(1) Observe the effect of oxygen therapy closely. If the symptoms such as dyspnea are relieved or relieved, and the heartbeat is normal or close to normal, oxygen therapy is effective. Otherwise, we should find the reason and deal with it in time.
(2) The high concentration oxygen supply time should not be too long, and it is generally considered that the oxygen concentration is >; 60%, lasting more than 24 hours, oxygen poisoning may occur. (3) High concentration of oxygen inhalation in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may lead to respiratory depression and aggravate the condition. Generally, controlled (that is, low concentration continuous) oxygen inhalation should be given.
(4) Attention should be paid to heating and humidification during oxygen therapy. Maintaining a temperature of 37℃ and a humidity of 95% ~ 100% in the respiratory tract is a necessary condition for the normal clearance function of mucociliary system. Therefore, the inhaled oxygen should pass through the humidification bottle and the necessary heating device to prevent the inhaled dry and cold oxygen from stimulating and damaging the airway mucosa, causing the sputum to dry and affecting the "scavenger" function of the cilia.
(5) Prevent pollution, catheter blockage, nasal congestion, oxygen delivery catheter, humidification heating device, ventilator piping system, etc. It should be replaced, cleaned and disinfected regularly to prevent cross infection. Oxygen inhalation catheter and nasal congestion should always check whether secretions are blocked and replace them in time. Ensure effective and safe oxygen therapy.
Oxygen is very important to human body. Healthy people naturally breathe air under normal circumstances and use oxygen in the air to maintain the needs of metabolism. When you are sick or in an abnormal state, you should inhale oxygen through certain equipment at home or in clinics and hospitals. Commonly used oxygen inhalation methods are:
(1) nasal congestion and nasal catheter oxygen inhalation: This oxygen inhalation method is simple in equipment and convenient to use. There are two methods of nasal congestion: one is to choose a suitable model and put it in one nasal vestibule, which is in close contact with the nasal cavity (the other nostril is open). Only oxygen is taken when inhaling, so the oxygen concentration is relatively stable. Double plug method is to put two smaller nasal plugs into two nostrils at the same time, and there is still a gap around the nasal plugs, so you can breathe air at the same time. The patient is comfortable, but the oxygen concentration is not stable enough. Nasal catheter method is to insert a catheter (commonly used catheter) into the back of the soft palate at the top of the nasal cavity through the nostril. The oxygen concentration is constant, but it will be uncomfortable after a long time and easily blocked by secretions. Nasal congestion and nasal catheter oxygen inhalation are generally only suitable for low flow oxygen supply. If the flow rate is relatively large, it will be unbearable because of the large flow rate and large impact force, which will easily lead to airway mucosa drying. (2) Mask oxygen inhalation method: it can be divided into open mask method and closed mask method. Opening is to place the mask at a distance of 1 ~ 3 cm from the patient's nose and mouth, which is suitable for children to use without any discomfort. The closed mask method is to cover the mask tightly on the nose and mouth and fix it with elastic band. Suitable for people with severe hypoxia, the oxygen concentration can reach 40% ~ 50%, and they feel more comfortable, without mucosal irritation and dry feeling. But the oxygen consumption is high, so it is inconvenient to eat and expectorate.
(3) Transtracheal catheter oxygen therapy: it is an oxygen supply method by inserting a thinner catheter into the trachea through the nasal cavity, also known as endotracheal oxygen therapy. It is mainly suitable for patients with chronic respiratory failure caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis who need long-term oxygen inhalation and the general oxygen therapy effect is not good. Because oxygen is directly supplied to the trachea through the catheter, the curative effect can be significantly improved, and a higher effect can be achieved only with a lower oxygen flow rate, and the oxygen consumption is very small.
(4) Electronic pulse oxygen therapy: a new method developed in recent years. It can automatically deliver oxygen when inhaling and automatically stop delivering oxygen when exhaling through an electronic pulse device. This is more in line with the physiological state of breathing and greatly saves oxygen. Suitable for oxygen therapy of nasal obstruction, nasal catheter and trachea.
(5) Mechanical ventilation and oxygen supply: that is, when all kinds of artificial respirators are mechanically ventilated, oxygen therapy is carried out by using the oxygen supply device on the ventilator. Oxygen concentration (2 1% ~ 100%) can be adjusted according to the situation. Oxygen cylinders are generally used as oxygen sources for oxygen therapy, and a pressure gauge is installed to indicate the oxygen stored in the cylinders. When supplying oxygen, install a flowmeter to adjust the oxygen flow as needed.