I. Definitional aspects:
Ionizing radiation is radiation that carries enough energy to make the electrons in atoms or molecules of a substance into a free state, thereby causing these atoms or molecules to undergo the phenomenon of ionization.
And electromagnetic radiation is the phenomenon of electromagnetic waves generated by interactive changes in electric and magnetic fields, which are emitted or leaked into the air.
Two, the formation of aspects:
Ionizing radiation is able to make the affected material ionization phenomenon of radiation, that is, the wavelength of less than 100nm electromagnetic radiation.
And electromagnetic radiation is an invisible and untouchable field. Human survival of the earth itself is a large magnetic field, its surface thermal radiation and lightning can produce electromagnetic radiation, the sun and other planets from outer space is also a constant source of electromagnetic radiation.
The natural magnetic field around humans, sunlight, household appliances and so on will send out radiation of different intensities. Electromagnetic radiation is an external manifestation of the state of motion of atoms and molecules within matter.
Third, the characteristics of the aspect:
1, ionizing radiation is characterized by short wavelength, high frequency, high energy. Ionizing radiation can emit (ionize) one or several electrons from atoms, molecules, or other bound states.
2, electromagnetic radiation in the form of in? self-propagating waves in a vacuum or in matter. Electromagnetic radiation has an oscillation of electric and magnetic field components that propagate energy in two mutually perpendicular directions.
Four, classification:
1, ionizing radiation is a general term for all radiation that can cause ionization of matter, of which there are many classes, high-speed charged particles alpha particles, beta particles, protons, uncharged particles and neutrons and X-rays, γ-rays.
2, electromagnetic radiation is divided into different types according to the frequency or wavelength, these types include (in increasing order of frequency): electricity, radio waves, microwaves, terahertz radiation, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma rays. Of these, radio waves have the longest wavelengths and gamma rays the shortest. x-rays and gamma rays are highly ionizable, the other electromagnetic radiations are relatively weakly ionizable, and the lower frequencies are not ionizable.
V. Harmful aspects:
1, ionizing radiation can cause radiation sickness, it is the body's systemic reaction, almost all organs and systems are pathological changes, but which the nervous system, hematopoietic organs and digestive system of the most obvious changes. Ionizing radiation damage to the body can be divided into acute radiation damage and chronic radiation damage.
A short period of time to receive a certain dose of irradiation, can cause acute damage to the body, usually seen in nuclear accidents and radiation therapy patients. While a longer period of time scattered to receive a certain dose of irradiation, can cause chronic radiation damage, such as skin damage, hematopoietic disorders, leukopenia, impaired fertility, etc.. In addition, excessive radiation can also cause cancer and cause fetal death and malformation.
2, more than 2 milligauss electromagnetic radiation will lead to disease, the first is the human skin and mucous membrane tissues, symptoms manifested in swollen eyelids, eye congestion, nasal congestion and runny nose, throat discomfort, or the whole body skin repeated hives, eczema, itching, etc.; affecting the body's immune function may be vitiligo, psoriasis, allergic purpura.
It is understood that electromagnetic radiation has been listed by the WHO as the fourth largest source of environmental pollution following the water, air, noise, and become a hazard to human health of the invisible " killer ", long-term and excessive electromagnetic radiation on the human body reproduction, neurological and immune system damage, skin diseases, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer mutation, the main cause of the "killer". The main cause of skin disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer mutation. And household appliances, office electronics, cell phones and computers have become the largest source of electromagnetic radiation.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia - Ionizing Radiation
Baidu Encyclopedia - Electromagnetic Radiation