(1) Expanding the coverage of publicity and education, and creating a favorable social atmosphere. (a) Strengthening publicity and education for the general public. The publicity department coordinates and guides the departments of broadcasting, film and television, press and publishing, etc., to make publicizing knowledge of comprehensive AIDS prevention and treatment an important task for all types of news media at all levels, and to increase the strength of broadcasting knowledge of comprehensive AIDS prevention and treatment and public service advertisements. Full use is made of newspapers, radio, television and the Internet, cell phones and other media to expand the coverage of publicity and education through relevant programs or the opening of special columns. Give full play to the role of public figures with social influence, encourage and mobilize people affected by AIDS to participate in publicity and education work, and create a good atmosphere against social discrimination. Institutions, groups, enterprises and public institutions, and individual economic organizations should incorporate knowledge and education on comprehensive AIDS prevention and treatment into the pre-service or post training of their employees, and support their employees' participation in comprehensive AIDS prevention and treatment publicity activities. Knowledge and policies on comprehensive AIDS prevention and treatment are incorporated into the training content of party schools, administrative colleges, reunion schools and other institutions. The mastery of knowledge and policies on prevention and treatment, and the strength of publicity and education work are made an important part of the annual appraisal of leading cadres.
Strengthening publicity and education in public **** places, communities, remote and poor areas and ethnic minority areas. Transportation, railway, health, quality inspection, housing and urban-rural construction and other departments should continue to set up a comprehensive AIDS prevention and treatment public service advertisement bulletin boards, place promotional materials or broadcast promotional information in prominent positions in public **** places such as stations, wharves, airports, entry and exit ports, parks and other public **** means of transportation such as passenger trains, civil aviation planes and passenger-carrying ships. Medical and health institutions and family planning technical service organizations at all levels must set up fixed publicity facilities and regularly conduct publicity and consultation on comprehensive AIDS prevention and treatment. Residents' committees and villagers' committees are required to incorporate knowledge of comprehensive AIDS prevention and treatment into the content of grassroots cultural construction, and to carry out publicity and education for the people under their jurisdiction. Departments of science and technology, agriculture, culture and health must combine the promotion and education of comprehensive knowledge of AIDS prevention and treatment with the construction of a new socialist countryside and the "three trips to the countryside" of culture, science and technology, and health to support and benefit the peasants, and increase the content of education on comprehensive prevention and treatment of AIDS in the relevant training in the countryside, highlighting the strengthening of publicity and education for farmers in high-prevalence areas and in remote and impoverished areas. Promote publicity and education for farmers in high-prevalence areas and remote and impoverished areas. Taking into account the characteristics of local folkways and customs, volunteers should be organized to go into remote and poor villages and ethnic minority villages in a planned manner to strengthen the publicity of knowledge on comprehensive AIDS prevention and treatment. Developing easy-to-understand and ethnic-language publicity materials, and giving full play to the role of religious figures and influential public figures of ethnic minorities to carry out publicity and education for the ethnic minority masses.
Strengthening publicity and education for key populations such as the floating population, youth, women, and people under supervision. Commerce, quality inspection and other departments to strengthen the laborers abroad and other immigration personnel to comprehensive AIDS prevention and treatment knowledge publicity and education. Human resources and social security departments should incorporate knowledge of comprehensive AIDS prevention and treatment into the training of migrant workers. In urban areas where migrant populations are concentrated, health, public security and other departments should strengthen the publicity and education of comprehensive AIDS prevention and treatment knowledge in areas or communities where migrant populations live. Industry and commerce departments and the Federation of Industry and Commerce, among others, should actively guide employers to place publicity materials and condoms in the places where migrant workers live under their management, and to carry out peer education activities. Population and family planning departments should give full play to the advantages of the family planning technical service network to publicize knowledge of comprehensive AIDS prevention and treatment among the floating population and people of childbearing age. Labor export organizations, labor-using units, and human resources service agencies are required to incorporate education about comprehensive AIDS prevention and treatment into vocational skills training and safety education. Departments and units such as education, public security, health, and **** Youth League shall carry out publicity and education activities among young people on knowledge of comprehensive AIDS prevention and treatment. The departments of education, health and human resources and social security shall establish a working mechanism for AIDS prevention and publicity and education, incorporate education on comprehensive knowledge of AIDS prevention and treatment into the relevant curricula of medical schools and teacher training colleges and universities, carry out thematic education on comprehensive knowledge of AIDS prevention and treatment in junior high schools and above, and strengthen the construction of teaching staff to ensure that classroom hours are implemented and that the effectiveness of the teaching is ensured. The role of school clubs, the Internet, student publications and other platforms has been fully utilized to encourage young people to take the initiative to participate in publicity and education activities, and to make the implementation of comprehensive AIDS prevention and treatment knowledge and skills and other relevant education one of the contents of the annual assessment of schools. Women's federations, population planning, health and other departments and units should pay attention to women who have been infected with AIDS and are at risk of infection, and actively advocate and support the development of AIDS prevention and treatment knowledge and education for women, so as to prevent spousal transmission and mother-to-child transmission, and to effectively safeguard women's legitimate rights and interests. The advantages of the work networks of trade unions, the **** Youth League, the Women's Federation, the Federation of Industry and Commerce, the Red Cross and other organizations have been brought into full play, and in-depth efforts have continued to be made to carry out the "Employee Red Ribbon Health Action", the "Red Ribbon of Youth", and the "Face-to-Face" Women's Health Action. The Red Ribbon Health Action for Workers," "Red Ribbon for Youth," "Women's Face-to-Face" and "Red Ribbon Health Packs" are all being carried out in an in-depth manner. Public security, justice and other departments should take into account the characteristics of the custodial places, to strengthen the legal propaganda of the supervised personnel and the comprehensive prevention and treatment of AIDS knowledge education.
(2) Expanding the coverage of comprehensive intervention and improving the quality of intervention work. Focus on curbing the spread of AIDS through the sexual route. Public security departments should continue to crack down on prostitution and mobbing in accordance with the law. Departments of health, publicity, culture, population planning, industry and commerce, quality inspection, tourism and other sectors should implement the relevant regulations on the placement of condoms in hotels and other public **** places, strengthen inspection and guidance, and improve the accessibility of condoms. Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) shall specify the public **** places where condoms are to be placed or where condom distribution facilities are to be set up. Operators of the places concerned should promote the use of condoms through various means. Health education and comprehensive intervention for people with high-risk behaviors and the spouses of infected persons should be strengthened, so as to increase the rate of condom use. Testing for AIDS and STDs should be incorporated into the health checkups of service personnel in key public *** places, and treatment services should be provided in a timely manner for patients with AIDS and STDs detected. Capacity-building for the prevention and treatment of STDs in medical and health institutions is being strengthened, and the network of treatment services is being improved, the service environment is being improved, the quality of services is being improved, STD patients are being treated in a timely and standardized manner, and STD diagnostic and treatment services are being closely integrated with AIDS prevention and intervention. It is actively exploring ways to use antiretroviral treatment drugs to prevent transmission between spouses and among men who have sex with men.
To carry out comprehensive interventions for the drug-addicted population, and to solidly promote drug maintenance treatment for drug addiction, so as to minimize the harm of AIDS and drugs. While continuing to combat drug trafficking and drug abuse in accordance with the law, health, public security, justice, food and drug supervision and other departments should work closely together to prevent the spread of AIDS through drug abuse and the implementation of the People's Republic of China *** and the State Anti-Drug Law, Drug Rehabilitation Regulations, to strengthen the comprehensive intervention, and to further expand the coverage of drug rehabilitation drug maintenance treatment work. Relying on outpatient drug maintenance treatment clinics, extended service points have been established to improve the accessibility of services. Mechanisms are being established for the interface between compulsory isolation detoxification, community detoxification, community rehabilitation and drug maintenance treatment; active exploration is being made of the development of drug maintenance treatment in community detoxification and community rehabilitation facilities; and referrals are being made to drug maintenance treatment facilities for persons discharged from compulsory isolation detoxification. The standardized management of drug maintenance treatment is being strengthened, and the quality of service is being improved. Incentive mechanisms such as fee waivers and reductions should be explored in the light of local realities, with a view to strengthening the management of and comprehensive services for drug addicts, improving the retention rate of maintenance treatment, and ensuring the effectiveness of treatment. In places where drug maintenance treatment is difficult to cover, clean needle exchanges continue to be carried out.
Expanding the coverage of efforts to prevent mother-to-child transmission, and effectively reducing neonatal infections. The health sector should use the maternal and child health care network as a platform to incorporate the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of AIDS and the prevention and treatment of congenital syphilis into the routine work of maternal and child health care and reproductive health services, establish a long-term working mechanism, and gradually expand the work to the whole country. All types of medical and health institutions at all levels that provide maternal health care and midwifery services must make full use of maternal health care services to provide AIDS and syphilis counselling, testing, referral or diagnostic services for pregnant women and mothers. Mothers infected with HIV/AIDS and syphilis, as well as the babies and children they give birth to, are provided with free treatment, preventive medication, follow-up visits and other intervention services. Monitoring, prevention of opportunistic infections and early diagnosis of infants and young children are being strengthened to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV and the incidence of congenital syphilis.
(3) Strengthening the safe management of blood and preventing medical transmission. Development and reform, finance, health and other departments should be based on the local health care service development planning, to ensure that the development of blood collection and supply services in line with the growth rate of demand for medical services. Health, food and drug supervision, the Red Cross and other departments and units should consolidate the effectiveness of strengthening blood collection and supply institutions and blood management, implement the People's Republic of China*** and the State Blood Donation Law, actively establish volunteer organizations for unpaid blood donation, increase the proportion of regular unpaid blood donors, take effective measures to reduce blood donation by people with high-risk behaviors, and vigorously promote the work of unpaid blood donation. It has strengthened blood safety management, actively promoted blood screening and nucleic acid testing, and basically covered the whole country by the end of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. It will improve the quality control system of laboratories of blood collection and supply organizations, and strengthen the supervision and management of the whole process of blood collection and supply and the production of blood products. Public security and health departments shall carry out regular crackdowns on the illegal collection and supply of blood fluid (plasma), the production and sale of blood products and the organization of others to sell blood (plasma). Health departments should strengthen the training and management of medical and health institutions on rational clinical use of blood and nosocomial infection control, improve and implement the work system and technical specifications for the prevention of medical transmission of AIDS and hepatitis C, and strengthen the safety of patient protection and the occupational protection of medical personnel.
(d) Expanding the coverage of monitoring and testing, and maximizing the discovery of infected persons. Development and reform, health, quality inspection and other departments should rely on the existing medical and health services and infectious disease monitoring network, equipped with the necessary equipment and personnel, to further strengthen the monitoring and testing capacity building, and improve the comprehensive monitoring of AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases and Hepatitis C and laboratory testing network. Gradually promote testing for the identification of new HIV infections, testing during the window period of viral infection, and early diagnosis of HIV infection in infants and young children, and improve the accessibility and quality of testing services, with the laboratories of the confirmatory centers of all provincial-level CDCs equipped with the capacity to carry out testing for the identification of new HIV infections and pre-existing infections. The management of testing and case reporting by medical and health institutions has been strengthened, so as to keep abreast of the dynamics of epidemics and the characteristics of epidemics, and to provide early warning of possible epidemics. Strengthening the analysis and utilization of surveillance information, establishing an interdepartmental information cooperation and ****sharing mechanism, and regularly publicizing the epidemic. Health departments must rationalize the setting up and adjustment of voluntary counselling and testing points, and carry out testing and counselling for AIDS, syphilis and hepatitis C. Regular HIV and syphilis testing and counseling work is carried out for the spouses of infected persons and patients, as well as for people with high-risk behaviors. The public security, justice and health departments should strengthen the AIDS testing and counseling of supervised persons.
(v) Expanding the coverage of treatment and improving the level and accessibility of treatment. According to the specific situation of the infected and patients, in accordance with the principle of local treatment, timely anti-HIV treatment, strengthen follow-up, and improve the effectiveness of treatment. Family members of infected persons and community organizations are actively mobilized to participate in the treatment of ambulatory patients, so as to improve treatment compliance. Improving the management systems of medical and health institutions in the areas of anti-HIV and anti-opportunistic infection treatment for patients, follow-up visits, and the provision of medicines, as well as the referral and articulation mechanisms for off-site treatment, strengthening the treatment of patients among supervised persons and the floating population, and improving the accessibility and standardization of treatment. Screening and diagnosis of tuberculosis and hepatitis C among infected persons and patients should be strengthened, and treatment and follow-up services should be improved, so as to continuously improve the effectiveness of treatment. Health and traditional Chinese medicine departments should give full play to the role of traditional Chinese medicine, explore comprehensive treatment programs combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine for HIV/AIDS, expand the scale of traditional Chinese medicine treatment, and improve the quality of treatment. Development and reform, finance, health and other departments should strengthen the disciplines and capacity building of designated general hospitals and infectious disease hospitals, improve their comprehensive diagnosis and treatment capacity, and strengthen supervision and management, so as to realize their responsibility for providing diagnosis and treatment services for infected persons and patients. Primary medical and health-care institutions in all regions should, in accordance with the National Standard for Basic Public **** Health Services, make effective efforts to prevent and treat diseases in accordance with the requirements of the National Standard for Basic Public **** Health Services, such as health records of residents, health education and the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, in order to gradually equalize services for the prevention and treatment of AIDS. Public medical institutions should strengthen the nature of social welfare, and actively undertake such functions as AIDS testing and consultation, clinical treatment and management, and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of AIDS. Governments at all levels should, in accordance with the actual situation, subsidize the AIDS prevention and treatment tasks undertaken by medical institutions.
Further improving the supply guarantee system of AIDS treatment drugs, and improving the system of drug procurement, distribution, payment and reserve. Departments of development and reform, finance, human resources and social security, industry and information technology, food and drug supervision, health and other departments shall, in accordance with the needs of AIDS treatment, combined with the financial and medical insurance fund affordability, in due course, anti-opportunistic infections of the necessary medicines into the national catalog of basic medicines, and to do a good job of articulation with the basic medical insurance system. The departments of development and reform, finance, customs and taxation shall continue to provide tax incentives for imported and domestically produced anti-HIV treatment drugs. Departments of commerce, industry and information technology, intellectual property, and health should explore the feasibility of domestic enterprises licensing the production of imported patented medicines with high usage and high prices, so as to minimize the cost of medicines. Departments of development and reform, food and drug supervision, industry and information technology, and health should strengthen guidance and coordination of domestic pharmaceutical enterprises, and accelerate the research and development, production and approval of drugs in the field of AIDS treatment. Explore the determination of designated drug production enterprises through public bidding. Industry and information technology, health, finance and other departments should adjust the varieties and quantities of stockpiled drugs in accordance with the development and needs of the new situation, and do a good job of technical reserves of new drugs.
(F) to strengthen the services and management of infected persons and patients, the full implementation of care measures. Health, education, human resources and social security departments should persistently implement the "four free and one care" policy, and strive to eliminate discrimination against infected and sick people and their family members in medical treatment, employment and school enrollment. Raising the level of protection for AIDS treatment and further reducing the burden of medical costs. On the basis of continuing to implement the policies of free antiretroviral treatment and medical insurance reimbursement, civil affairs departments and other departments should, in light of the actual situation of patients with opportunistic infections, resolve the costs of treatment for opportunistic infections through medical assistance, and local governments should provide assistance to patients who have difficulty in making ends meet, so as to effectively alleviate the burden of their medical costs. Civil affairs, the Red Cross and other departments and organizations should strengthen their relief work for infected persons and patients as well as their emotional support and end-of-life care for patients in advanced stages of the disease, and include eligible infected persons and patients in the minimum subsistence guarantee and protect their privacy. Departments of poverty alleviation and human resources and social security are to combine government assistance with advocacy and mobilization of compassionate action, combine comprehensive AIDS prevention and treatment with poverty alleviation and development, support infected persons and patients with difficulties in life to carry out production and self-help, and safeguard the lawful rights and interests in employment of infected persons and patients who have the ability to work and the will to be employed, in accordance with the law. The finance and education departments must formulate and implement policies to provide assistance and exemptions for children of families in difficulty due to AIDS who are enrolled in ordinary high schools and colleges. Civil affairs departments shall include all children orphaned by AIDS in the orphan protection system; children infected with or suffering from HIV shall be appropriately subsidized for basic living expenses. Civil affairs, education and other departments to strengthen the psychological counseling work for children affected by AIDS, to ensure the healthy growth of children.
Publicity, health and other departments should strengthen the legal propaganda and moral education for the infected and the sick, enhance their concept of the rule of law, and improve their sense of social responsibility, and urge the infected and the sick to inform their spouses or those in sexual relationships of their infection status in a timely manner. The public security and judicial departments, in conjunction with the relevant departments, should combat, in accordance with the law, the intentional spread of AIDS and the use of the status of infected persons to carry out illegal and criminal activities, establish and improve the system of supervision of infected persons and patients who have violated the law, and do a good job of articulating the work of treating and rescuing them after they return to society, so as to maintain social harmony and stability. Health, foreign affairs, education, public security, human resources and social security, quality inspection, foreign specialties and other departments to actively cooperate, *** with the prevention and treatment of AIDS among foreigners in China.
(VII) the implementation of categorized guidance, and comprehensively promote the prevention and treatment of AIDS. Highly prevalent areas should focus on strengthening patient treatment, management, care and assistance and prevention of second-generation transmission, reduce new infections, reduce the rate of death, and curb the rising momentum of the epidemic as soon as possible. Highly prevalent counties (cities and districts) should incorporate HIV and syphilis testing and counseling into the content of premarital voluntary medical examinations, and county-level medical institutions should incorporate HIV testing into routine inpatient and outpatient examinations, and provide the necessary HIV testing and counseling services for people with high-risk behaviors in accordance with the principle of "informed but not rejected"; township and township health centers and community health service centers should provide HIV testing services for people with high-risk behaviors. Township health centers and community health service centers should carry out rapid HIV testing and counseling and syphilis testing for people with high-risk behaviors; they should actively promote anti-HIV treatment as a preventive strategy, and, according to the number and distribution of patients, rationally set up treatment service outlets to provide treatment services, in accordance with the principles of convenience for patients and quality assurance. Moderately endemic areas should control the spread and propagation of the epidemic. Moderately endemic counties (cities and districts) should expand the scope of AIDS testing in accordance with the actual situation, and county-level medical institutions should take the initiative to provide necessary counseling services on AIDS testing for patients attending key departments and for hospitalized patients in accordance with the principle of "knowingly not refusing"; promote anti-HIV treatment as a preventive strategy at an appropriate time, and designate designated medical institutions to provide treatment services for patients in accordance with the actual situation in the localities. Designated medical institutions will provide standardized treatment services for patients. Low-prevalence areas should focus on strengthening monitoring and publicity and education to maintain the low-prevalence trend of the epidemic.
To give full play to the role of comprehensive AIDS prevention and treatment demonstration zones, study the new situation and problems arising in the comprehensive prevention and treatment of AIDS, solve the key and difficult problems of prevention and treatment, constantly summarize the experience of the prevention and treatment of AIDS in different regions of China and in different modes of transmission, and explore the mode of work for the comprehensive prevention and treatment of AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases and hepatitis C. The relevant departments and regions should integrate resources for prevention and treatment, and strengthen the organization and management, technical guidance and supervision and assessment of the demonstration area.