidding without prequalification, it is easy to produce "discriminatory" clauses due to unreasonable qualification conditions, leading to injustice, doubts and complaints;
3. If the grading standard is not detailed enough, the "discretion" of the members of the bid evaluation committee is easy to be too large;
4. The phenomenon of "the highest bidder wins" is easy to occur, which causes doubts about government procurement and bidding.
Second, the lowest evaluated bid winning method:
Features: All indicators related to various technical, commercial and service contents of bidders are converted into prices according to unified standards and compared, and the method of "lowest bid evaluation price" is adopted as the winning bidder. When evaluating bids, the members of the bid evaluation committee may be of the same major or different majors, which are complementary; We can discuss and negotiate. Finally, the judges put forward their opinions independently and summarized the evaluation conclusions.
general idea
1, for qualifications, qualifications, performance and other conditions, adopt "qualified pass"; Methods to eliminate unqualified ". There is no "bonus point" for being superior to or surpassing.
For example, the current practice of international bidding for mechanical and electrical products is: first, conduct a "preliminary review", that is, a "conformity review" (review whether there is a power of attorney from the legal representative; Bid bond; Whether to sign, etc. )-then review the compliance of business conditions-then review the compliance of technical indicators-and then convert the price; Finally, make a comparison.
2. Under special circumstances, it is allowed to "increase the price" for bidders under certain circumstances. For example, in international bidding, compared with direct importers, "domestic goods and domestic goods supply" allows a 15% "price increase", that is, the bidding for domestic production and supply is compared with the bidding price of direct imports after+15%, and the lowest bidder wins the bid. For another example, if the technical and business indicators allow deviation, the deviation part is also converted into "price increase", which is generally 0.5%.
superiority
1, which is most suitable for public procurement with funds such as financial funds, and better reflects the purpose of "just need" public procurement.
2. Under the principle of not violating laws and regulations, meet the requirements and wishes of the tenderee to the maximum extent;
3, through competition, highlight the characteristics of bidding can save money, according to statistics, the general saving rate is about 10%.
4. Scientific and meticulous bid evaluation; Each bidder can be informed of the reasons for not winning the bid.
disadvantaged
1, the preparatory work in the early stage (before bidding) requires higher requirements; In particular, the key and technical and commercial indicators that need to be marked with "*" need to be carefully considered; As long as one index fails to meet the requirements of the tenderer, it can be judged as "not substantially responding to the tender requirements", regarded as "unqualified" and unable to enter the next round.
2. When evaluating bids, the requirements for the judges are relatively high; It needs careful evaluation and calculation to get the result. It takes time.
3, although in most cases, the problem of "the highest price wins" is avoided; However, for some international bidding projects that use public funds but have competitive needs, it is difficult to accurately define the conversion relationship between "technical indicators" and prices, which does not reflect the true meaning of "cost performance"; For example, there is a positive technical deviation in the current international bidding method (the high-level technical factor and the price increase factor are only 0.5%, which sometimes cannot reflect the real level gap; ) makes it difficult for the tenderee to introduce higher-level and higher-priced equipment and technology even if it has funds and reasons.
Introduction of other bid evaluation methods:
Cost-effective evaluation method: it is a special comprehensive evaluation method.
Ministry of Finance 18 Order stipulates: (It is one of the three bid evaluation methods listed in 18 Order)
Article 53 The cost-effective method refers to the total score of other scoring factors (including technology, financial status, reputation, performance, service, response to bidding documents, etc.) after the bidding documents are reviewed as required. ) Divided by the bidder's bid quotation, the bidder with the highest quotient (total score of bid evaluation) is regarded as the candidate supplier or the successful supplier.
Note: According to its regulations, the lowest quotation is the benchmark price at the time of calculation.
Lowest bid method: suitable for bidding of large quantities of simple goods. Model specifications and quality standards are relatively simple and clear. When inviting tenders, the lowest price is awarded.
Winning the bid according to the pre-tender price: a common bidding method in the early years. The tenderer invites people to carefully calculate the reasonable total project cost as the "pre-tender price" and keep it strictly confidential; After the bid opening and bidding, the pre-tender estimate will be announced, and the person closest to the pre-tender estimate will win the bid. This method is rarely used now.
Double envelope bid evaluation method: a method used in project bidding. The bidder shall submit two technical and commercial quotation envelopes at the same time; First of all, open the technical envelope and analyze and compare it. If it meets the requirements, open the quotation envelope, and the lowest price will be awarded.
Two-stage bid evaluation method: used for large-scale complex complete sets of equipment or projects. Used when the buyer (tenderee) is unfamiliar with the technology and has no concept. The first step is to bid for "technical scheme" (not involving price); For those who meet the requirements, the second step is to bid with commercial quotation.
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