The astm f963 test standard has general requirements for toy products exported to the U.S. market. 1.3.1 Toxic Substances - Toys or materials used in toys must comply with the FHSA and related regulations promulgated under the FHSA. 16 CFR 1500.85 lists certain types of toys that do not fall under the FHSA. These regulations set limits for toxic, corrosive, irritating, sensitizing, stress-producing, radioactive, flammable, and combustible substances. It should be noted that some state regulations for toxic substances may be more stringent than federal regulations.
1.3.2?Manufacturing and Packaging of Foods---The manufacturing and packaging of foods sold with toys must comply with 21 CFR 110, the Sanitary Practice Regulation for the Manufacture, Processing, Packaging, and Storage of Human Apparatus.
1.3.3?Additives for Undirected Apparatus---Toys with food-contact components, such as toy cookware, must comply with the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA). Cosmetic Act (FDCA) requirements. In particular, 21 CFR 110.
1.3.3.1?Labeling of toy parts intended to come into contact with food---Toys consisting of parts intended to come into contact with food, such as toy cookware and toy cutlery, must be labeled in accordance with the requirements of 2.8.
1.3.3.2 Lead and Cadmium in Ceramics---Ceramic toy parts that are or may be used to hold food, e.g., ceramic tea sets, must comply with the requirements of 402(2)(C) of the FDCA and the FDA Guidelines for Product Conformity Guidelines.
1.3.4?Cosmetics---Toy cosmetics must meet the requirements of FDCA code 21CER. The requirements applicable to cosmetics are found in 21 CFR 700-740. The requirements for coloring in cosmetics are found in 21 CFR 73, 74, 81, and 82.
1.3.4.1?Additionally, all toy cosmetic products must comply with all of the requirements of this standard and the FHSA regulations, excluding 16 CFR 1500.81 and 50.3(b)(ii).
1.3.4.2?The requirements of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are therefore supplemental to the current regulations for children's products.
1.3.5?Paints and Similar Surface Coating Materials - Paints and other similar surface coating materials used on toys must comply with 16 CFR 1303, issued under the Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA), regarding lead content.
1.3.5.1 This regulation prohibits the use of paints with lead content, calculated as the metal Pb, in excess of the total nonvolatile weight of the paint or the dry paint film. volatile weight or zero point six percent (600 ppm) of the weight of the dry paint film, of paint or similar surface coatings containing lead or leaded quantities.
1.3.5.2?In addition, the metal content of soluble substances in compounds of antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, and selenium in a surface coating material shall not exceed the ratio of the metal content of the soluble substances to the weight of its solids, including pigments and film-curing and drying materials, by more than the corresponding values given in Table 1. Before comparing the analytical results with the values in Table 1 to determine compliance, they shall be adjusted according to the test method in 8.3.4. The soluble content shall be determined by dissolving solid substances (including pigments, film-curing materials and dried films of dry materials) in accordance with 5.3.
Table 1: Maximum soluble content of transferred elements in toy materialsNote: Unit: ppm (mg/kg)
Elements: Lead (Pb) Arsenic (As) Antimony (Sb) Barium (Ba) Cadmium (Cd) Chromium (Cr) Mercury (Hg) Selenium (Se)
Limit: 90 25 60 1000 75 60 60 500
1.3 .6?Toy cosmetics, liquids, pastes , gels and powders - The purpose of this requirement is to minimize the risks arising from insufficient cleanliness, shelf-life and contamination of cosmetics and liquids for toys, gels and other mobile organic substances used on toys. This requirement establishes standards for the cleanliness and ability of the above substances to withstand long-term shelf life or/and contamination without microbial degradation in use.
1.3.6.1?Water used in the manufacture and stuffing of toys shall be prepared in accordance with USP bacteriological standards for pure water.
Note 1-Caution: There are different methods of preparing pure water, each of which may result in different levels of contamination of the final product. Pure water produced by distillation is sterile if the production equipment is competent and sterile. On the other hand, special attention should be paid to ion exchange columns and reversed-phase osmotrons, as they provide a site for microbial contamination of the preparation system and contaminated water streams. Therefore, frequent testing is required, especially when these devices are reused after they have been out of operation for more than a few hours.
1.3.6.2?The above substances used on toys must be formulated in such a way that the above substances are incapable of microbial degradation during their shelf life and reasonably foreseeable use.
1.3.6.3?The cleanliness of the above substances used in toys and their constituent parts must be in accordance with a formulation that protects against microbial degradation.
1.3.7 Stuffing materials - Loose stuffing materials used to fill toys must not have undesirable materials from infestation by insects, birds, rodents or other animal parasites, nor must they have contaminants, such as splinters and metal shavings, which may be produced under good operating practices. Test methods for determining objectionable materials are found in Chapter 16 of the Association of Statutory Analytical Chemists' Statutory Analytical Formula?quot;. In addition, fiberfill materials, whether natural or synthetic, shall meet the requirements of Title 34, Chapter 47, Part 47.317 of the Pennsylvania Capacity Regulations for Stuffed Toys.
1.3.8?DEHP (DOP) - Pacifiers, rattles, and bite rings DEHPI must not purposefully contain 2 (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (also called dioctyl phthalate). To avoid trace levels of DEHP (DOP) from affecting analytical results, when testing in accordance with D3421, a maximum of three percent of the total solids may be acceptable in the test results. The requirements of this clause are designed to minimize the risk of ingestion or inhalation to children under 36 months of age by the subject
1.6.1?Toys intended for use by children under 36 months of age shall comply with the requirements of 16 CFR 1501. Criteria for determining which class of toys is subject to this requirement are found in 16 CFR 1500.50, 1501 and portions of Appendix A1 of this standard. Toy debris for the purposes of this provision includes, but is not limited to, extruded spills, plastic flakes, foam shreds, or tiny chips or scrapings. Paper, fibers, sand threads, lint, rubber bands and threads are excluded from the scope of this requirement.
1.6.1.1?Before and after use and abuse in accordance with Article VIII, these requirements also apply to determining the accessibility of small items, such as small toys and toy covers A including eyes, sound producing parts, buttons, or small pieces that are dropped or removed from the toy.
1.6.1.2?The following items are exempt from this requirement: balloons, books, and other paper products; writing materials (crayons, chalk, pencils, pens); records; modeling clay and similar products; and nail paints, watercolors, or other paint sets. A list of all articles not subject to control is specified in 16 CER 1501.3.
1.6.1.3?Toys assembled by an adult and containing potentially hazardous small parts prior to assembly shall be labeled in accordance with clause.
1.6.2?Mouth-activated toys
The requirements of this clause relate to toys that are repeatedly actuated by blowing and sucking, such as hairpipes. Mouth-activated toys containing loose objects, such as small balls in whistles or inserts, such as reeds in hairpipes, shall not be dislodged from the disposable objects contained within the toy when air is blown or sucked rapidly and alternately through the mouthpiece in accordance with the procedures in this Standard clause.
1.6.2.1 Small objects contained within an inflatable toy shall not be detached from the toy during inflation or deflation.
1.6.3?Toys and game machines intended for use by children at least 3 years (36 months) but less than 6 years (72 months) of age shall comply with the requirements of 16 CFR 1500.19. With the exception of paper punch games and similar items, any toys and games machines intended for use by children at least 3 years (36 months) but less than 6 years (72 months) of age and containing small objects shall be labeled in accordance with the requirements of 2.10.2. Toys must not have accessible sharp edges that contain potential hazards. Toys intended for assembly by adults and containing unprotected, potentially hazardous sharp edges prior to assembly shall be labeled in accordance with 5.9.
1.7.1 Potentially hazardous metal sharp edges and off-duty sharp edges are defined in 16 CFR 1500.49. Toys intended for children under 8 years of age shall comply with this requirement before or/and after they have been subjected to use and abuse testing as specified in 8.5 through 8.10.
1.7.2 Toys intended for children 48 months through 96 months of age that contain potentially hazardous edges that are essential to the function of the toy shall bear a warning label in accordance with 5.2. Toys intended for children under the age of 48 months must not contain accessible hazardous edges that are necessary for the function of the toy.
1.7.3 Accessible metal edges of metal toys, including holes and slots, must not contain hazardous burrs or thin, slanted edges or the metal edges must be folded, rolled, or formed into a spiral or covered with a permanent fixture or coating.
Note 2: Regardless of how the edges are treated, they must comply with the technical requirements for sharp edges in 1.7.1. If protective devices are used, the said devices must not be detached after testing in accordance with the applicable procedures.
1.7.4?Molded toys shall be free of hazardous edges from burrs and spills on accessible edges, corners, or mold interfaces, or shall be protected so that hazardous edges are not exposed.
1.7.5?Exposed bolts and threaded rods, where the ends of the bolts and threaded rods are accessible, shall be threaded without exposed hazardous sharp edges and burrs, or the ends shall be covered by smooth caps so that hazardous sharp edges and burrs are not exposed. Toys must not have potentially hazardous sharp edges that are accessible for one reason or another: the construction of the toy, poorly fastened assembly parts, such as metal threads, pins, nails, U-shaped nails; poorly planted pieces of metal; burrs on screws, wooden parts with burrs.
1.8.1 Potentially hazardous sharp points are defined in 16 CFR 1500.48.
1.8.2 Potentially hazardous sharp points that are accessible in toys intended for children 48 through 96 months of age and that are necessary for function, such as needles in sewing toys, must bear a warning label in accordance with 2.2. Toys intended for children under 48 months of age must not contain a functional, accessible sharp point.
1.8.3?Wood
Wood used in toys must not have burrs on the accessible surfaces and edges of the wood before and after testing in accordance with applicable procedures. Metal wires and rods used in the interior of toys that are accessible after testing for use and reasonably foreseeable abuse must have ends that are treated to avoid potentially hazardous tips and burrs, and must be bent or protected by smooth protective caps or covers. Wire or other metallic material used in toys to provide rigidity or to hold a form in place must not break and create a hazardous tip, edge, or projection hazard when tested in accordance with 5.12 if it is bent at an angle of 60 degrees with the maximum applicable external force. A force shall be applied vertically to the end of the component (wire or rod) at a point 2±0.05in (50±1.3mm) from the main axis of the component (wire or rod) at the point of intersection of the component (wire or rod) and the body of the device, or at the end of the component if the length of the component is less than 2in (50mm), and the maximum force as described above shall be as follows [tolerance ±0.51b (±0.02kg)]:
10 1b (45N). )Toys for children 18 months of age or younger
15 1b (67N)Toys for children 18 months of age or older to 96 months of age The purpose of this requirement is to reduce the risk of choking due to thin packaging film. Lightweight plastic film bags and flexible plastic film used as packaging material for toys or for the toys themselves must be rated at a thickness of 0.00150in (0.03810mm) or greater, but the actual thickness must never be less than 0.00125in (0.03175mm). Thickness shall be determined in accordance with Method C of Test Method D 374. This requirement does not apply to the following:
1.12.1?Bags with a bag opening circumference of less than 14in (360mm) after the perimeter is fully stretched.
1.12.2?Bags that, when fully stretched around the perimeter, have a bag opening circumference of 14in (360mm) or more, with the sum of the bag length and fully stretched bag opening circumference less than 23in (584mm).
1.12.3?Shrink film rated less than 0.00150in (0.0381mm) thick for wrapping toys, where the film is typically destroyed when the customer opens the package. The purpose of this requirement is to reduce the risk of entanglement and strangulation that may be caused by accessible cords and rubber disks.
1.13.1 String and rubber bands on toys
String and rubber bands contained in or attached to toys intended for use by children under the age of 18 months, excluding pull toys, for which the requirements in 1.13.2 are set out, must have a maximum length of less than 12 in (305 mm) when measured in the slack position and when subjected to a random live load of 5 1b (2.25 kg). If the rope/rubber band or multiple sections of rope/rubber band can be tangled or/and formed into a loop and attached to any part of the toy, including a bead or other attachment at the end of the rope/rubber band, the circumference of the loop must be less than 14in (356mm) under the force of gravity of 51b (2.25kg)
1.13.1.1?Self-retracting Tow Rope
For use on toys by children under 18 months of age. An accessible rope, other than a single-fiber rope less than 1/16in (2mm) in diameter, on a rope towing mechanism on a toy for use by a child under 18 months of age, shall not retract more than 1/4in (6mm) when the toy is secured in the most retractable position and the rope is suspended vertically with the rope fully extended and a load of 21b (0.9kg) is applied. Single fiber ropes with a diameter of 1/16in (2mm) or less shall not retract when subjected to a load of 11b (0.45kg) when tested in the above manner.
1.13.2?Towable toys
Ropes and rubber bands longer than 12in (300mm) on towable toys intended for use by children under the age of 36 months must not have beads or other attachments that could cause the rope or disk to become entangled in a loop.
1.13.3 Ropes and Lines for Flying Devices
Kite ropes and hand lines in excess of 6 ft (1.8 m) in length attached to flying devices intended for use in play must have a resistance value in excess of 108 Ω.cm, when measured with a high-voltage breakdown meter at a relative humidity of not less than 45% and a temperature of not more than 75.F (24°C). The purpose of this requirement is to eliminate the need for the use of kite ropes and hand lines used in toys intended to carry the weight of a child. The purpose of this requirement is to eliminate the hazards of crushing, scratching and pinching that may be caused by folding mechanisms and hinges used in toys that casually carry children's weight. For example, sudden collapse or accidental movement of the folding mechanism or hinges that results in a shearing action; and variations in the clearance between the two hinge members at the hinge line such that a finger can be inserted in one, but not all, parts of the hinge. This requirement does not address generally recognized and familiar hazards arising from variations in the clearance of door edges or pivot or hinge sections in toy truck bodies, earth moving machinery and similar toys that cannot carry the weight of a child. See 1.26 for requirements for toy chests.
1.15.1 Folding mechanisms
Toy furniture and other toys intended for normal use and reasonably foreseeable abuse testing, which use folding mechanisms, brackets, or struts to carry children's weights, or the equivalent thereof, shall have a safety brake or locking mechanism to prevent accidental or sudden movement or collapse of the object, or shall have sufficient clearance to prevent accidental or sudden movement or collapse of the object when the object is suddenly moved or collapsed. There must be sufficient clearance to prevent crushing or cutting of fingers, hands and toes in the event of collapse.
1.15.2?Hinge Line Clearance
When there is a gap or clearance in the hinge line between a fixed part of the toy and a movable part of the toy that weighs more than 1/2 1b (0.2kg), if a 3/16in (5Mmm) diameter round bar can be inserted into the accessible gap in the hinge line, a 1/2in (13mm) diameter round bar must be inserted into all parts of the hinge line. 13mm) round rod. The purpose of this requirement is to eliminate hazards that may arise due to variations in clearance. Toys must comply with this requirement after testing in accordance with 8.5 through 8.10. The individual pinch clearance requirements listed in 1.16.1 through 1.16.6 reflect the various types of sockets or pinches that may occur.
1.16.1?Accessible gaps between moving parts
This requirement relates only to gaps between lo moving parts on toys intended for use by children under the age of 96 months, where there is a potential hazard of entrapment or compression of fingers or other body parts. This claim includes, but is not limited to, grooves in wheelwomen and rigid wheels, radial gaps in guards or ride-on toy wheels and chassis, or drive wheels and other parts of motorized, clockwork, or inertia-driven toys. If a round rod 3/16in (5mm) in diameter can be inserted in the accessible gaps described above, a he rod 1/2in (13mm) in diameter must be insertable to prevent finger entrapment.
1.16.2?Round Holes in Rigid Materials
The purpose of this requirement is to prevent the risk of finger entrapment (which may cut off circulation) caused by the use of accessible holes in pieces of metal and other rigid materials on toys intended for use by children 60 months of age or younger. (It is generally recognized that non-round holes do not pose a serious risk of cutting off circulation to an entrapped finger.) Accessible round holes in any rigid material less than 0.062in (1.58mm) thick must also be accessible for insertion of a 1/2in (13mm) diameter round rod if a 1/4in (6mm) diameter round rod can be inserted to a depth of 3/8in (10mm) or more.
1.16.3?Chains and belts
The purpose of this requirement is to prevent the risk of entrapment by finger insertion between the links of a supporting chain or between a chain and a sprocket or between a pulley and a belt.
1.16.3.1 Support Chains
Chains used to support the weight of a child on toys intended for use by children 36 months of age or younger, such as suspension seats or similar indoor fixtures, where a 0.19-inch (5-mm) diameter round bar may be inserted between the two links of the chain if it is accessible and in the slack position.
1.16.3.2 Chains or belts for ride-on toys
Power transmission chains and belts on ride-on toys shall be covered.
1.16.4 Mechanical Inaccessibility
Toys intended for children 60 months of age or younger must not have parts of the wind-up, battery, inertia, or other power-driven mechanism that are accessible in such a way that there is a risk of entrapment or scratching. (See 1.16.2 for requirements for round holes)
1.16.5?Clockwork keys
The purpose of this requirement is to prevent the risk of entrapment or scratching caused by a finger penetrating the gap between the key and the body of the toy. This claim applies to toys intended for use by children under the age of 36 months which utilize a clockwork key which rotates when the mechanism is deployed . This requirement applies to keys having a flat plate attached to the stem and protruding from a rigid surface, and does not apply to round knob keys which use a torque. If a round bar 0.25in (6mm) in diameter can be inserted through the gap between the claw handle of the key and the body of the toy, a round bar 0.5in (13mm) in diameter must also be inserted through the gap at any point in the key. Keys covered by this subsection must not have an opening in the claw grip through which a 0.19in (5mm) diameter round bar can be inserted.
1.16.6?Disc springs
The purpose of this requirement is to prevent fingers or toes from being pinched or crushed by toys containing springs. Coil springs (compression or tension springs) that form part of a component used to support the weight of a child shall be covered to prevent them from being accessible during use and reasonably foreseeable abuse, except in one of the following cases:
1.16.6.1?A round bar with a diameter of 0.12in (3mm) cannot be freely inserted
1.16.6.2?A spring that is subjected to a load of 31b (1.4kg (1.4kg) and then 70 1b (32kg) at all points in the course of the action of the spring, a round bar of 0.25in (6mm) diameter may be freely inserted between two adjacent springs. 1.17.1 Stability of Ride-on Toys and Seats
The purpose of this requirement is to minimize the accidental hazards that can be caused by easily tipped toys. This requirement takes into account the stabilizing effect of the child's legs and recognizes the child's instinctive ability to regulate balance in a tilted position. The requirements listed in 1.17.2 and 1.17.3 must be applied to the following types of toys intended for use by children 60 months of age or younger: ride-on toys with three or more loaded wheels, e.g., vehicles of any kind; ride-on activity toys, e.g., wooden horses; and stationary toys with seats, e.g., toy furniture. Spherical, cylindrical and other shaped ride-on toys which do not generally have a stabilizing base are excluded from this requirement.
1.17.2 Tilt stability
This requirement considers two types of stability hazards that may occur: those in which the feet are available for stabilization on the ride-on toy or seat, and those in which the feet are limited by the enclosed structure and are not available for stabilization.
1.17.2.1 Lateral stability with stabilizing feet
Lateral stability testing is not required for seats in ride-on toys where the height of the seat above the floor is equal to or less than 1/3 of the height corresponding to the youngest age in the age groups not used in Table 2, and where the child's feet are stabilized by unrestricted lateral movement.
1.17.2.2?Remote lateral stability where foot stabilization is not possible
1.17.3?Forward and backward stability
This requirement relates to forward and backward stability when the rider cannot readily stabilize the ride-on toy with the legs. The stability test of the ride-on toy shall be performed with the driver's wheel not only in the forward position, but also at an angle of 45 degrees to the right and 45 degrees to the left of the front.
1.17.4 Stability of Fixed Floor-Mounted Toys
The purpose of this requirement is to reduce the risk of toys toppling over due to doors, drawers, or other removable parts being stretched to their maximum position. Height greater than 30IN (760mm). Fixed floor-mounted toys weighing more than 10 1b (4.5kg) cannot be tipped over when all removable parts are stretched to their maximum position and placed face down on an incline of 10.
1.17.5?Requirements for Ride-On Toys and Seats
The purpose of this requirement is to minimize the risk of accidents that may result from toys that cannot withstand overloaded loads. All ride-on toys, toys used as seats, or toys designed to support all or part of a child's body weight must be capable of withstanding a load placed on the seat or on any other part designed to carry a heavy load without collapsing to the point of danger (power-driven device exposed). The purpose of this requirement is to reduce the risk that a child may become trapped in an enclosed toy, such as a toy refrigerator, and to prevent the risk of choking that may result from a head-enclosed toy, such as a space helmet.
1.19?Imitation Protective Devices (e.g., helmets, hats, and goggles) The purpose of this requirement is to reduce the risk that goggles or space helmets may become damaged due to the materials used in their manufacture, or that the wearer of an imitation protective device type toy, such as soccer helmets and pads, may use them as a true protective device rather than as a toy.
1.19.1 EYE PROTECTION
All rigid toys that cover the face, such as goggles, space helmets, or face shields, must be constructed of impact-resistant materials.
1.19.2?Toys that mimic safety check protection devices are to be clearly labeled.
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