Table of Contents-Country Profile
-Geography
-Politics
-Economy
-Military Civilization and Education
-Tourism
-Diplomacy
-Another Angola
Country Profile
Name of the country The Republic of Angola*** and the Republic (The Republic of Angola, Republica de Angola).
Area 1,246,700 square kilometers.
Population: 13.96 million (2004). The main ethnic groups are Owimbundu (about 38% of the population), Mbundu (25%), Bago (14%), and Lunda. The official language is Portuguese, and the main national languages are Winbundu, Kimbundu, and Kikongo, etc. 49% of the population is Roman Catholic, 13% Protestant, and most of the rest of the population is of primitive religions.
Luanda, the capital, has a population of about 4 million (2004).
Head of state President Jose Eduardo dos Santos, inaugurated in September 1979 to the present.
Important holidays Independence Day (National Day): November 11th.
Geography
Brief description Located in southwestern Africa. It is bordered by the Congo (Brazzaville) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in the north, Zambia in the east, Namibia in the south, and the Atlantic Ocean in the west, with a coastline of 1,650 kilometers. Most of the area is a savannah climate, the average annual temperature of 22 ℃; the southern part of the subtropical climate.
Historically, it was divided into four kingdoms, Congo, Ndongo, Matamba and Lunda. 1482, the Portuguese colonial flotilla arrived for the first time, and the city of Luanda was established in 1576. At the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885, Angola was made a Portuguese colony, and in 1922 the Portuguese occupied the entire territory of Angola, and in 1951 the Portuguese transformed Angola into a Portuguese "Overseas Province" under the rule of a governor. In the 1950s, Angola established three national liberation organizations: the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), the Front for the National Liberation of Angola (FNLA), and the Uni?o Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA), and in the 1960s they launched armed struggles for national independence. On January 15, 1975, the three organizations reached the Avol Agreement on the independence of Angola with the Portuguese Government, and on January 31, 1975, they formed a transitional government together with the Portuguese authorities***. Soon after, an armed conflict broke out between MPLA, UNITA and FRELIMO and the Transitional Government was dissolved. On November 11 of the same year, the MPLA proclaimed the establishment of the Angolan People's **** and State, with Agostinho Neto as President.
Angola was in a state of civil war for a long time after independence. On May 31, 1991, the government of Angola and the opposition UNITA, led by Savimbi, signed the Bicesse Peace Accord, which was promoted by Portugal, the United States and the former Soviet Union. in August 1992, the Parliament of Angola decided to change the name of the country to Angola*** and the State of Angola. in September, Angola held its first multi-party general election. The MPLA won the parliamentary election and took the lead in the presidential election. UNITA refused to accept the results of the election and Angola relapsed into civil war; in February 2002, UNITA's leader Savimbi was killed by government forces, and on April 4, the government and UNITA signed a cease-fire agreement, ending 27 years of civil war. The 27-year-long civil war ended, a comprehensive peace was realized, and the country began to enter a period of post-war recovery and reconstruction.
Politics
Politics In 2005, the political situation in Angola continued to be stable, and the economy gradually recovered. The Government of Angola took peace consolidation, deepening national reconciliation and restoring development as the core of its governance, and shifted its focus to national economic construction, accelerating the pace of national reconstruction, and making progress in the preparations for national elections.
Constitution The current Constitution was promulgated on November 11, 1975 and has been amended four times. The Constitution states that the primary goal of An is to eliminate the legacy of colonialism and to build a prosperous, democratic and non-exploitative nation. There is a multi-party system; the President of the Republic is elected for a five-year term and may be re-elected; the President is also the Head of Government and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, and has the power to promulgate or abrogate laws, to declare a state of war or peace, and to appoint or remove government ministers, senior generals of the armed forces, governors of provinces, the Attorney-General, and judges of the Supreme Court of Justice, among others. The Constitution also stipulates that An does not participate in any international military organization and does not allow foreign countries to establish military bases on its territory.
Parliament The National Assembly of Angola is the highest legislative body of the country. Its main functions are: to amend the Constitution and to approve, modify or abolish laws; to approve the legislative work of the Standing Committees of the National Assembly; to supervise the implementation of the Constitution and the laws; to supervise the work of the State and the organs of the Government; to approve the national economic plan and the State budget and to supervise their implementation; to grant amnesties; to proclaim the laws of martial law and of the state of emergency, as well as to authorize the President to proclaim a state of war or of peace. Each term lasts five years, and regular sessions are held twice a year.
The current parliament was formed in November 1992 on the basis of multiparty elections. Currently, of the 220 parliamentary seats, 129 are held by the MPLA and 70 by UNITA. The other 21 seats go to 10 other parties. The Speaker is Roberto Antonio de Almeida (MPLA, elected in 1996).
Government The Government of National Unity and Reconciliation (GNUR) was formed on April 11, 1997, and was reorganized on December 5, 2002, when the post of Prime Minister was re-established. It re-established the post of Prime Minister with 29 ministries and the President as Head of State and Government. The Prime Minister and ministers are as follows: Prime Minister Fernando dos Santos "Nando", Assistant Prime Minister Aguinaldo Jaime, Minister of Defense Kundy Paihama, Minister of the Interior Kundy Paihama, Minister of the Interior Kundy Paihama, Minister of the Interior Kundy Paihama, Minister of the Interior Kundy Paihama, Minister of the Interior Kundy Paihama, Minister of the Interior Kundy Paihama. Paihama, Minister of the Interior Osvaldo Van-Dunem, Minister of Foreign Affairs Jo?o Miranda, Minister of Planning Ana Dias Lourenco, Minister of Territorial Administration Virgilio Pereira. Jose de Morais, Minister of Finance; Desiderio da Costa, Minister of Petroleum; Joaquim Duarte David, Minister of Industry; Gilberto Buta Lutukata, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development; and Ana Dias Lourenco, Minister of Land Management. Lutukata, Agriculture and Rural Development Minister Gilberto Buta Lutukata, Fisheries Minister Salomao Xirimbimbi, Transportation Minister Andre Brandao, Trade Minister Joaquim Muafuma, Health Minister Sebastiao Veloso. Education Minister Antonio Burity da Silva, Culture Minister Boaventura Cardoso, Relief and Social Reinsertion Minister Joao Kussumua, Justice Minister Manuel Aragao The Minister of Public Administration, Employment and Social Security, Antonio Neto, the Minister of Information, Hendrik Neto, the Minister of Hotels and Tourism, Eduardo Chingungi, the Minister of Posts and Telecommunications, Licinio Ribeiro, the Minister of Family and Women's Promotion, Candida da Silva. Promotion Minister Candida da Silva (F), Veterans Minister Pedro Van-Dunem, Public **** Works Minister Francisco Carneiro, Youth and Sports Minister Jose Barrica, Energy and Water Minister Jose Botelho, Geology and Mines Minister Manuel Africano, Urbanism and Environment Minister Diekumpuna Jose, and Science and Technology Minister Joao Baptista. Amadeu Mauricio, Governor of the Central Bank.
In December 1993, the Council of *** and State of the Nation was created by the Constitution. The Council is a political advisory body to the President and is designed to listen to and centralize the views of all sectors of the country for the Government's policy formulation. The Council of State of the ****he State consists of the leaders of the executive, the legislature, the judiciary, the chairmen of the political parties with parliamentary seats, and 10 eminent members of society, religious personalities and great chiefs appointed by the President.
Judiciary There is a Supreme Court, a Military Court, a Court of Appeal, and the Office of the Attorney General of the *** and State. The Military Court is under the direct authority of the National Defense and Security Council. The Court of Appeal specializes in appeals. The Prosecutor General's Office is the national legal oversight body, under the direct authority of the President. Cristiano Andre, President of the Supreme Court of Justice. Augusto da Costa Carneiro, Attorney General, took office in July 2002.
Political parties A multi-party system has been in place since 1991. There are now 125 legal political parties in the country. The main political parties are:
(1) The People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (Movimento Popular de Libertacao de Angola), or MPLA for short, has been the ruling party since the independence of Angola, and was founded in December 1956. In 1990, the MPLA's "Three Great Principles" decided to abandon Marxism-Leninism, change the party to a mass party, define its strategic goal as "democratic socialism," and decide to implement a multi-party system in the country. President Dos Santos was re-elected President of the party, and Antonio Neto and Juliao Mateus were elected Vice-President and General Secretary of the party respectively.
(2) The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (Uniao Nacional Para Independencia Total de Angola), abbreviated as UNITA ( Unita ). Main opposition party. Founded in March 1966, with Jonas Savimbi as its founder, it began its armed struggle against Portuguese colonial rule in 1967, and in early 1975 formed a transitional government with the MPLA, the FSLN and the Portuguese authorities. After the outbreak of the civil war, they moved to the countryside and the jungle to carry out guerrilla activities against the MPLA government. 1991, they signed the Bicesse Peace Accord with the government. 1992, they registered as a legal political party and participated in the general elections of that year. 1994, they signed the Lusaka Protocol with the government. 1994, they signed the Lusaka Protocol with the government. 1998, they split internally, and some of their senior members set up a committee for the renewal of the UNITA to oppose the president Savimbi. 2002, February 2002, the president of UNITA, Jonas Savimbi. On February 22, 2002, Savimbi was killed by government forces. Since then, UNITA and the government formally signed a ceasefire agreement, completed demilitarization, and announced that they were abandoning the goal of an armed takeover of power.In June 2003, UNITA held its Ninth National Congress, which resulted in the election of new leaders: Isaia Samakuwa, chairman of the Political Committee, and Mario Vatuva, general secretary.
The more influential political parties are the FNLA, PSD, PRD, PNDA, FDA, PDP-ANA, AD-Coligacao, AD-ANA, AD-ANA, PDP-ANA, AD-Coligacao, AD-Coligacao, AD-Coligacao, AD-Coligacao, AD-Coligacao, AD-Coligacao, AD-Coligacao, AD-Coligacao, AD-Coligacao, AD-Coligacao, AD-Coligacao. Coligacao), and the Party of the Alliance of Young Workers and Farmers of An (PAJOCA), among others.
Important People José Eduardo dos Santos: President, President of the MPLA. born on August 28, 1942, in Luanda, in a family of workers. He joined the MPLA in 1961, became Vice-President of the Youth of the MPLA and Representative of the MPLA in the Congo in 1962, studied petrochemicals and communications in the USSR from 1963 to 1970, and obtained a master's degree. After independence, he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs. After independence, he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs, First Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Planning, Director of the Planning Commission, Secretary of the SPLM-Central Committee for Culture, Education and Sports, Secretary of the Ministry of National Reconstruction, Secretary of the Ministry of Economic Development and Planning, etc. He became Chairman of the SPLM-K, President of the Republic of Korea, and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces in September 1979 and President of the People's Assembly in November 1980, and in December 1985, December 1990, and December 1990, he was elected Chairman of the People's Assembly. In December 1985, December 1990 and December 1998, he was re-elected as Chairman of the MPLA. 1988 and 1998, he visited China twice.
Economy
Economy A market economy is practiced, with a certain industrial and agricultural base, but years of war have seriously affected economic development and damaged infrastructure. The oil industry was the mainstay of the national economy, and after peace was achieved in 2002, post-war reconstruction was in full swing.2005 The economy was running smoothly, and the pace of recovery accelerated, with development in all sectors. The government took a series of reform measures, giving priority to infrastructure projects that had a bearing on people's livelihood, implementing economic restructuring and stabilizing the macroeconomic situation, while accelerating the privatization of state-owned enterprises, encouraging the development of the private sector and increasing investment in infrastructure reconstruction. The main difficulty facing economic development is a serious shortage of capital.
Gross domestic product (2004): 20.1 billion dollars.
Gross national income per capita (2004): $1,030.
GDP growth rate (2004): 11.2 percent.
Name of currency: Kwanza (Kz).
Exchange rate (September 2005): 1 US dollar = 89.2 kwanzas.
Inflation rate (2004): 31 percent.
Unemployment rate (2003): 54%.
(Sources: World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and official Angolan estimates)
Resources Rich in oil, gas, and minerals. Proven oil reserves are 12.5 billion barrels and natural gas reserves amount to 7 trillion cubic meters. Major minerals include diamonds, iron, phosphate, copper, manganese, lead, tin, zinc, tungsten, gold, quartz, marble and granite. The preliminary proven diamond reserves are nearly 200 million carats, 1.7 billion tons of iron ore, nearly 100 million tons of manganese ore and 200 million tons of phosphate. Forests cover an area of 53 million hectares, producing valuable timber such as ebony, African white sandalwood and rosewood. Hydraulic and marine resources are relatively rich.
Industry and mining oil and diamond mining is the pillar industry of the national economy. 2005 oil industry output value accounted for 50% of GDP, annual crude oil production of 435.2 million barrels, ranking second in Africa, the current daily production of 1.2 million barrels of oil. Anne is the world's seventh largest diamond-producing country and the fourth largest diamond-producing country, with a production of nearly 6.1 million carats of raw diamonds in 2004, with an output value of about 800 million dollars. Other major industries include cement, building materials production, vehicle renovation, textiles and garments, and food and fish processing.
Agriculture The land is fertile and the rivers are densely populated, so the natural conditions for the development of agriculture are favorable. The agricultural population accounts for about 65% of the country's population. The northern part of the country is a cash-crop producing area, where coffee, sisal, sugarcane, cotton, peanuts and other crops are mainly grown. The central plateau and the southwestern region are food-producing areas, mainly planting maize, cassava, rice, wheat, potatoes, beans and other crops. 2004-2005 cereal production was 1.904 million tons. Grain is not self-sufficient, and in 2005 there was a shortage of 625,000 tons.
Fishery The fishery industry is rich in resources. The fishery industry is an important industry in the country, employing about 50,000 people, and the total amount of fish caught in 2004 was 230,000 tons. The natural conditions of the fisheries are good and they can be operated all year round. Most small and medium-sized fishing companies have been privatized.
Transportation Transportation is mainly by road. Transportation facilities have been severely damaged by years of civil war. The Angolan government estimates that it will take about 10 billion dollars to repair and rebuild.
Roads: 73,000 kilometers, of which 18,000 kilometers are asphalt and the rest are sand and gravel, with a total length of 25,000 kilometers of main lines.
Railways: total mileage of 2,800 kilometers, with three main lines, Benguela, Namibe and Luanda-Maranje. The Benguela Railway, with a total length of 1,350 kilometers, connects with the railroad in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and was once one of the main lines of railroad transportation in Southern Africa. Because of years of war, only part of the current section to maintain operation.
Water transport: the total tonnage of the maritime fleet of more than 100,000 tons, the main ports of Luanda, Lobito and Namibe can dock 10,000 tons of cargo ships. 2004, the port of Luanda loaded and unloaded 3.1 million tons of gross weight of cargo, freight accounted for 70% of the country's total import and export volume.
Air transport: Angolan Airlines is a member of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and ranks fifth in Africa in terms of air passenger and cargo traffic. There are 32 airports in the country***. Luanda International Airport is capable of handling large passenger planes, and there are regular flights to Portugal, France, Britain, Belgium, Russia, Brazil, as well as Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo), Gabon, Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Namibia, and Sao Tome and Principe, etc.
Telecommunications: Angola Airways is a member of the International Civil Aviation Organization.
Telecommunications Telecommunications are relatively backward. As of June 2005, there were 1 million cell phone subscribers, or 8% of the population, and fewer than 100,000 landline subscribers, a penetration rate of less than 1%. In 2001, Angola announced that it would relinquish the state's monopoly on telecommunications and privatize up to 40% of its services. The main telecommunication companies are: the state-run Angola Telecom (ANGOLA TELECOM) and the privately owned UNITEL. In 2004, UNITEL had revenues of US$240 million, 540,000 subscribers, and 65% of the country's business.
Finance and Economy In 2003, revenues amounted to US$3.378 billion, while fiscal expenditures amounted to US$4.276 billion, resulting in a fiscal deficit of US$898 million.
At the end of 2004, foreign exchange reserves of 1.368 billion U.S. dollars, total foreign debt of 10.5 billion U.S. dollars.
Foreign Trade In 2005, the total foreign trade amounted to about US$29 billion. Foreign trade in recent years is as follows (in billions of dollars):
2002 2003 2004 2005
Exports 84.6 92.4 130 200
Imports 39.7 40.8 52 90
Difference 44.9 51.6 78 110
In 2004, the main export products were Petroleum, diamonds, the main imports are consumer goods, raw materials and machinery and equipment, automobiles and spare parts, etc. Imports are mainly from Portugal (19.2% of the total imports of the year), South Africa (12.6%), Brazil (7.6%), China (6.5%), Belgium (5.9%).
Foreign capital is mainly concentrated in the oil industry, diamond mining, public **** engineering, construction, fishing and processing industries. In recent years to attract foreign direct investment in Africa among the highest countries, in 2003 for 1.4 billion U.S. dollars, ranked second in Africa. The main investor countries are the United States, France, Italy, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Japan, Brazil, South Africa, South Korea and so on.
Foreign Aid In 2001, the country received 268 million U.S. dollars in foreign aid. Bilateral aid was mainly provided by the United States, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Portugal and so on. Multilateral aid came mainly from the European Union, the International Development Association, the United Nations Children's Fund, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations Development Programme and other organizations.
People's Life Wage rates are set by the state. The national minimum monthly wage is approximately US$50. Administrative, technical, and managerial staff are paid twice as much as workers' wages. Cadres and workers are entitled to one month's paid vacation per year. Medical care is free throughout the country. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Health of Angola in 2002, there are 8 national hospitals, 103 provincial hospitals, 277 health centers and 1716 medical stations in the country***, with a national average of 0.46 doctors, 11.27 nursing staff, and 0.79 beds per 1,000 people.
An is one of the least developed countries in the world as determined by the United Nations. According to the Global Human Development Report published by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in 2002, the human development index of Ann was 0.403%, ranking 161st in the world. The life expectancy is 40.1 years, the population growth rate is 2.8%, and the birth rate is 5.1%; the mortality rate of children under the age of 5 is 250 per thousand in 2003. According to figures released by the media, in 2003, 68 percent of the population lived below the poverty line; more than 20,000 people died of malaria; and more than 1 million people were infected with AIDS, accounting for 8.6 percent of the total population.
Military
Military In 1995, the Angolan government and UNITA reached an agreement on the formation of a unified army, and in 2003 the Angolan Armed Forces (FAA) had a total strength of 100,000 men, of which 90,000 were in the army, 6,000 in the air force, and 4,000 in the navy. There were 10,000 men in the reserves. The Head of State is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. The Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces, Agostinho Nelumba "Sanjar", was the Chief of Defence in 2001, and accounted for 4.18% of the total national budget.
Cultural education The education system is divided into basic education, secondary education and higher education. Basic education is compulsory and lasts eight years. Children are enrolled in school from the age of seven. The Agostinho Neto University is the only state university and there are two other private universities.In 2004, the percentage of children in pre-school education was 7%, the enrollment rate in elementary school was 52%, in secondary school 5%, in university 0.5%, the literacy rate of the population over 15 years old was 67%, the total number of students enrolled in the program was 2.6 million, and the public expenditure on education accounted for 2.8% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). (Source: Ministry of Planning, World Bank)
Press and Publications The Jornal de Angola is the official Portuguese-language daily newspaper, founded in 1923, with a circulation of more than 40,000 copies. The Official Gazette of the **** and the State is the official occasional publication, in Portuguese. Norte de Angola, Branches is organized by the MPLA, and La Voz de Trabajadores is organized by the Confederation of Workers (Confederación de Trabajadores). Foreign Trade and Energy are specialized magazines and quarterly publications.
Angola News Agency (ANNA): the national news agency with nearly 100 journalists and 7 branches abroad.
Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA): broadcasts in Portuguese and many national languages, and externally in Portuguese, Spanish, English and French.
Angola Television: State-run, broadcasts 15 hours a day.
Tourism
Important Attractions Mussulo Island is located in the south of Angola's capital, Luanda, and can be reached by motorized speedboat in about 15 minutes, which is a famous tourist attraction in Angola and a weekend resort for domestic and foreign tourists. The island is made up of a sandbar on the water where the Kwanza River meets the seawater and has been alluvial for many years. Surrounded by water on all sides, the island has the best sandy beaches in the country, and part of the beaches are silver-white in color, glittering in the sunlight like a string of jewels embedded in the seashore of Luanda. The island is densely planted with coconut trees, papaya and mango trees, a tropical scenery. The island is dotted with a variety of buildings, from modern vacation villas to thatched African huts of different shapes. Tourists can take a motorized speedboat to visit the island, walk on the beach, fishing or engage in water sports, go to a special restaurant barbecue, taste the sea, but also by boat around the island to enjoy the scenery of Mtsuru Bay. Near the island, there are also the famous Valley of the Moon and the Slave Museum and other tourist projects.
The Museum of Angolan Anthropology is one of the most famous museums in the country, with tens of thousands of visitors every year. The museum has two main floors and was originally built in the 18th century as a residence for wealthy Portuguese people; in the 1930s, the Angolan Diamond Company bought the building and expanded it. After Ann's independence, the state opened the building as a museum, and in early November 1976 it was officially opened to the public. The museum has 12 exhibition halls, a library and a conference room. The exhibits are mainly objects, some models, wood carvings, miniature landscapes and pictures, reflecting the history of Angola's main tribes, farming and weaving, worshipping the gods and ancestors, as well as the unique traditional cultural practices. The exhibits include all kinds of tools, implements and weapons used by the Angolan ancestors for farming, grain processing and storage, brewing, smelting, casting, hunting, fishing, raising livestock and cooking; traditional musical instruments, clothes made of tree bark, women's headdresses, belts, wedding and funeral offerings, the symbols of political rights used by the rulers and tribal leaders, tribal hats, carved mahogany chairs and chairs, and models of the layout of the courtyard of a large family under the system of polygamy, as well as models of the layout of the courtyard of a large family under the system of polygamy. The model of the layout of the courtyard of a large family; the totems, worship objects, sacrificial masks and sacred objects of traditional religion and Western religion.
The Angolan Military Museum is one of the most famous buildings in Angola. It was built in 1575 as a castle by the Portuguese colonizers at the confluence of the Bay of Luanda and the island, and is the symbol of the opening of the city of Luanda, which was transformed into a military museum after the independence of Angola. The museum currently has a showroom with some guns, clothes and models used in the period of the Angolan anti-colonial armed struggle and in the civil war, as well as a photo exhibition. In the courtyard of the museum there are also bronze statues of the King of Portugal, the Governor and the famous poet Cam?es, cast during the Portuguese colonial period. The museum is also the high point of Luanda City, climb the castle, you can see the Presidential Palace in the distance, overlooking the Luanda Promenade, and can enjoy the view of the sea and sky of Luanda Bay, is a good place to enjoy the scenery and take pictures in the city of Luanda.
Diplomacy
Foreign Relations Adheres to the foreign policy of peaceful ****ing and non-alignment; advocates the establishment and maintenance of diplomatic relations with all countries in the world on the basis of mutual respect for sovereignty, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit; and calls for the establishment of a new international economic order. It is a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the South-Eastern African Development Community (SEADC), the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) and the Portuguese-speaking Countries Community (PALOP). Since the realization of peace in 2002, the main objectives of the Government's diplomatic work have been to do more for the consolidation of peace and post-war reconstruction, to play the role of economic diplomacy, to actively seek more foreign aid and investment, and to further participate in international and regional affairs, contributing to regional peace and stability.Since January 1, 2006, Ann has formally assumed the position of a member of the United Nations ECOSOC for a period of three years. The term of office is three years.
In 2005, President dos Santos traveled to Brazil (May), Argentina (May), Israel (July), and attended the inauguration of Namibia's new President Pohamba (March), the funeral of Pope Paul II (April), and the African Union Summit in Libya (July). Visits to Angola during the year included Namibia's President Nujoma (February), Mozambique's President Guebuza (April), Guinea-Bissau's Prime Minister Gomes (April), Namibia's new President Pohamba (April), C?te d'Ivoire's President Gbagbo (June), and S?o Tomé and Principe's Prime Minister Seita (July, November). President Sampaio of Portugal, President de Menezes of Sao Tome and Principe, and President Sassou of Congo-Brazzaville attended the celebration of the 30th anniversary of Ann's independence (November).
Relations with China After the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Angola on January 12, 1983, the two countries have developed friendly and cooperative relations. In 2005, the 30th anniversary of Angola's independence, President Hu Jintao called President dos Santos to congratulate him.
According to the Chinese Ministry of Commerce, in 2005, China's trade with Angola totaled US$ 6.95 billion, an increase of 41.6% year-on-year, of which Chinese exports amounted to US$ 370 million and imports to US$ 6.58 billion.
Chinese Ambassador to Angola: Zhang Bisan. Address: RUA PRESIDENTE HOUARI BOUMEDIENNE NO.196-200, MIRAMAR-LUANDA, ANGOLA. Tel: 444658 (Duty Room), 441683, Country Area Code: 244-222. Fax: 444185. Address of Economic and Commercial Affairs Office: RUA FERNAO MENDES PINTO NO.26-28 ALVALADE-LUANDA, ANGOLA. Tel: 320367. Fax: 324049.
Ambassador of Angola to China: JOAO MANUEL BERNARDO. Address: 1-13-1, Diplomatic Staff Office Building, Tower Garden, Beijing. Tel: 65326968, 65326839. Fax: 65326969.
Relations with the United States In July 1985, the U.S. announced that it was repealing the Clark Amendment, openly supported UNITA, and provided it with military assistance. In 1990, the U.S. participated in promoting peace negotiations between the two parties to the Annapolis conflict, and in 1991 became an observer state in the implementation of the Annapolis peace accords. 1992, the U.S. and Annapolis opened representative offices for each other, and in 1993 the U.S. announced that it had recognized the government of Annapolis, and the two countries established diplomatic relations. 1995 saw the first official visit to the U.S. by President Dos Santos. In 1995, President dos Santos made his first official visit to the United States, and the two countries signed an agreement on economic, technical, and material assistance. Angola is the third largest trading partner of the United States in Southern Africa, and the United States is the second largest investor in Angola, with an investment of about $3 billion in Angola. About 70 percent of Angola's crude oil is extracted by U.S. companies and sold to the U.S. (7 percent of U.S. crude imports.) In 2002, U.S. aid to Angola amounted to $120 million. In May 2004, President dos Santos visited the United States again.
Relations with African Countries Angola attaches importance to the development of relations with African countries, and has close relations with neighboring countries such as Zimbabwe, Namibia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and has formed a ****together defense alliance.
Another explanation of Angola
Ankara, the capital of Turkey, was formerly translated as Angola, and still retains the terms Angolan rabbit and Angolan goat (whose fur is mohair).