Logistics Management Warehousing Knowledge Book
Fourth, the warehouse management of the operational processWarehousing operations mainly include warehousing management, management in the warehouse and out of the warehouse management of three stages. Each stage is divided into a number of steps, each step includes a number of contents. Modern warehouses (logistics centers) within the specific operations and content are as follows.
1, into the warehouse
Into the warehouse is the first step in warehousing operations, which is divided into bulk into the warehouse and the demolition of boxes into the warehouse.
(1) bulk into the warehouse
Bulk into the warehouse refers to the general cargo and air cargo (not previously stacked on pallets and fixed) from the warehouse receiving dock unloaded stacked on pallets. Its warehouse operations mainly include:
① unloading.
② into the warehouse acceptance.
To prevent a variety of undesirable changes in the storage of goods, first of all, when the goods into the warehouse should be strictly acceptance, to clarify the quality of goods and their packaging. Hygroscopic commodities should be tested to see if their moisture content exceeds the safe water, and other abnormalities of the commodity to find out the reasons for the specific circumstances of the treatment and take remedial measures to prevent and prevent.
In the entire warehouse operation, the most important is the feed operation into the test work, the error rate of this work is required to 0%, that is, 100% correct. Into the test is a piece of work is quite detailed, into the test to pay attention to: the integrity of the outer box; the number of invoices in line with the date of manufacture, retention period. The outer box is not labeled or labeling is not clear, be sure to open the box inspection. Goods batch number check verification.
③ Fixing (playing shrink wrap).
④ Attach the storage space label (or bar code).
⑤Shelf.
(2) unpacking into the warehouse
unpacking into the warehouse refers to the goods loaded in the sea container, in the warehouse receiving area unpacking, unloading to the pallet. Unpacking into the warehouse there are two kinds of:
① mechanical unpacking: the goods have been playing pallets or wooden boxes, you can use the stacker to drive directly into the container unloading.
② manual unpacking: the goods are loose stack, must be manually moved out piece by piece after stacking pallets.
2, storage and custody
After the end of the operation into the warehouse, the next is storage and custody.
(1) storage
In the storage area, the full pallet loaded items are assigned to a predetermined pallet location. In this regard, there are two common methods of allocating pallet positions, namely variable pallet positions and fixed pallet positions.
A variable palletizing system, also known as dynamic positioning, allows products to change location each time a new shipment arrives in order to facilitate efficient use of warehouse space. A fixed slotting system, on the other hand, assigns each product a permanent location within the selection area. As long as the flow of product movement remains at the same level, the stored items always remain in this position. If the flow of products increases or decreases, it is possible to reallocate the location of the stored items. Generally speaking, a fixed-position arrangement is superior to a variable-position because it provides just-in-time positioning of an item. However, since the availability of computer-controlled warehouse positioning systems, this is no longer a problem. However, regardless of which positioning system is used, every inwardly oriented storage item should be assigned a starting location.
(2) storage
Distribution centers should first consider the time and efficiency of entry and exit, and therefore focus more on the convenience of picking and handling, the storage method must be coordinated with it. Storage center in and out of the lower frequency, should pay attention to storage, and therefore the first to consider the storage mode.
① storage mode
storage mode has the following five types:
Ground level: the storage of goods directly stacked on the ground.
Pallet flat type: the custody of the items directly on the pallet, and then the pallet flat on the ground.
Direct stacking: the goods are stacked directly on the ground.
Pallet stacking type: the goods are stacked directly on the pallet, and then the pallet is placed on the ground.
Shelf storage type: the goods are placed directly on the shelves.
② general principles of storage
channel-oriented storage. In order to make the goods in and out of the warehouse is convenient, easy to move in the warehouse, the basic condition is to store the goods facing the aisle.
As far as possible to the high yard to improve the efficiency of storage. Effective use of the library volume should be placed as high as possible, in order to prevent damage, to ensure safety, should be used as far as possible, such as scaffolding storage equipment.
According to the frequency of selected location. Shipping and receiving high frequency items should be placed close to the entrance and exit, easy to work in place; poor mobility of the items placed in the distance from the entrance and exit of the place a little farther; seasonal items according to its seasonal characteristics to select the place to place.
The same species in the same place to keep. In order to improve operational efficiency and storage efficiency of the same items or similar items should be placed in the same place to store, the staff of the library items placed in the location of the degree of familiarity directly affects the time in and out of the library, the similar items in the vicinity of the place is also an important way to improve efficiency.
According to the weight of the items to arrange the location of custody. When arranging the placement of the place, of course, the heavy things on the bottom, the light things on the shelves of the upper side. Large items that need to be handled manually are based on waist height. This is an important principle for improving efficiency and ensuring safety.
According to the shape of the arrangement of storage methods. According to the shape of the goods to store is also very important, such as standardized goods should be placed on the pallet or shelf to store.
In addition to some of the above issues, storage should also be temperature and humidity management, dust, odor, insects, rodents, anti-theft and other issues.
3, shipping
In the warehousing process, the receipt of the shipping order will occur in two different ways: according to the single picking, ready to shipment acceptance; depending on the situation, picking, ready to change the packaging or simple processing.
(1) replenishment (total picking).
The biggest difference between replenishment and picking is the nature of the work and the tools used are different. Replenishment of the tools is a stacker (elevator), picking with the picking truck (Picking Cart), picking trucks are not capable of lifting the plane of the forklift. Large warehouses used picking trucks are mostly power-operated to save the physical strength of the picker.
Replenishment of the nature of the work of the main categories ready to ship from the shelves, placed in the picking area or the bottom of the shelves (this replenishment is mainly in the warehouse area is limited) in order to facilitate the picker picking (picking position in the category storage shelves on the ground floor or picking area). The replenishment clerk works mostly after receiving the next day's (or next time's) shipping order, and prepares the next day's or next time's shipping order. If you are in a warehouse that operates on a time-separated basis, this work period is usually staggered with the receiving time, so the replenishment work is mostly done by both unloaders and stockers.
The documents for replenishment are mainly summarized from customer orders. Warehouse managers must be aware of the scope of the order details covered by the replenishment list, especially in the logistics center to face a few different customer groups, or the customer groups order deadline is different or overlap the situation, especially pay attention to do not make mistakes.
In the case of frequent inbound and outbound shipments, whether it is picking or seed picking, the work of the replenishment clerk is indispensable to the preparation work in advance. But the details of replenishment have to do with how the picking is done. Some picking area space is limited, when the shipment is large, the replenishment of the replenishment of the staff should be depending on the site conditions of mobile replenishment, so as to avoid the interruption of the picking.
⑵ Picking
The principle of picking: most of the requirements are in accordance with the date of entry? First in first out? (FIFO) principle. However, if the requirements of the batch number operation of FIFO, the time of FIFO should be placed in the second place, the same batch number of products in accordance with the principle of FIFO.
The way of picking, according to the degree of automation can be divided into automation (such as electronic label picking, RF picking, IC card picking), semi-automation and manual mode three. We here will picking is divided into fruit picking and seeding type two.
Fruit picking
Subject to the shipping order, each picker in accordance with the order of categories or storage position order for the moving line, to each category of storage position of the lower picking area picking the shipping order within the number of categories stacked on the pallet, and then continue to pick the next category, has been to the end of the shipping order, will pick the goods and the shipping order placed in the waiting area of the designated location by the shipment inspector Take over.
Seeding
Seeding picking principle and picking completely different, in addition to a single shipping order, but also need to have the total number of each category.
V. Warehouse and warehouse equipmentWarehouse in the logistics system is the main place to bear the function of storage, is the logistics network to storage as the main function of the node. In logistics, the warehouse generally refers to the warehouse, yard and other facilities, installations for labor means of commodities, goods, materials for the receipt of goods, sorting, storage, custody and distribution of the work of the place. There are several classifications of warehouses: ① storage center type warehouse. This type of storage-oriented warehouse. Specializing in long-term storage of various reserve materials, such as strategic materials, seasonal materials, supplies, circulation regulation of reserve materials. ② distribution center (circulation center) type warehouse. This type of warehouse has the function of delivery, distribution and circulation processing. As a logistics service node, its business scope includes picking, distribution, inspection, classification and other operations, and has a variety of small batches, multiple batches, such as the receipt of distribution functions, as well as additional labels, repackaging and other circulation processing functions. Processing warehouse. Circulation processing as the main purpose of the warehouse is called processing warehouse. General processing warehouse is a set of processing plants and warehouses of the two functions of the commodity processing business and warehousing business together. ④Logistics center type warehouse. These are storage, delivery, distribution, circulation and processing functions of the warehouse, is the highest form of modern logistics warehouse.
Warehouse in addition to the main building (warehouse, shed, yard), warehousing business requires all the technical devices and equipment, collectively referred to as warehouse facilities or equipment. Various types of warehouse facilities or equipment, warehouse management is an indispensable material and technical basis. Warehouse facilities and equipment include the following categories: loading and unloading equipment, storage equipment, measuring equipment, maintenance and inspection equipment, ventilation and lighting equipment, safety equipment, shelves and other supplies and tools.
1, loading and unloading handling equipment
Loading and unloading stacking equipment: it includes various types of cranes, cranes, forklifts, stackers, etc.; handling and transmission equipment: including a variety of carts, battery-powered vehicles, combustion-engine trucks, trailers, delivery trucks, various types of planes and vertical transmission devices.
2, storage equipment
Thatch supplies: mainly including thatch, pad stacking supplies. Inventory appliances: including a variety of shelves, cabinets and so on.
3, measuring equipment
Measuring equipment is the measurement of goods in and out of the library, points, as well as in the library inventory, inspection of metric equipment often used. From the perspective of measurement methods can be divided into: weight measurement equipment, including a variety of scales, underground and orbital weighing, electronic scales, etc.; fluid volume measurement equipment, including flow meters, liquid level meters; length measurement equipment, including measuring tape, automatic length measurement instrument, etc.; a number of measurement devices, such as automatic counters and automatic counting display devices, etc.; and a comprehensive multifunctional measurement equipment, etc..
4, maintenance and inspection equipment
This equipment is the acceptance of goods into the warehouse and in the warehouse maintenance, testing, laboratory, as well as to prevent the deterioration of commodities, failure of a series of machines, instruments, meters and other technical equipment. Mainly moisture meter, infrared devices, air conditioners and testing, laboratory use of some of the instruments and tools.
5, ventilation, lighting, warming equipment.
6, safety equipment
Including the necessary equipment to protect fire safety and labor safety, for example, a variety of alarms, fire extinguishing equipment, labor protection supplies.
7, shelves Specialized for the storage of pieces of storage equipment.
8, other supplies and tools
This is a miscellaneous tools, supplies, such as small balers, labeling printers, automatic sorting machines, liquid dispensers, balers and so on.
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