(1) heating equipment
As long as you can achieve the purpose of heating and heat preservation, electric heating, water heating, gas heating, coal furnace and even kang, kang, and other heating methods can be selected, but pay attention to the coal furnace heating is more dirty, and prone to gas poisoning, must be added to the chimney.
The design of the house should take into account the heat preservation and insulation.
(2) ventilation equipment
Confined chicken houses must use mechanical ventilation, according to the direction of air flow in the house, can be divided into horizontal ventilation and vertical ventilation of two kinds. Horizontal ventilation, refers to the direction of airflow in the house and the long axis of the chicken house perpendicular to the longitudinal ventilation, refers to a large number of fans concentrated in one place, so that the airflow in the house and the long axis of the chicken house parallel to the ventilation mode. In recent years, research and practice has proved that the effect of longitudinal ventilation is better, and can eliminate and overcome the ventilation dead ends and small and uneven wind speed phenomenon in the horizontal ventilation, while eliminating the disadvantages of cross-infection caused by horizontal ventilation between the chicken house.
(3) water supply equipment
From the point of view of saving water and preventing bacterial contamination, nipple drinker is the most ideal water supply equipment, you must choose high-quality non-leakage drinker. Nowadays, the most common one used in cage-raised brooder and laying hens is still the V-shaped water trough, which is always running to supply water, but you have to spend energy to scrub the water trough every day. When raising chicks, you can use a hanging tower automatic waterer, which is both hygienic and water-saving.
(4) feeding equipment
The main use of food troughs, caged chickens are long through the trough, flat rearing of chicks can also be used in this way of feeding, can also be used to feed the bucket. The shape of the trough has a great impact on the spread of feed for chickens, and the trough is too shallow and without a rim will cause more feed waste.
(5) Egg collection equipment
Highly mechanized chicken farms use conveyor belts to automatically collect eggs, high efficiency, but the breakage rate is high. At present, general chicken farmers use manual egg collection.
(6) manure clearing equipment
General chicken farms use manual manure clearing on a regular basis, larger chicken farms can use mechanical manure clearing.
(7) cages
Chickens can use the net board, can also use three-dimensional multi-layer brooder; brooder chickens in addition to the plane of the online rearing, more than the overlap or ladder type of brooder cages, farmers take 60-70 days of age directly transferred to the laying hen cage. Laying hens are basically caged, the current domestic production of many manufacturers of chicken cages, according to the actual situation to buy.
Chicken cage area must be guaranteed.
(8) lighting equipment
Domestic common use of ordinary light bulbs to lighting, the development trend is to use energy-saving lamps. Many chicken farms install timed automatic control switch to replace the manual switch to ensure accurate and reliable lighting time.
(9) Other
Sterilization equipment: agricultural sprayers, air pumps and so on.
Immunization, treatment equipment: continuous syringe, prick the seed needle and so on.
Beak-breaking equipment: electric beak breaker, soldering iron and so on.
Weighing equipment: spring scales, pole scales, electronic scales and so on.
Recommended chicken coop mode: rural small-scale rearing is recommended to use a combination of the two: three and a half steps, two and a half groups of windows, the middle of a whole group, before and after the opening of the window, set up a skylight windows, plus rodent-proof, anti-bird nets, and one end of the wall to install exhaust fans. When the climate is mild, it is naturally ventilated, and when it is particularly hot or cold, it is vertically ventilated. Mechanical ditch cleaning, nipple drinker, hand feeding, hand picking up eggs, artificial light and natural light combination.
Special tip: Save once, spend every day. Large-scale rearing, should be confined, mechanical feeding, automatic temperature control.
Chicken profits are still limited to expand the scale of caution
In the first half of this year, by the avian influenza and the impact of high feed prices, the province's eggs, broilers, the number of stockpiles and out of the pen fell sharply, the main production areas of poultry production fell by up to 30%. In recent months, with the implementation of government policies to support the poultry industry in place, Japan and other countries to resume cooked food imports, the domestic pork prices continue to hit record highs driven by the relative shortage of chicken products, chicken products, the consumer market is becoming more active, the price of a rapid rebound, chicken enterprises around the world and chicken farmers have to replenish the fences in preparation for next year, a great deal of work.
The author believes that farmers should be cautious, recognize the situation, not blind optimism. First, the existing chicken production capacity in the community is sufficient, chicken houses, equipment is complete. As long as the chicken and its products market a start or recovery, the chicken stock will increase, chicken product supply gradually sufficient or even reach relative saturation. From the current level of consumption in China, the market for chicken products is still relatively limited; secondly, due to the chicken industry does not have a better veterinary biosecurity system, as well as the rough management of farmers, the risk of major epidemics is still high; thirdly, the feed prices are still running at a high level. According to the domestic departments and people analyze, corn prices will not fall sharply during the year, the price of soybean meal there are uncertainties, thus accounting for about 80% of the cost of chicken feed prices may remain at a high level, which leads to chicken and its products in the production cost of running at a high level, and therefore the profits of chicken is not optimistic; Fourth, China's main animal food - pork prices have been running at a high level, the price of pork has been running at a high level. -Pork prices have been running at a high level for 2 years, and it is not clear how long its high price can be maintained. From the historical point of view, pork prices fall, usually pull chicken product prices fall. Therefore, the majority of farmers, to use the scientific concept of development to seriously analyze the current situation of the chicken industry, do not blindly follow the trend, a rush, should be a steady and healthy development of chicken production, to avoid the production of big ups and downs, resulting in unnecessary economic losses. Suitable for a large number of chicken methods are mainly plastic greenhouse chicken, cage chicken and mountain chicken.
Plastic greenhouse chicken:
This is a kind of chicken rearing method with less investment, quick effect and high income, which is worth to be popularized and applied in the chicken rearing households who are just starting to engage in chicken rearing industry and have poor economic conditions.
The advantages of plastic greenhouse chicken
Convenient: the main material of plastic greenhouse chicken coop for ordinary agricultural film, bamboo and grass curtains, in addition to film, these materials are easy to obtain. Can be built as needed, do not compete with the agricultural field, and can be combined with agriculture and animal husbandry, chicken fertilizer, reduce environmental pollution, but also to facilitate the shed thoroughly disinfected, eradication of germs.
Inexpensive: the general construction of the chicken house according to each chicken counts about 30 yuan of investment, with this method only 4 yuan, and build simple, time-saving labor, but also make full use of the other original free shed chicken, and easy to manage, can improve the survival rate, the average rate of brooder and brood rate of 98% and 96% or more. 1 shed only need to raise 3 batches of chickens can be recovered from the investment.
Sufficient light: Because the plastic greenhouse has translucent characteristics, the natural light area is large, long time, which is conducive to improve the survival rate, accelerate the growth rate, reduce feed consumption.
Good heat preservation: this advantage is especially prominent in winter, which can improve the egg production rate of hens and the weight gain rate of broilers.
Cage-raised chickens:
This method of raising chickens, high stocking density, easy to artificially control the feeding conditions, to ensure that the egg-laying rate of laying hens is stable, high-yield and broiler weight gain, relatively low consumption of materials to save space, bedding, etc., is also popular among producers.
Mountain chicken:
It is the use of grassy hills and grassy slopes, orchards, woodlands, deserted beaches and other places of natural green fodder and insects and other animal feed stocking domestic chickens. It is characterized by good isolation conditions, less disease occurrence, high survival rate and less investment. Not only reduces the cost of feeding, but also increases the wild taste, raise the chicken flavor unique, good quality, no fishy taste, taste delicious, quite popular with consumers, so the price is good, high efficiency, is a good way to get rich.
The following focuses on the main technology of this chicken:
Variety selection
Mountain chicken is characterized by grazing, in the selection of varieties should be selected suitable for grazing, strong disease resistance of the native chicken or native chicken, such as Taoyuan Chicken, Xianju Chicken, Goodyear Chicken, Shaw Mountain Chicken, Chuanghe Chicken, Sanyuan Chicken, Apricot Chicken, Yangshan Chicken, Qingyuan Chicken, Sanyuan Husu Chicken, Zhongshan Shalan Chicken, Xinyi Huaixiang Chicken, Guangxi Chicken, Sanyi Chicken, and other chicken species. The local fine breeds such as Xinyi Huaixiang Chicken and Guangxi Chicken. They are resistant to rough feeding, strong disease resistance, although the growth rate is slow, low feed compensation, but the meat is delicious, high prices, large profits, should be the first choice as a variety of mountain rearing.
Shed building
Site selection. Mountain chicken site selection is appropriate, related to health and epidemic prevention, chicken growth and the efficiency of the feeders, related to the success or failure of chicken and benefits. Site selection should follow the following principles: (1) both conducive to epidemic prevention, but also convenient transportation. (2) The site should be chosen in a high, dry and well-drained place. (3) The site should have shade equipment to prevent sunstroke or rain and cold. (4) The site should have water and power source, and be well enclosed to prevent loss and bringing in germs. A grassy slope that is sheltered from the wind and sun, with relatively flat terrain and no waterlogging. It is best to have trees in it so that the chickens can cool off in the shade.
Shedding method. Chicken coop design requirements are: ventilated, dry, warm in winter, cool in summer, the seat should sit north to south. General shed width of 4-5 meters, 7-9 meters long, the middle height of 1.7-1.8 meters, both sides of the high 0.8-0.9 meters. Usually used from the inside out linoleum, straw, film three layers of roof, to waterproof insulation. On both sides of the roof and one end of the sand masonry to film linoleum pressure, the other end of an entrance and exit, in order to facilitate the feeders and chickens in and out. The main support of the shed with wire in four directions to pull firmly, in order to prevent the storm toppled the shed.
Sterilization of the shed. After each batch of chickens, the chicken shed should be thoroughly cleaned, replace the ground surface soil, cleaning tools. The shed ground and utensils first 3% -5% of the Lysol water solution for spraying and soaking disinfection, and then fumigation, 25 ml of formalin per cubic meter of space with 12.5 grams of potassium permanganate. The grassy hills and slopes where chickens were originally kept should also be disinfected by spreading 1 layer of slaked lime on the ground and then spraying. It is best to utilize non-polluting grassy hills and slopes to build new sheds.
Laying bedding. In order to keep warm, you need to lay some bedding. The bedding material requires fresh non-polluting, loose, dry, absorbent sawdust, small shavings, straw, grain husk, etc., can be mixed. Before using the bedding material should be exposed to the sun, pick out the moldy bedding grass. The thickness of 3-5 centimeters is appropriate.
Feed selection
Generally speaking, the growth rate of high-quality soil chicken is slower, and the requirements for the nutritional level of the feed are lower, but you can't just feed a single feed, so as not to cause nutritional deficiencies, affecting growth and development, and reducing the survival rate. A series of full-price pellets or mixed feeds for high-quality indigenous chickens should be selected. In addition, you can use mountain-grown pumpkin, sweet potato, cassava and other miscellaneous grains instead of part of the mix.
Chick feeding management
The growth and development of chicks is characterized by poor thermoregulation, fast growth, imperfect digestion, poor disease resistance, strong sensitivity, preferring to live in groups, timid. Therefore, in feeding management to grasp the following points:
Water and open food. After the chicks enter the brooder room, rest for half an hour to 1 hour, then you can feed water. Generally feeding water precedes feeding. Water temperature of about 32 ℃ is appropriate, do not drink cold water. The first 2 days can drink dilute concentration of potassium permanganate solution, is conducive to anti-inflammatory, sterilization, prevention of white diarrhea in chicks. After drinking water, chicks can quickly discharge meconium to stimulate appetite. Generally after the opening of the drink can open food. Spread the open food feed on the light-colored plastic sheet spread on the bedding, and let the chicks eat freely. Chick's digestive power is poor, must be fed to easy to digest, nutritional comprehensive feed. Chicks have a strong appetite after 2 days out of the shell. Feeding should be timed and rationed, generally feeding eighty percent full is appropriate. Too full will cause indigestion; insufficient will affect the growth and development of chicks, and even cause pecking fetish. The amount of feed to 15-20 minutes to finish eating is appropriate.
Environmental temperature and humidity. The key to brooding is to give chicks the right temperature. Take the temperature under the brooder as an example: it is 34-35℃ at 1-2 days of age; 32-34℃ at 3-7 days of age; 30-28℃ in the 2nd week; 28-26℃ in the 3rd week. During the brooding period, the temperature drops by 2℃ per week in winter and spring, and by 3℃ per week in summer and fall, until it drops to 21℃. Chick requirements for humidity, the first week of relative humidity in 70% -75%, the second week down to 60%, after the third week try to maintain the level of 55% - 60%. Too much humidity is conducive to the propagation of pathogenic microorganisms, which can easily induce coccidiosis. Too little humidity and dryness will make the chicks breathe faster, the body's moisture with breathing and a lot of exudation, the remaining yolk in the abdomen is poorly absorbed, affecting the development of the chicks.
Pay attention to grouping, strengthen the inspection. Strong and weak chicks and sick chicks should be kept in separate groups, checking the weak chicks is best in the morning when the first feeding, the weak chicks are easy to be squeezed out. Immediate elimination of the sicker chicks. Frequent inspection of the flock, the significance of three points: First, through observation to understand the palatability of the feed and feeding volume; second, can be timely from the chick's diet, activity, fecal status to find and diagnose disease; third, timely detection of accidents, timely treatment, reduce losses.
Growing chickens feeding management
The growth period of the chicken growth rate, appetite, food intake is increasing. The purpose of feeding is to enable the chicken to get full development, laying the foundation for the later fattening. The feeding method is grazing combined with supplemental feeding. Generally, the following two points should be noted:
Male and female chickens are kept in separate groups. Generally the rooster feathers grow slower, competitive, higher utilization of protein and lysine and other substances in it, high feed efficiency. Hens due to endocrine hormone differences, slow weight gain, poor feed efficiency. Separate feeding of male and female is conducive to improve the degree of neatness. Growing period using regular supplemental feeding, put the feed in the trough or spread directly on the ground, morning and evening 1 time, eat clean and eat until full.
Deworming. Generally 20-30 days after grazing, the first deworming should be carried out, and the second deworming should be carried out 20-30 days apart. The main thing is to get rid of internal parasites, such as roundworms, tapeworms and so on. You can use Roundworm Spirit, Levamisole or Prothiobenzimidazole. For the first deworming, use half tablet of Roundworm Spirit for each chicken. For the second deworming, use 1 tablet per chicken. The tablets can be taken directly by mouth at night or powdered and mixed with feed. Be sure to carefully mix the drug and feed evenly, otherwise it is easy to produce drug poisoning. On the morning of the 2nd day, check the chicken droppings to see if any worms are discharged. And remove the chicken droppings to prevent the chickens from pecking at the worms. If you find adult worms in chicken droppings, you can deworm 1 time with the same dosage on the next night.
Fattening chicken feeding management
That is, 10 weeks of age to the market period. The main point of feeding in this period is to promote the deposition of fat in the chicken body, increase the fatness of broilers, improve the meat quality and feather luster, and achieve timely listing. In feeding management should pay attention to the following three points: First, as the age of the broiler grows, the body grows the main tissues and the middle chicken stage is very different. Broiler deposits moderate fat can improve the quality of chicken meat, improve the aesthetic appearance of the carcass. This period should generally increase the metabolizable energy of the diet, a relative reduction in protein content, broiler fattening period of energy is generally required to reach 12.54 MJ / kg, crude protein in about 15% can be. In order to achieve this level, often need to increase animal fat. Secondly, the fattening period using grazing fattening, on the one hand, you can let the chicken feed on nature's insects and leaves, weeds and other savings feed; on the other hand, to improve the chicken's meat flavor, so that the appearance of listed chickens and meat quality is better. Into the fattening period, should reduce the chicken's range of activities and sports, in order to facilitate the fattening. Thirdly, good epidemic prevention, pay attention to insecticide, rodenticide and cleaning and disinfection work. To prevent diseases.
Disease control
There are many reasons for the occurrence of chicken disease, physical factors, such as improper feed coordination, too high or too low temperature, stress and trauma, etc.; chemical factors, such as overdose of drugs, pesticides by mistake, inhalation of harmful gases, etc.; biological factors, mainly pathogenic microbial invasion. Therefore, in the disease control should grasp the following points:
Firmly establish the view that prevention is more important than cure. This is the basic policy of disease control, but in the farmers, many people are heavy treatment and light defense, resulting in high chicken morbidity, high mortality, high cost, low efficiency.
Establish the point of view of disease prevention and control with epidemic (bacterial) vaccine. This is the most important, most effective, most economical measures to prevent and control disease. Most major infectious diseases can be prevented by vaccination, the success of vaccination, and the chicken's maternal antibody, vaccination party Br /> ? and vaccination time has a direct relationship, therefore, different chicken farms have different immunization procedures.
Establish a comprehensive view of prevention and treatment. That is, from the establishment of the farm, into the seedling to the rearing management of all aspects should be considered from the point of view of conducive to the prevention of epidemic, which is the general requirements of the rules of epidemic prevention, is the chicken industry to industrialization, the basic requirements of intensive.
I don't know if I'm satisfied with this introduction, there are many books on chicken rearing techniques, you really want to raise chickens to get rich, not only to read the relevant books, but also through practice.
Finally, I wish you success!
Nine secrets of raising chickens?
(1) The secret of raising chickens to save material. The yolks and whites of eggs are formed during the day, while the shells are formed in the afternoon and at night. For laying hens take feeding twice a day, in the morning feed to high protein, high energy, low calcium feed, in the evening feed to low protein, low energy, high calcium feed, this can not only regulate the egg laying period, increase egg production, but also save feed.
(2) Best feeding tips. Chicken in a day there are two peak feeding, one is 2-3 hours after sunrise, the amount of food in the morning for 1/3, this time feeding, egg production rate can be greatly improved. It can be seen that raising laying hens at 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. two feeding the best results.
(3) keep chicken high-yield tips. If the chicken group weight did not grow normally. Even if the egg production and feed remuneration are now high, but potentially a declining trend in egg production, the weight problem can be corrected by increasing consumption before the decline in egg production. If feed consumption is already clearly at a high level, that just means a lot of feed consumption or at least an indication of low feed compensation, which can be maintained and make a lot of money if the feed is clearly at a lower level and the chickens are gaining weight normally and maintaining high egg production.
(4) summer egg increase secret. Summer chickens eat less, egg production decline or even stop producing. To return to normal egg production, in addition to the summer cooling methods, for the chicken shearing is also a proven method, that is, cut the chicken chest, legs and left and right two wings of the feathers, retain the neck, back, tail feathers. Shearing length to not damage the chicken skin, thick hair tube section does not flow as a principle. Cut less in early summer and more in high summer.
(5) Egg color enhancement tips. Add 0.3% paprika, 6% sun-dried and crushed alfalfa leaves or 5% pine needle powder to the diet, all of which can deepen the color of the egg yolk.
(6) Storage of breeding eggs secret. When storing breeding eggs, the tip of the egg should be upward, which can make the yolk located in the center of the egg, preventing the embryo from sticking and improving the hatching rate of breeding eggs.
(7) The secret of hatching more hens. Breeding eggs are short ovoid, one end is larger, one end is smaller, into an inverted triangle, the surface is meticulous, hatching chickens are mostly hens; breeding eggs are oblong round, the head and tail is difficult to distinguish, the surface is rough, hatching chickens are mostly roosters.
(8) The secret of recognizing male and female chickens. Pull open the wings of the chick, such as seeing the wing feathers (positive feathers) a long and a short (i.e., feathers between the length) is the hen, if you see all the feathers is basically the same length of the rooster, the accuracy rate of more than 90%.
(9) anti-chicken plague secret. When the chick grows to 10-14 days of age, with the chicken plague IN series of seedling nose drops, at the same time with the chicken plague inactivated vaccine (available at veterinary stations around the world) 0.3 ml intramuscular injection. 70 days of age with the chicken plague I series of seedling intramuscular injection, 120 days of age, again with the chicken plague I seedling injection, at the same time with the chicken plague inactivated vaccine 1 ml intramuscular injection, the rate of protection can be up to 100%.