Hall sensors are widely used in detection technology, information processing technology, industrial automation technology, etc., such as current detection, gear speed detection, motion and proximity detection, etc. It can be said that Hall sensors are closely related to our daily lives. Hall sensors are found in cars, computers, and mobile phones.
To understand the working principle of the Hall sensor, you must first understand what the Hall effect is. When American physicist Hall studied the conductive mechanism of metal in 1879, he discovered that under the action of magnetic field force, the output voltage of metal is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field. This phenomenon is called the Hall effect. It was later discovered that this effect also exists in energized semiconductors, and the Hall effect in semiconductors is much stronger than that in metals.
In short, a Hall sensor is a transducer that converts changing magnetic fields into changes in output voltage. Its usage can be roughly divided into three types:
(1). A method of causing a certain current to flow through the Hall sensor in advance to detect the magnetic field or other physical quantities converted into a magnetic field.
(2) A method that uses the current and magnetic field of the component and the multiplication of the two quantities as its variables.
(3) Using non-reciprocity (that is, in a certain magnetic field, when a current in the same direction as the output obtained when a current is passed through the input terminal flows through the output terminal, the input terminal will produce the same voltage as the original The phenomenon of Hall voltage in the opposite direction of voltage) method?.
For example, Hall sensors are used in position measurement, rotation measurement, current measurement, proximity switch and Hall multiplier, etc.
According to the nature of the object being detected, Hall sensors can be divided into direct applications and indirect applications. Direct application is to directly detect the magnetic field of the measured object; indirect application is to use a set magnetic field as the carrier of the detected object information to convert non-electromagnetic quantities such as pressure, displacement, speed, angular velocity, rotation speed, angle, and number of revolutions into power to detect and control.
The advantages of Hall sensors are:
1. Small size, light weight and solid structure;
2. Long life, low consumption and easy installation;
3. Resistant to vibration, pollution, and corrosion;
4. Wide measurement range: can measure current and voltage of arbitrary waveforms;
5. Measurement High precision and fast response speed;
6. Working frequency bandwidth and good linearity;
7. Strong overload capability and large measurement range: it can measure dozens of amps to tens of thousands of amps of current.
It is precisely because of these advantages of Hall sensors that they can be widely used in variable frequency speed control devices, CNC machine tools, microcomputer monitoring systems, power grid monitoring systems and various fields that require isolation and detection of current and voltage.
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