Domestic sewage is the wastewater discharged in the daily life of residents, mainly from residential buildings and public **** buildings, such as homes, institutions, schools, hospitals, stores, public **** places and industrial enterprises, such as restrooms. The pollutants contained in domestic sewage are mainly organic matter (such as proteins, carbohydrates, fats, urea, ammonia, etc.) and a large number of pathogenic microorganisms (such as parasitic eggs and intestinal infectious diseases, etc.). Organic matter present in domestic wastewater is extremely unstable and is easily corrupted to produce a foul odor. Bacteria and pathogens to domestic sewage organic matter as nutrients and a large number of breeding, can lead to the spread of infectious diseases. Therefore, domestic sewage must be treated before discharge.
Basic introduction Chinese name : domestic sewage Foreign name : domestic sewage, domestic wastewater? Set of scope : urban sewage treatment Composition : feces and washing sewage sewage hazards, sewage treatment, treatment of difficult problems, difficult to crack, treatment equipment, treatment processes, treatment processes, industry development, sewage hazards, Pathogens Pollution mainly from urban sewage, hospital sewage, garbage and ground runoff. Pathogenic microorganisms are characterized by: ① large number; ② wide distribution; ③ long survival time; ④ fast reproduction; ⑤ easy to produce resistance, it is difficult to eliminate; ⑥ traditional secondary biochemical sewage treatment and chlorination disinfection, some pathogenic microorganisms, viruses can still be a large number of survivors; such pollutants actually enter the human body through a variety of ways, and in the body to survive, causing human disease. Aerobic Organic Pollution Organic *** with the same characteristics of these substances directly into the water column, through the biochemical role of microorganisms and decomposition of carbon dioxide and water as a simple inorganic substances, in the process of decomposition needs to consume dissolved oxygen in the water, in the absence of oxygen under the conditions of the pollutants on the corruption of decomposition, deterioration of water quality, often referred to as aerobic organic matter. The more oxygen-demanding organic matter in the water body, the more oxygen consumption, the worse the water quality, indicating that the more serious water pollution. eutrophication pollution is a kind of nitrogen, phosphorus and other plant nutrient content caused by excessive water pollution phenomenon. Eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems can occur through chemical pollutants by two routes: one is through an increase in the amount of inorganic nutrients that normally qualify plants; the other is through an increase in organic matter as decomposers. Bad odors Bad odors are a widespread pollution hazard that also occurs in polluted water bodies. People can smell as many as 4000 kinds of malodors, and there are dozens of harmful ones. The harm of malodor is manifested as follows: ① impede normal respiratory function, so that the digestive function is reduced; mental agitation, work efficiency is reduced, judgment, memory is reduced; long-term work and life in a malodorous environment will cause olfactory impairment, damage to the central nervous system, the cerebral cortex of the excitatory and regulatory functions; ② some aquatic products stained with the stench of the inability to eat, sell; ③ malodorous water can not be used for swimming, fish farming, drinking, and Destroy the use and value of water; ④ can also produce hydrogen sulfide, formaldehyde and other toxic hazards. acid, alkali, salt pollution acid, alkali pollution to change the pH of the water body, destroying its buffer effect, destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganisms, hindering the self-purification of the water body, but also corrosion of bridges, ships, fishing gear. Acid and alkali often enter the same water body at the same time, after neutralization can produce certain salts, from the pH point of view, acid and alkali pollution due to neutralization and self-purification, but produces a variety of salts, but also became a new pollutant in the water body. Because the increase of inorganic salts can increase the osmotic pressure of water, freshwater organisms, plant growth has a negative impact, in salinized areas, surface water, groundwater salt will further jeopardize the quality of soil. Elevated groundwater hardness high hardness water, especially the permanent hardness of water hazards manifested in many ways: hard to drink; can cause digestive disorders, diarrhea, abortion of pregnant animals; inconvenience to people day-to-day; energy consumption; affect the kettle, the boiler life; boiler water fouling, easy to cause explosions; need to soften, purify the treatment of acid, alkali, salt loss to the environment and will cause Groundwater hardness increases, forming a vicious circle. Toxic pollution Toxic pollution is a particularly important category of water pollution, there are many types, but **** the same characteristics of the biological organisms of the toxic hazards. Sewage treatment Recent and future China's sewage treatment industry development progress late, since the founding of the country to the reform and opening up, China's sewage treatment needs are mainly industrial and national defense cutting-edge use of the main. After the reform and opening up, the rapid development of the national economy, the people's living standards improved significantly, pulling the demand for sewage treatment. After entering the 1990s, China's sewage treatment industry entered a period of rapid development, the growth rate of sewage treatment demand is much higher than the global level. Since 1990, the global apparent consumption of sewage treatment to an average annual growth rate of 6%, while the decade of the nineties, China's apparent consumption of sewage treatment average annual growth rate of 17.73%, is the world's average annual growth rate of 2.9 times. Into the twenty-first century, China's sewage treatment industry is growing at a high rate. 2000-2004, China's sewage consumption grew from 1.88 million tons to 4.47 million tons, an increase of 2.3 times the average annual growth rate of 27% or more. Among them, in 2001, China's apparent consumption of sewage treatment reached 2.25 million tons, surpassing the United States to become the world's first major consumer of sewage treatment. At the same time, sewage imports also increased significantly. 1998, China's sewage imports of 1 million tons, thus becoming the world's largest importer of sewage treatment. 2004 and 1998 than, sewage imports increased at an average annual rate of 27.14%. It is expected that in 2005, China's apparent consumption of sewage treatment will reach 5 million tons, imports will remain at about 3 million tons. Accompanied by the rapid development of the sewage treatment market, China's sewage treatment production also ended a long period of hovering situation, to achieve a high rate of growth. China's sewage treatment production from 460,000 tons in 2000 grew to 2.36 million tons in 2004, an average annual growth rate of 82.6%, accounting for the proportion of the domestic market demand also increased from 24.47% in 2000 to 52.80% in 2004. During the same period, the world's sewage treatment production is only about 6% growth rate. From the late nineties, China's TISCO, Baosteel and Baoxin, Zhang Pu and other state-owned and joint venture enterprises through the introduction and technological transformation, has built a series of sewage treatment production lines, sewage treatment process technology and equipment to reach the international advanced level, sewage treatment production has taken shape. Sewage treatment varieties of structure has also undergone positive changes, sewage treatment product quality has improved rapidly. In particular, the domestic sewage treatment of cold rolled plate growth, in 2003, the domestic cold rolled plate production reached 1.7 million tons, for the first time more than the amount of imports, the self-sufficiency rate of 66%; in 2004, the domestic production of cold rolled plate reached 2 million tons, the self-sufficiency rate of more than 70%. From the end of 2004 to the end of 2005, the domestic cold-rolled sewage treatment capacity will increase about 1.5 million tons, basically meet the domestic market demand. By 2007, China will become a net exporter of sewage treatment. From a general point of view, China's sewage treatment is experiencing from the small scale, low level, single species, seriously unable to meet the demand for a considerable scale and level, the quality of species significantly improve and initially meet the requirements of the national economic development of the profound transformation of the sewage treatment needs will gradually realize self-sufficiency. Handling problems (difficult a) population increase, sewage increase in our country, with the increase in urban population and the development of industrial and agricultural production, sewage discharge is also increasing the amount of water pollution is quite serious, and almost all over the country. By the end of 2000, the country set up a city of 663 cities in 310 built sewage treatment facilities, the construction of sewage treatment plant 427, the annual sewage treatment volume of 11.36 billion cubic meters, sewage treatment rate of only 34.23%. (Difficulties two) to accelerate the development of the urgent need for funding in the socialist market economy, sewage treatment is from a certain amount of capital investment to start. The scale of sewage treatment funds determine the scale of sewage treatment. Sewage treatment funds itself determines the speed of development of sewage treatment and sewage treatment technology progress. The reality of sewage treatment, technologically advanced, low treatment cost decision-making program is usually a large amount of prepaid funds. In this sense, the faster the development of the funds themselves, the faster the progress of sewage treatment technology and set of sewage treatment can be faster, sewage treatment can also be faster. (Difficulty three) treatment funds, the source of the difficulty 1, China's urban sewage treatment capital source of the difficulty for a long time, China's urban sewage treatment facilities to take the free use of the policy, not only the expansion of reproduction by the financial investment, simple reproduction also need financial allocations in order to complete the financial allocation has thus become the source of investment in sewage treatment facilities maintenance and construction The financial allocation thus became the source of investment in the maintenance and construction of sewage treatment facilities. Just in different periods, the name of the source is different, but are centered on the financial cycle of funds. The economic system reform, denied our country's traditional big unification "financial model, denied the state as the identity of the production operator, also denied the identity of the owner of the means of production and the exercise of power unity, the requirements of the government and enterprises, the separation of government and capital. In line with this, under the premise of unified finance with the state as the main body, China's finance is divided into two parts: public finance and state-owned assets management. Public **** finance is to the exercise of power in the capacity of the state, mainly in the form of taxes to raise funds to solve the market allocation of resources can not solve the problem, to meet the needs of the public ****. Urban sewage treatment is public welfare, sewage treatment funds financial allocation should be public **** financial expenditure. Because of China's socialist market economic system reform is still deepening, the proportion of public **** financial income accounted for the proportion of GDP, the central public **** financial income accounted for the proportion of public **** financial income is not reasonable, urban sewage treatment funds are difficult to like the United States and other developed countries, which is the vast majority of which come from the financial allocations or loans. 2, sewage treatment borrowed funds where the difficulty of urban sewage treatment funds demand is huge, bank loans is an important source of sewage treatment funds. Bank loans are divided into commercial bank loans and national development bank loans. Commercial bank funds for residents and enterprise deposits, most of the short-term funds, although some medium- and long-term loans, but the proportion should not be too large; commercial banks require security, liquidity and profitability of the "three" unity, and the use of sewage funds and back to the flow of funds is difficult to use with the commercial bank funds, "three" match The utilization and return of sewage funds are difficult to match with the "three characteristics" of commercial bank funds. Therefore, it is difficult for commercial banks to lend money to sewage treatment projects. Difficulties crack (crack method a) increase the financial allocation part of the urban sewage treatment funds, in a socialist market economy, but also by the *** to give the necessary subsidies, for various reasons. Mainly: 1, sewage treatment is generally less price elasticity of demand and *** "monopoly" operation, its charges must consider the affordability of the residents, and can not rely on competitive prices to completely solve the problem of facilities construction and enterprise development. 2, sewage treatment services provided by the public ****, many facilities are difficult to calculate the use of the charges for its services can not be directly into the market to implement the exchange of equal prices, and can only become a public **** consumption, but also to the public ****. And can only become part of the public **** consumption. 3, sewage treatment services provided by a wide range of social and external economy, to measure the benefits of its investment, first of all, social benefits. National financial allocations for urban sewage treatment, in our country there are mainly capital construction arrangements for investment, the central financial allocation of special funds and local financial allocations. Capital construction arrangements for investment, the state budget and local self-financing two kinds. The state budget for capital investment by the central *** determine the amount of the Ministry of Finance to the State Planning Commission unified arrangement. Local self-financing capital investment, is in the amount specified by the state by the local self-financing arrangements for investment. Central and local financial allocations, one is based on the needs of the financial yearly allocation of a certain amount of money as a special fund for sewage treatment; another is a fixed amount of subsidies according to the project, the project is completed, the subsidy stops. (crack method two) to increase the intensity of self-financing enterprises in the conditions of the market economy, sewage treatment only in its construction and business activities in its value into the return of funds week after week, in order to realize the reproduction of sewage treatment. According to the requirements of the law of value, sewage treatment inputs and outputs rationalized to the new order of the market economy, is to accelerate China's urban sewage treatment objective requirements. Sewage treatment charges, should not be a temporary financing measures, but the realization of sewage treatment funds to compensate for the market-oriented approach, but also to regulate the rational use of sewage treatment facilities an economic means. Sewage treatment of self-financing, in the socialist market economy, in accordance with the law of value to develop sewage charges, in accordance with state regulations from the operating income to extract production development fund, fixed asset depreciation fund and major repair fund. Sewage treatment units not only rely on their own strength to complete the simple reproduction and expansion of reproduction, but also to pay taxes and fees to the state. For this reason, the reasonable charges for sewage treatment must be based on reasonable costs and reasonable profit margins. Reasonable cost of sewage charges, generally should include production costs, operating expenses, depreciation of fixed assets, overhaul base, loan interest, etc.. Among them, the depreciation of fixed assets should have the appropriate depreciation rate, to change the depreciation life is too long, the depreciation rate of low practice, so as to avoid the enterprise's clear profit and loss. Reasonable profit rate of sewage charges, means that the approved profit rate should take into account both the reasonable welfare of the enterprise and the necessary accumulation, but also take into account the sewage charges demand elasticity is small, strong social service characteristics, to prevent the use of its monopoly to pursue excessive profits. In order to prevent the monopoly imposed on the users of the burden, *** can be administrative and economic means to the operator to limit the possible profits not to exceed the average profit of society as a whole. (crack method three) trial preferred stock issuance The experience of market economy countries shows that the issuance of preferred stock to absorb domestic and foreign private capital for urban sewage treatment, not only to meet the huge demand for sewage treatment funds, but also not to lose the control of *** on the sewage treatment project. Preferred stock is relative to common stock. The benefits of investing in common stocks include higher investment returns than those of other similar securities, strong liquidity in the stock exchange market, and fair trading. Preferred stock is a stock that has certain priority over common stock, mainly the right to receive dividends and the company's residual property. The biggest advantage of preferred stock is that it has stable earnings and less risk than common stock. However, when the joint-stock company's business performance is outstanding and its operating profit surges, the income enjoyed by preferred shares will not increase, while the income of common shares can increase with the company's operating efficiency. From this point of view, preferred shares are less developmental and aggressive than common shares. According to the current practice in China, stocks are divided into national, corporate, individual and foreign shares according to the different status of investors, and there is no division between preferred shares and common shares. There is no concept of preferred shares in China's Company Law and no corresponding provisions have been made. This is because our country's shareholding enterprises are from the planning economic system of enterprise transformation, and thus with all the traces of history, become the historical legacy of the problem is to be further explored and resolved in the reform. From the actual starting point of urban sewage treatment, we can carry out the exploration of sewage treatment stock issuance. This will be the existing sewage treatment enterprises to carry out shareholding system transformation, to domestic and foreign private capital issued part of the preferred stock, or part of the state-owned shares in the form of preferred shares transferred to private capital, the funds raised by the sewage treatment enterprises for sewage treatment. This approach has a higher likelihood of successful capital raising because it is based on the development performance of the existing enterprise and the performance of the revamped enterprise continues to grow. Treatment equipment Used to remove solid suspended solids, grease, colloidal matter and other impurities in industrial and municipal wastewater, with the help of chemical flocculants, can minimize the by-products produced in the wastewater can also be recycled and reused in the paper industry, the machine is used in the paper machine white water and the middle section of the wastewater, such as deinking wastewater, on the one hand, can be recycled fibers, on the other hand, can be used to make the treated wastewater again. Thus the pressure on environmental protection is greatly reduced. The product is designed in accordance with the popular prototype of the United States in the nineties, with advanced technology and simple structure, and is the most advanced sewage treatment equipment in China. Processing flow With the improvement of people's living standards, the discharge of domestic sewage is becoming more and more serious. In this form, the domestic sewage treatment process is also constantly improving, the following we come to understand the latest sewage treatment process. Aerated Biofilter Sewage Treatment Process Introduction: Aerated Biofilter, that is, in the biofilter treatment device is set in the filler, through the artificial supply of oxygen, so that a large number of micro-organisms grow on the filler. This sewage treatment process flow device consists of a filter bed, gas distribution device, water distribution device, drainage device and other components. The aeration device adopts matching special aeration head, and the small and medium-sized bubbles produced are repeatedly cut by the packing to achieve the effect of close to micro-controlled aeration. Due to the high concentration of sludge in the reaction tank, the treatment facilities are compact, which can greatly save floor space and reduce the reaction time. SBR phosphorus removal process Sewage treatment process introduction: the main reason for eutrophication of water bodies is that human beings discharged into the water body a large amount of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus, phosphorus is the most important factor in the eutrophication of water bodies. Throughout the domestic sewage treatment process technology, phosphorus removal technology has been a problem for the operation of sewage treatment plants. Traditional physical phosphorus removal technology requires a large number of chemicals, with high operating costs, sludge production shortcomings; front anaerobic biological phosphorus removal process has the advantage of low operating costs, but because of the complete dependence on microbial phosphorus uptake, phosphorus release, it is difficult to meet the requirements of the national wastewater treatment process. When considering water reuse, it is more difficult to meet the requirements. A/O biofilter sewage treatment process: due to the scattered settlements in small towns in China, the distribution of sewage sources more than a small amount of town-level sewage plant scale is less than 10,000 tons / day. Domestic large and medium-sized urban sewage treatment plants often used in sewage treatment processes are traditional activated sludge, A2 / O, SBR, oxidation ditch, etc., if the construction of small towns with these technologies will result in small towns will result in sewage treatment plant due to high operating costs, can not operate normally. Must be used for the characteristics of small town investment, low operating costs, stable and reliable technology, operation and management of relatively simple process. Treatment process Enhanced biological phosphorus sewage treatment process, China's major rivers and lakes due to phosphorus pollution, eutrophication is serious, the State Environmental Protection Administration for the control and reduction of phosphorus pollution, phosphorus emissions have developed a more stringent standards. Chemical-enhanced biological phosphorus removal sewage treatment process to remove organic pollutants and various forms of phosphorus in sewage, this sewage treatment process integrates chemical phosphorus removal and biological phosphorus removal, through anaerobic digestion of activated sludge in the biological system produces volatile organic acids as a substrate for the growth of polyphosphorus bacteria or called nutrients, so that the polyphosphorus bacteria in the activated sludge to selectively proliferate, and back to the biological system, so that the biological wastewater treatment system work in the state of high efficiency phosphorus removal; at the same time sludge in anaerobic conditions produce phosphorus release, eliminated by chemical phosphorus removal. This is a high-efficiency municipal wastewater treatment process technology, to meet the current stage of China, in order to solve the eutrophication of water bodies, the need for further phosphorus removal on the basis of conventional secondary sewage treatment requirements. Circulation intermittent aeration China's economic development level varies greatly from place to place, the economic development of lagging cities can not come up with a lot of money for sewage treatment, so how to use the limited funds to reduce environmental pollution is a lot of cities *** face the problem. In terms of sewage treatment, until recently, some cities still use a level or a level of enhanced treatment technology, the effluent does not meet the national secondary emission standards for the removal of organic pollutants requirements. Cyclic intermittent aeration process to give full play to the advantages of high load oxidation ditch treatment efficiency, and make full use of sequential batch activated sludge wastewater treatment process of good water characteristics, to ensure that the system effluent to meet the national sewage discharge standards in the first level of organic pollutants in addition to the requirements of the requirements. In the investment and operating costs than usually to remove organic pollutants mainly in the secondary biological sewage treatment system to reduce about 30%, is suitable for China's current stage of sewage treatment requirements of the technology. Rotary contact oxidation rotary contact oxidation sewage treatment process technology is based on biological turntable technology, combined with the advantages of biological contact oxidation technology developed a new generation of aerobic biofilm treatment technology. Rotary contact oxidation sewage treatment process technology and complete sets of equipment provides a simple and reliable sewage treatment method. The rotating shaft is the rotating part of the whole sewage treatment system, and once the machine breaks down, the general machine personnel can repair it. The system biomass automatically compensates for changes in organic load. The microorganisms attached to the rotor are alive, and when the organic matter in the sewage increases, the microorganisms increase with it, and conversely, when the organic matter in the sewage decreases, the microorganisms decrease with it. So the working effect of this wastewater treatment system is not easily affected by sudden changes in flow and load and power outages. Operating costs are low, only one-eighth to one-third of the power consumption of other aeration wastewater treatment systems. The footprint is only half that of conventional activated sludge. Due to the wide variety of microorganisms growing in the biological system, it can efficiently treat a variety of difficult to degrade industrial wastewater. Continuous Cycle Aeration The CCAS process, or Continuous Cycle Aeration System, is a continuous-feed SBR aeration system. This process is in the SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor, sequencing batch treatment method) based on the improvement of the SBR process as early as 1914, the research and development of success, but due to manual operation and management is too cumbersome, backward means of monitoring and easy to block the aerator and other issues and difficult to promote the use of large-scale wastewater treatment plants, etc. The SBR process was once generally recognized as suitable for small-scale wastewater treatment plants. Small-scale sewage treatment plant. Into the 60's, automatic control technology and monitoring technology has developed rapidly, the new non-clogging microporous aerator has also been successfully developed for the widespread use of intermittent treatment method to create the conditions. 1968 Australia's University of New South Wales and the United States of America ABJ company developed the "use of intermittent reactor system of continuous water intake, cycle of water discharge, time-delayed aeration aerobic activated sludge process". In 1986, the U.S. National Environmental Protection Agency formally recognized the CCAS process belongs to the innovative alternative technology (I/A), becoming the most advanced computer-controlled biological phosphorus removal, denitrogenation treatment process. CCAS process for sewage pretreatment requirements are not high, only a gap of 15mm mechanical grating and sand sedimentation tank. The core of biological treatment is CCAS reaction pool, phosphorus removal, denitrification, degradation of organic matter and suspended solids and other functions are completed in the pool, the effluent can meet the discharge standards. The pre-treated sewage continuously enters the pre-reaction tank in front of the reaction tank, in which most of the soluble BOD in the sewage is adsorbed by the activated sludge microorganisms and enters into the reaction area at a low flow rate (0.03-0.05m/min) through the holes in the lower part of the partition wall of the main and pre-reaction areas together. In the main reaction area in accordance with the "aeration (Aeration), idle (Idle), precipitation (Settle), drainage (Decant)" program cycle operation, so that the sewage in the "aerobic - anoxic" repeated to complete the decarbonization, denitrification, and in the "aerobic - anoxic" repeatedly. and phosphorus removal in the "aerobic - anaerobic" repeatedly. The time of each process and the operation of the corresponding equipment are pre-programmed, and can be adjusted by the program, the computer centralized self-control. SPR treatment SPR sewage treatment system firstly adopts the chemical method to make the dissolved state pollutants precipitated from the real solution state, forming the solid-phase interface with the gum particles or tiny suspended particles; the selection of high-efficiency and economic adsorbent will be organic pollutants, color and so on from the sewage separation; and then use the microscopic physical adsorption method will be all kinds of sewage gum and suspended particles. Then use microscopic physical adsorption method to coagulate the various kinds of colloidal particles and suspended particles in the sewage into large dense flocs; and then rely on the principles of hydrodynamics such as cyclone and filtration hydrodynamics, the flocs and the water in the self-designed SPR high turbidity wastewater purification device to quickly separate; the clear water through the tank after the formation of a dense layer of suspended mud filtration to achieve the level of tertiary treatment, the effluent to achieve the reuse of the water; the sludge in the thickener room is highly concentrated, and discharged periodically by the pressure, due to the sludge low moisture content, and good dewatering performance. The sludge is highly concentrated in the thickening chamber and discharged regularly under pressure. Due to the low water content of the sludge and the good performance of dewatering, it can be directly sent to the mechanical dewatering device, and the sludge cake after dewatering can be used to make sidewalk tiles, which eliminates the secondary pollution. Industry development China's water resources per capita possession of small, uneven spatial distribution. With the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization in China, the demand for water resources is increasing. In this context, the sewage treatment industry has become a new industry, and water production, water supply, drainage, water reuse industry in the same important position. As of October 2008, the country's cities, counties and some key towns*** built 1459 sewage treatment plants, the daily treatment capacity of 85.53 million tons (36 large cities*** built 288, the daily treatment capacity of 34.97 million tons), respectively, compared with the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" at the end of an increase of 60.5% and 42.6%, the national municipal sewage treatment rate has increased from 52% in 2005 to 63% in 2007; in the construction of urban sewage treatment projects 1,033, the design capacity of about 35.95 million tons per day. 2008 January to October, the country has been put into operation in the urban sewage treatment plant cumulative sewage treatment of 19 billion tons, the operating load rate of 76%, an increase of 21% and about 3 percentage points. 21% and about 3 percentage points. Although China's wastewater treatment industry is growing rapidly due to the increasing attention paid to environmental protection by the state and at all levels ***, the total amount of wastewater treated is increasing year by year, and the rate of urban wastewater treatment is improving. However, China's wastewater treatment industry was still in the primary stage of development by 2013. On the one hand, China's sewage treatment capacity by 2013 could not keep up with the rapid expansion of water use, and the construction of pipeline networks, sludge treatment and other supporting facilities was seriously lagging behind. On the other hand, China's wastewater treatment rate is still significantly different from that of developed countries, and the loading rate of treatment facilities is low. Therefore, China should improve the policies and regulations on sewage treatment, establish a regulatory system, create a reasonable sewage treatment fee system, foster the development of domestic environmental protection industry, and promote the industrialization and marketization of the sewage treatment industry. Sewage treatment industry is a sunrise industry, the development prospect is very broad. China will invest 300 billion yuan in the "Eleventh Five-Year" period to promote urban sewage treatment and utilization, China's sewage industry ushered in a period of rapid development. Guangzhou City, sewage charges After the convening of sewage charges adjusted price hearings, reported to the city *** agreed to the reform of urban sewage treatment charges in Guangzhou City, determined down. Residents living class sewage to implement ladder-type metering charges, ladder-type water measurement and Guangzhou tap water (residential water) ladder-type metering linked. Specifically: the first level of water volume base for family households within 22 tons of monthly water consumption (including 22 tons), at 0.9 yuan / ton sewage charges; the second level of water volume base for 22 tons to 30 tons (including 30 tons) part of the 1.2 yuan / ton sewage charges; the third level of water volume base for more than 30 tons of part of the 1.5 yuan / ton sewage charges.