In August 2009, the impact of the international financial crisis has not yet receded, China's southeastern coastal region, but began to appear "difficult to recruit". To 2010 before and after the Spring Festival this phenomenon gradually spread to more areas, and even some inland provinces. February, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, a survey shows that 70% of the surveyed enterprises are expected to recruit this year, "difficult" or "a certain degree of difficulty". In February, a survey by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security showed that 70 percent of enterprises surveyed expected to have "difficulty" or "some difficulty" recruiting workers this year. According to monitoring information released by Guangdong Province, the province has a labor shortage of about 900,000 people. Many enterprises are affected by the international financial crisis, "no rice in the pot", and now it is difficult to wait for orders and can not find "cooking people".
For the general public, the "rice bowl" is a big deal. The employment field in the "wind blowing grass", all cause social concern. From the international financial crisis under the impact of tens of millions of rural migrant workers to return home, to some places at present, "difficult to recruit", while there are still many college graduates into the difficult to find a job. Many people can not help but wonder: how should we look at the current employment situation?
● "difficult to recruit" is how to form?
The phenomenon of "difficult to recruit" has triggered a heated debate in society, and different people have different views. Some people believe that "difficult to recruit" indicates that the problem of difficult employment of migrant workers has been "reversed"; some people said, "difficult to recruit" is only a temporary phenomenon, there is no need to make a fuss! ...... So, "difficult to recruit" in the end how to form?
"Recruitment difficulties" stems from China's economic stabilization and recovery, the demand for labor increased significantly. Migrant workers are mainly concentrated in the southeastern coast engaged in processing and manufacturing of small and medium-sized enterprises, these enterprises are mostly export-oriented, by the international economic situation, the greater the impact of the beginning of 2009, due to the impact of the international financial crisis, the enterprise orders fell sharply, the operation is in trouble, resulting in a large number of migrant workers concentrated back home. With the improvement of China's economic situation and the recovery of the world economy, many factories continue to increase the number of new orders, the demand for labor accordingly increased substantially.
"Recruitment difficulties" stems from the fact that migrant workers are returning to their hometowns for employment and entrepreneurship. In recent years, the state has introduced a series of agricultural policies, increased support for the central and western regions, engaged in agricultural income has increased significantly, at the same time, the central and western regions of the economic development of the accelerated, employment opportunities have also increased significantly. If the relatively low cost of living is deducted, the actual income is not much different from working in the coastal areas. So many migrant workers returned home and then chose to work and start a business near their hometown.
"Recruitment difficulties" stem from many enterprises in the coastal areas of the southeast of the long-term low wages, poor treatment, migrant workers "vote with their feet", take the initiative to leave. Many enterprises in these areas, workers' wages remain unchanged for more than ten years, long working hours, labor intensity, poor working conditions are more common. In addition, rural migrant workers do not enjoy the same treatment as local residents in terms of medical care, pensions, housing and children's education. In particular, the new generation of "post-80s" and "post-90s" migrant workers has become the main body of migrant workers in China, and they have new requirements for employment environment, wage treatment and space for development, and they pay more and more attention to their own rights and interests, and dare to say "no" to enterprises with poor conditions. "No".
"Recruitment difficulties" stems from the asymmetry of labor information in a particular period. Due to the enterprise employment information and migrant workers out of the desire to work between the transmission channel is not smooth, resulting in recruiting units and the peak supply and demand of migrant workers do not docking. This year, due to international demand, before and after the Spring Festival, the surge in demand for labor, and migrant workers usually have to spend the Lantern Festival at home before going out to work, so this period of time will be prone to the phenomenon of "difficult to recruit".
"Difficulty in recruiting" also stems from the fact that the vocational quality and skill level of migrant workers do not match the actual demand for jobs in enterprises. Enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions are in urgent need of a large number of skilled labor and technical workers, but most of the migrant workers lack the appropriate skills, resulting in "difficult to recruit" and difficult to find employment coexist.
However, it should be noted that the phenomenon of "difficult to recruit" is only manifested in some areas and some enterprises, and is local rather than national, temporary rather than long-term, with regional, industrial and structural characteristics. Generally speaking, the situation in which the overall supply of employed people in China exceeds demand will not change significantly in a short period of time. According to demographic estimates, in the coming period, the annual need for employment of the urban labor force of more than 24 million people, while the economy in the normal growth conditions, jobs can only be arranged annually about 12 million, the contradiction between the supply of labor and demand is quite prominent. 2010 new labor force to enter the human resources market will reach 15 million people, of which college graduates will be more than 6.3 million people.
In addition, there are still more than 100 million surplus laborers in rural areas in China, and about 8-9 million of them need to be transferred every year; there are still a lot of jobs for more than 200 million rural migrant workers which are not stable. To do a good job of employment of these key people, the situation is grim, the task is arduous.
Therefore, we should not only see the positive significance of the phenomenon of "difficult to recruit" in prompting enterprises to improve the working environment, raise wages and protect the rights and interests of rural migrant workers, but also see that "difficult to recruit" does not mean that the current employment situation has been It is also important to see that "difficult to recruit" does not mean that the current employment situation has improved significantly. The coexistence of enterprises' "recruitment difficulties" and job seekers' difficulties in finding employment highlights the deep-rooted structural contradiction in employment, which will be further aggravated in the future. We need to maintain a clear understanding of the seriousness and long-term nature of the employment problem.
● Why do we need to do everything possible to expand employment?
Employment involves the livelihood and development of thousands of families, and it is particularly important for China, the world's most populous developing country, to properly solve the employment problem. China's labor force population of nearly 800 million people, equivalent to the total labor resources of all developed countries. The special demographic situation of the country determines that we must implement an active employment policy, do everything possible to expand employment, and strive to make more workers get jobs.
Employment is a matter of personal survival and dignity. The ancients said, "Those who do not have constant employment do not have constant production, and those who do not have constant production do not have constant ambition." A person can only engage in a certain occupation, a certain job, pay labor to obtain economic income, in order to obtain the means of subsistence, to maintain and improve their livelihood. At the same time, by giving full play to their intelligence at their posts, workers are also able to enjoy the joy of labor, experience the sense of accomplishment of creating wealth and value for society, achieve a dignified life, and realize the value of their own lives. It can be said that employment is an important prerequisite and a basic way for a person's survival, development and self-realization. Employment is related to social harmony and stability. Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood, and living and working in peace and contentment is the basic premise of social harmony and stability. Only when people have a job, a stable source of income and a secure livelihood will their hearts and minds be at ease, will their sense of belonging and security be strengthened, and will society develop in a stable manner. Full employment is also conducive to reducing poverty, narrowing the income gap, promoting social equity and fostering harmonious interpersonal relations. The facts of development in many other countries around the world also show that high unemployment often becomes an important cause of social unrest.
Employment is the key to healthy economic development. Employment is the foundation of economic development and a barometer of economic performance. The continuous growth of the national economy and the increasing wealth of the society are ultimately created by laborers from all walks of life in different employment positions. If a large number of workers are unemployed and consume wealth instead of creating it, the vitality of economic growth will inevitably be weakened. At the same time, only the realization of full employment, so that people's incomes continue to increase, in order to stimulate consumer demand, so that economic development to obtain lasting momentum.
In order to realize fuller employment, in recent years, the Party and the government have insisted on the implementation of the development strategy of expanding employment, and have continuously stepped up their efforts to solve the employment problem while maintaining faster economic growth. Especially since the end of 2008, in the face of the impact of the international financial crisis, a series of policies and measures to stabilize and expand employment have been launched, making the employment situation better than expected. 11.02 million new jobs were created in cities and towns across the country in 2009, which is 122% of the annual target; the urban registered unemployment rate was kept at 4.3%, which is lower than the annual expected target of 4.6%. In the case of major changes in the international and domestic economic environment, it is extremely difficult to achieve such results.
This year has been a year of extremely complicated economic situation, and the employment situation has been quite severe. In the post-financial crisis era, the international economic environment has become more complex and volatile, bringing new challenges and variables to the employment issue. China's economic recovery is not yet firmly based on a good foundation, the economic operation of the old and new contradictions and problems are intertwined, while also facing the transformation of the mode of development, the adjustment of the economic structure of the arduous task. A poor response to these problems will adversely affect the expansion of employment. Moreover, at present, 30%-40% of the new urban employment is flexible employment, and some of the employed migrant workers have unstable positions and lower income, which also increases the difficulty of maintaining stable employment.
At the same time, the long-standing situation of labor force "three touching" and the outstanding structural contradiction in employment have made the employment situation more complicated. On the one hand, we have long faced the youth employment, agricultural surplus labor force transfer employment and re-employment of laid-off unemployed people "three head-to-head" situation, which is other countries have never had; on the other hand, the overall quality of China's labor force is relatively low, a large number of rural migrant workers, including young rural migrant workers, can only be engaged in simple manual labor, and skilled workers, especially technicians, senior technicians, but quite a lot of people have to work. On the other hand, the overall quality of China's labor force is low, and a large number of rural migrant workers, including young migrant workers, can only engage in simple manual labor, while skilled workers, especially technicians and senior technicians, are in short supply and cannot meet the needs of economic development and structural adjustment. These also increase the difficulty of solving the employment problem.
In short, the special national conditions, complex economic situation, and prominent employment pressure determine the complexity and arduousness of the employment problem in China. The Party and the government have made it clear that expanding employment is the top priority for safeguarding and improving people's livelihoods, and that promoting employment should be the priority goal of economic and social development. We must make greater determination, use greater strength, and do everything possible to expand employment, which is a major issue for the country's economy and people's livelihood.
● How to ease the employment pressure on college graduates?
The Dongfang Turbine Co., Ltd. located in Deyang City, Sichuan Province, has recruited six Tsinghua University graduates this year. The person in charge of the company's human resources department said, "I've been in charge of recruiting for more than 20 years, and this is the first time that more than 30 Tsinghua University graduates have come to our company to seek employment." To a certain extent, this reflects that the employment concept of college students is showing positive changes, more rational and pragmatic. Nowadays, "grassroots", "entrepreneurship", "western" and so on gradually become the employment of university graduates hot words.
University graduates are the country's valuable human resources, is the modernization of a high-quality force. Doing a good job of employment of college graduates is related to the immediate interests of thousands of families, the modernization of the country and social harmony and stability. This year, there are more than 6.3 million college graduates, more than five times the number 10 years ago, hitting a record high. Together with the previous year did not realize employment, the need for employment of more than 7 million graduates, the employment situation is not optimistic.
The Party and the government, on the basis of implementing and improving the existing policies, have launched a series of timely and targeted measures to promote employment, implement the employment of university graduates to promote the action, and promote the employment of graduates on all fronts. The "Job Expansion Program" has been implemented to broaden the main channels for university graduates to find employment in urban and rural grassroots, central and western regions, and small and medium-sized enterprises; the "Entrepreneurship Leadership Program" has been implemented to provide university graduates with entrepreneurship training, project development, and micro-guarantees for their business start-ups. The program includes the implementation of the Entrepreneurship Leadership Program, which provides entrepreneurship training, project development, small amount guarantee and other integrated operations and services for entrepreneurship of university graduates; the implementation of the Employment Service and Assistance Program, which provides free employment services for university graduates; and the organization of special activities for the Employment Service Week and Employment Service Month of university graduates. These policies and measures are becoming more and more detailed, more and more practical, and more and more systematic, providing various channels and important guarantees for the employment of university graduates.
Promoting the employment of college graduates is a systematic project, inseparable from the governments at all levels, colleges and universities, as well as the whole society's **** with efforts. We need to further intensify our efforts, take multiple measures and adopt a multi-pronged approach to form a strong synergy to promote the employment of college graduates.
For all levels of government, we should put the central government's various deployments into practice and adopt more active policies to promote the employment of college graduates. The employment of college graduates should be included in the overall planning of local employment, and placed at the top of the current employment work, and strengthen the overall arrangement. We are actively deepening reforms of the household registration, personnel and employment systems, and clearing up institutional barriers to the employment of university graduates. Through the development of the economy and various social undertakings, more jobs will be created, especially in conjunction with the restructuring of the economy, so as to create more intellectually intensive employment opportunities. Implementing preferential policies for enterprises to absorb university graduates for employment, so that enterprises of all kinds, especially private enterprises, can become "reservoirs" for absorbing university graduates. Improvement of entrepreneurship support policies, encouragement of independent entrepreneurship among graduates, and strengthening of guidance, management and services for graduates participating in grass-roots employment programs. Vigorously developing the human resources service industry, guiding and encouraging all kinds of human resources service organizations to actively carry out employment services for college graduates, and reducing costs and providing convenience for college graduates' employment. Colleges and universities should make employment promotion their top priority and strive to expand the employment space for graduates. They should fully implement the "hand" project of employment, ensure that employment guidance services are "triple-placed" in terms of organization, personnel and funding, and improve the employment work system. We will offer employment guidance courses, carry out entrepreneurship education and services, and strive to improve the employment competitiveness and social adaptability of graduates. We are actively adapting to changes in social demand and the job market, increasing the adjustment of disciplines and majors, further integrating and optimizing educational resources, and focusing on cultivating high-quality composite talents to realize the change from talent-supply oriented to employment-demand oriented.
For employers, they should actively undertake social responsibility and strive to absorb the employment of university graduates. At present, many employers are overly concerned about the high degree of education, work experience, refusal of female job seekers, deliberately low treatment and other tendencies, to a certain extent, affecting the employment of college graduates. Employers should establish a long-term vision and the correct concept of employment, eliminate gender, education and other prejudices, improve the employment mechanism, and actively absorb and reserve talents.
For the graduates themselves, they should enhance their confidence and improve their employability. To change the concept, set up "first employment, after choosing a job", "heavy career, light geographical" and other correct view of choosing a job, consciously put their own knowledge, skills and the country, the needs of society combined. To be brave to start a business, using their own high level of knowledge and strong working ability, learning ability to start their own business, to break into their own wide world. To practice "inner strength", in the hard study, improve the level of knowledge at the same time, and actively participate in a variety of social practice activities, increase social experience, accumulation of work experience. The first thing you need to do is to get a good understanding of the employment information, master the employment skills, and grasp each and every employment opportunity.
In addition, all aspects of society to **** with the help of college graduates to successfully cross the employment of this "can". Parents should guide their children to correctly view the current employment situation, update the concept of employment, and reasonably determine the employment expectations. The news media should vigorously publicize the party and government policies and measures to promote the employment of graduates, publicity to the west, to the grass-roots level employment and self-employment of advanced models, to create a good public opinion to promote the employment of graduates.