X-ray is an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength between ultraviolet and gamma rays. X-rays have strong penetrating power and are often used for fluoroscopy in medicine. Long-term exposure to X-ray radiation is harmful to human body.
The answer to your question about who has received a large amount of radiation is of course the illuminator, that is, the X-rays directly hit your filming area, and the damage is concentrated.
For knowledge, please refer to the following:
X-ray radiation can penetrate cells, destroy dna and even induce some cancer cells. X-rays will destroy the internal structure of cells and cause irreparable lifelong damage to genetic molecules. Other studies have shown that X-rays can destroy red blood cells and may induce leukemia and other blood diseases.
Although X-ray contains harmful radiation, as a necessary medical means, X-ray examination is still widely used in China. Especially when the patient's superficial symptoms are not enough to diagnose the disease, X-ray and ct examination are needed to help doctors make a definite diagnosis. X-ray examination of fracture is the most common, in addition, abnormal conditions of lung, liver, kidney, spleen and other internal organs can be observed; Bone tumors such as ribs, clavicle and thoracic vertebrae can be found; Mucosal swelling and tumors caused by gastric ulcer and gastroenteritis can also be found. The principle of ct examination and X-ray is basically the same.
So how harmful is X-ray examination? Some experts have used orthopedic surgery, which needs X-ray examination most, as an example to calculate the radiation dose of patients during treatment. The times that patients need X-ray examination are: once at the time of diagnosis (if further diagnosis is needed, ct scan is needed), once after operation (patients with joint reduction need to do it again during operation), once a month after operation and once every three months after operation. This is the basic number of exams, ranging from 6 to 4. In the future, it depends on the different rehabilitation conditions of fracture patients, whether the film is clear and needs to be redone, referral from higher and lower hospitals and other factors. Some patients can do 10 times at least.
Take a chest X-ray. When radiation irradiation is carried out in the inspection area, the irradiation rate is about 160 millisieverts (unit for measuring radiation)/hour, which is about 0.045 millisieverts/second. Take chest rib fracture as an example, it takes about 0.5 seconds to take a chest X-ray, so the patient has to bear about 0.023 millisieverts of radiation. According to six X-ray examinations, a patient with rib fracture has to bear a radiation dose of 0. 138 millisieverts.
According to the standards formulated by the International Commission on Radiological Protection, the total radiation risk is 0.0 165/ sievert, that is to say, the probability of cancer will increase by 0.0 1 65 for each dose of radiation received by the human body (1sievert = 1000 millisieverts). Based on this calculation, the risk of a patient with rib fracture will increase by about 3.8/10 million.
For other medical examinations, generally speaking, X-ray examination of limbs requires 0.0 1 msv, abdomen 0.54 msv, pelvis 0.66 msv, lumbar spine10.4 msv, and upper digestive tract 2.55 msv. Based on this calculation, the risk of cancer in healthy people due to physical examination is between one in ten thousand and one in one in one hundred thousand.
How much harm does medical radiation do to human body?
Radiation is harmful to human body, but how much damage is it? Experts believe that it is closely related to the type and dose of radiation exposed. Medical radiation mainly includes X-ray, γ-ray and β-ray, among which X-ray is the most common, such as common X-ray, ct, X-knife used for radiography and interventional therapy, radiotherapy and so on. Gamma rays are mainly used in ect and radiotherapy equipment. Comparatively speaking, X-ray is the most harmful, followed by γ-ray, and β-ray is the weakest. Moreover, X-rays can be divided into soft rays and hard rays according to different frequencies. Hard rays easily penetrate the human body, and soft rays are easily absorbed by the human body, so it is very harmful. X-rays often contain soft rays and hard rays. ct tubes have high voltage, and there is a collimator to filter soft rays.
Radiation damage is proportional to the dose, and the greater the dose, the greater the damage. Generally speaking, medical radiation is relatively safe. Besides therapeutic radiation, diagnostic radiation is safe and acceptable. For example, X-ray and ct will not cause obvious harm to human body. As far as examination is concerned, the dose of X-ray film is the lowest, followed by ct and angiography. Experts remind that the application of medical radiation should be based on the needs of the disease, and it is forbidden to have a full-body physical examination and ct full-body scanning. It is very harmful to the human body to receive too many doses in a short time.
Preventive measures:
1. Radiological examination needs to communicate with doctors, reasonably choose scanning scheme, try to avoid repeated examination, and reduce the dose under the condition of satisfying the diagnosis.
2. Use the protective equipment provided by the hospital as much as possible during the inspection, and try to avoid radiation-sensitive parts (such as genitals, thyroid, eyeballs, etc.). ).
3. The dose of higher-grade equipment is generally lower. For example, the dose of digital dr photography is much smaller than that of ordinary X-ray machines. The dose of high-grade spiral ct is much smaller than that of ordinary ct.
4. It is best to accept filming at least three times a day; Although the cost of ct examination is reduced by 50%, it is best not to exceed three parts.
After X-ray examination, you can eat some high-quality protein and foods rich in vitamins B, C, E, etc.