A, multiple-choice questions (multiple-choice questions, each question 1 point, ***30 points)
1. Food inspection is an important measure to ensure food safety, and the following are not indicators of food safety inspection ().
A, the content of sulfur dioxide b, the content of protein
C, nitrite content d, melamine content
2. Melamine is called "the essence of protein". When it is hydrolyzed by strong acid or strong alkali aqueous solution, amino groups are gradually replaced by hydroxyl groups, and finally cyanuric acid [C3N3(OH)3] is generated. Cyanuric acid [C3N3(OH)3] can be used to eliminate NO2 in automobile exhaust. The reaction principle is: C3N3 (OH) 33HNCO; 8HNCO+6NO27N2+8CO2+4H2O
The following statement is correct ().
A, C3N3(OH)3 and HNCO are the same substance. HNCO is a strong oxidant.
C, 1 mol NO2 transferred 4 mol D electrons in the reaction, and NO2 was the reducing agent in the reaction.
The gold medal of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games is gold inlaid with jade, with a diameter of 70 mm and a thickness of 6 mm. A chemical interest group made a guess about the composition of the metal in the gold medal: A thinks that the metal is pure gold; B thinks that metal is an alloy of gold and silver; C thinks that the metal is made of brass (copper-zinc alloy). In order to verify their guesses, a small amount of powder made of this gold medal is taken for experiments, and the following reagents are added to prove the correctness of the guesses of A, B and C, and the reagent should be ().
A, copper sulfate solution b, hydrochloric acid c, dilute nitric acid d and silver nitrate solution
4. In 2008, energy conservation and emission reduction will become the focus of the new government in China, so energy conservation and building new energy sources are a topic at present. In view of this phenomenon, a chemical research group put forward the following scheme. What you think is unscientific and unreasonable is ().
A, producing pollution-free hydrogen energy by electrolytic water method; b, perfecting the technology of producing gasoline by coal liquefaction.
C, develop and popularize methanol-fueled automobiles d, and further improve petroleum processing technology.
In recent years, scientists have developed a new type of bacterial fuel cell, which uses bacteria to convert organic matter into hydrogen, and hydrogen enters the fuel cell with phosphoric acid as electrolyte to generate electricity. The negative reaction of the battery is ().
a、H2+2OH-2H2O+2e B、O2+4H++4e2H2O
c、H22H++2e D、O2+2H2O+4e4OH-
In 2006, scientists invented a biofuel cell that can supply power for electronic devices. The battery includes two electrodes coated with enzymes, which are located in a glass jar filled with air and a small amount of hydrogen. Because the gas can be mixed, the expensive fuel isolation membrane is omitted, and its working principle is shown in the figure. The following statement is correct ().
A, the battery cathode is on the left.
B, the battery can be used in high temperature environment.
C, the negative reaction of the battery is H2-2e2H+
D, the positive reaction of the battery is O2+4e2O2-
7. The following statements about chemicals are incorrect.
A, the main component of commonly used detergent is surfactant.
B. Hair dyes include plant hair dyes, inorganic hair dyes and synthetic hair dyes.
C if you accidentally come into contact with dichlorvos or methamidophos, you'd better clean it with neutral soap.
D, organophosphorus pesticides are easier to decompose than organochlorine pesticides, and the residual time in the environment is shorter.
8. Every year during the National Day, Shanghai will hold a grand fireworks celebration. Colorful fireworks show the charm of some metal ions. The main raw materials of fireworks are black powder, as well as color developers such as sodium oxalate and copper carbonate (emitting green light) and additives such as potassium chlorate and magnesium aluminum metal powder. The following statement is correct ().
A. Copper carbonate gives off green light due to thermal decomposition. B, the main purpose of potassium chlorate is to produce purple fireworks.
C, magnesium and aluminum emit dazzling white light in fireworks D, the main components of black powder are charcoal and sulfur.
9. Chemistry is a central subject with strong practicality, and many problems in life often involve chemical knowledge. It brings convenience to economic development and people's life, but it also has negative effects. The following statement is incorrect.
Hypochloric acid and ozone are both strong oxidants, which can kill bacteria in water. Chlorine is commonly used in tap water disinfection, because chlorine has a better sterilization effect than ozone, and it will not leave toxic and harmful substances.
B, people use the principle of primary battery to make various batteries, such as dry batteries, rechargeable batteries, high-energy batteries, etc. Batteries have played an important role in modern production and science and technology, but waste batteries will do harm to the ecological environment and public health. So waste batteries must be recycled.
C. Alum is often used as a water purifier, but the human body absorbs a lot of aluminum salts, which is easy to produce "Alzheimer's disease", so alum cannot be used in large quantities.
D chlorofluorocarbon is an organic substance containing fluorine and chlorine, and it is an excellent refrigeration refrigerant. But it will destroy the ozone layer, and people are taking measures to reduce and gradually stop the production and use of hydrochlorofluorocarbons.
10. According to CCTV report, starting from 65438+ in February 2005, the closed promotion of ethanol gasoline for vehicles was carried out in 9 cities in Wuhan. Automobile ethanol gasoline is a new type of automobile fuel which is composed of denatured fuel ethanol and gasoline in a certain proportion. A number of test results show that it does not affect the driving performance of the car, but also reduces the emission of harmful gases. It has been widely used in the United States, Brazil and other countries. The following statement about ethanol gasoline is correct ().
First, ethanol gasoline is a pure substance.
B, ethanol gasoline as fuel will not produce harmful gases such as carbon oxides, and its advantage is that it can reduce environmental pollution.
C ethanol and gasoline can be used as solvents or can be mutually soluble.
D. Ethanol and ethylene glycol are homologous to each other.
1 1. British media reported on April 15, 2005 that triclosan, a disinfectant contained in Colgate toothpaste, will produce chloroform when it comes into contact with chlorinated tap water, which may lead to liver disease and even cancer. The structural formula of triclosan is known as follows. The relevant statement is correct ().
The molecular formula of a triclosan is C 12H6Cl3O2.
B, there are isomers of grosvenor.
Triclosan can react with sodium hydroxide solution.
Triclosan is soluble in water.
12.2008, the Shenzhou VII manned spacecraft was successfully launched, and the spacewalk was realized for the first time. This is a new milestone in the history of China's space flight, which indicates that China has taken another step of great historical significance on its journey to climb the world's scientific and technological peak. The following statement is correct ().
A, KMnO4 and Na2O2 can be used as oxygen supply substances for spacecraft.
B. As an important aerospace metal, titanium can be prepared by reducing titanium halide with sodium in industry.
C, spacecraft booster rocket coating is a kind of material with stable performance and not easy to decompose.
D, the "diaper" used by astronauts is made of a polymer material, which is pure.
13. Chemical knowledge is widely used in production and life. The following statement is incorrect ().
A, dip in vinegar when eating preserved eggs to remove the ammonia smell.
B, the main component of cotton and wood is cellulose, and the main component of silk and spider silk is protein.
C, can only use starch solution to test whether the salt is iodized salt.
D, liquid chlorine tank leakage, can be moved into the pool, and add quicklime to the pool.
14. In order to transport fry smoothly, three conditions must be met: ① an appropriate amount of oxygen must be maintained; (2) The carbon dioxide exhaled by the fry is eliminated in time; (3) Prevent the reproduction of bacteria. It is best to add a proper amount of the following substances to the water for long-distance transportation of fry.
A, sodium peroxide b, chlorine water c, calcium peroxide d and hydrogen peroxide
15. Most plants die in drought, because when the water in the cell disappears, the cell membrane will stick together, and when there is water, it cannot be recovered. During the period from1995 to1996, scientists discovered a plant in southern Africa, which withered when it lacked water and revived when it had water. The mystery is that there is a substance in the cell, which will form a glassy substance when the cell is extremely dehydrated. This substance is ().
A, phosphate B, ammonium salt C, potassium salt D, sugar
16. In order to keep the eggs fresh, you can coat the eggshell with a layer of sodium silicate solution, which uses sodium silicate ().
A, hydrolyzability b, oxidizability c, alkalinity d, reducibility
17. penicillin test needle uses its diluted solution (200 international units penicillin/ml). At present, 1 vial contains 200,000 international units of penicillin, 1.0 mL syringe (scale is 0. 1 mL), water for injection and several clean vials. Now suck 1.0 mL of water for injection and inject it into 1 bottle to dissolve penicillin. Suck 0. 1 ml solution and dilute it to 1.0 ml with water in the second vial. Suck 0. 1 ml and dilute it into 1.0 ml in the third vial. And ... in which vial is the concentration of penicillin 200 IU/ml?
a、3 B、4 C、5 D、6
18. The impurity in the raw salt is mainly magnesium chloride. In industry, raw salt is often crushed and soaked in saturated salt solution, and then the salt is filtered out. In this regard, the following statement is correct ().
A, before and after soaking, the content of MgCl2 in soaking salt is basically unchanged.
B, before and after soaking, the concentration of NaCl in salt water is completely unchanged.
C saturated salt solution for soaking and washing can be used indefinitely.
D, the size of crushed particles affects the content of magnesium chloride in the salt after soaking and washing.
19. Recently, foreign scientists placed a bar magnet in the center of the bottom of a rectangular tank, and the magnetic field intensity reached 4 Tesla. As a result, the water is pushed to the two walls until the magnets at the bottom of the water are exposed. This experiment explains the water molecules.
A and B with relatively small molecular weight are nonpolar molecule C and polar molecule D, and the intermolecular force is very weak.
20. Put a "cooked" fruit and a few "raw" fruits in a plastic bag and tie the bag tightly. Raw fruit will ripen soon. If several "bricks" soaked in a certain substance solution are put in the fruit storage room, "raw" fruits (even if there are "cooked" fruits) can be preserved for a long time. Then matter is ().
A, KMnO4 B, CH2=CH2 C, H2O D, none of them.
Fill in the blanks (65438+ 0 for each blank, 60 points in total)
2 1. Flies that feed on decaying substances will not get sick, which has aroused great interest. The research results in recent years show that there is a substance called peptide in flies, which can protect flies from bacterial infection. This peptide has two functions, one is to produce hydrogen peroxide, and the function of hydrogen peroxide is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
On May 22, 2008, a devastating earthquake shocked the world in Wenchuan, Sichuan. In order to prevent the post-disaster epidemic, a large number of disinfectants and bleaches were transported to disaster areas all over the country.
Chlorine dioxide (1) is internationally recognized as the fourth generation of high-efficiency non-toxic broad-spectrum disinfectant. It can be prepared by the reaction of KClO3 with Na2SO3 in the presence of H2SO4. Please write down the ionic equation of the reaction: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) Sodium percarbonate is a new type of oxygen-based solid bleaching agent with multiple uses, and its chemical formula can be expressed as Na2CO3 3H2O2, which has dual properties of Na2CO3 and H2O2. Sodium percarbonate will fail due to chemical reaction with the following substances, including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
A, MnO2 B, KMnO4 solution C, dilute hydrochloric acid D and Na2SO3 solution.
(3) The bleaching agent NaClO2 can be stored for one year at room temperature and in the dark. Chlorous acid is unstable and can be decomposed. The ionic equation of the reaction is: HCl 2cl2 ↑+H+Cl-+H2O (unbalanced). When 1mol HClO2 undergoes decomposition reaction, the number of electrons transferred is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(4) There are six kinds of particles, namely Fe2+, NO3-, Fe3+, NH4+, H+ and H2O, which belong to the reactants and products in the same redox reaction, so the ratio of reducing agent to oxidant in this reaction is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Scientists have found that water can show many interesting structures and properties under special conditions.
(1) Under certain conditions, when a weak electric field is applied to water supply, water will form ice at normal temperature and pressure, commonly known as "hot ice". The computer simulation diagram is as follows.
Hydrothermal ice
Using the condition of "weak electric field" makes water form "hot ice", which means that water molecules are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Please use your imagination to design an application example for "Hot Ice" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) When liquid water is irradiated by high-energy rays, water molecules can release an electron and produce a cation at the same time.
The electrons released by (1) can be captured by a "net" formed by several water molecules to form hydrated electrons. The reason why you think water molecules can form a "network" is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) Cations generated when water molecules release electrons are strongly oxidizing. Try to write the ionic equation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of the reaction between cations and SO2 aqueous solution; Cations can also react with water molecules to generate hydroxyl groups. Determine that the water is acidic at this time, and the ionic equation of this process is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
24. Mercury electrolysis in brine is an important milestone in the development of chlor-alkali industry, which is famous for its high purity and good quality. Its production principle is as follows:
(1) Write the ionic equation of the reaction in the electrolytic cell and the mercury dissolving chamber respectively:
Electrolytic cell: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; Mercury dissolution chamber _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) When the anode produces 3.36m3 (standard state) Cl2, the mass of NaOH produced in the mercury dissolving chamber is _ _ _ _ kg.
(3) The inflow and outflow rates of NaCl solution in the electrolysis chamber are both V L/min. If the quantity and concentration of substances that need to flow out from alkali liquor in production are c mol/L, the outflow rate of alkali liquor in mercury dissolving chamber is Q = _ _ _ _ _ _ l/min.
(4) In the 1960s, ion-exchange membrane method was adopted in chlor-alkali production, and mercury method was gradually eliminated. Do you think the main reason for being eliminated is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
25. The nonmetallic element R has n isotopes. Answer the following questions:
There are _ _ _ _ _ _ kinds of diatomic molecules composed of (1)R element.
(2) A hydride with an R, with the molecular formula of H2R2. If there are three isotopes of H element, there are _ _ _ _ kinds of H2R2 molecules.
26. In today's world, the reserves of fossil fuels are rapidly decreasing. Finding alternative energy sources is the direction of efforts of all countries in the world, among which hydrogen energy is one of the research hotspots. Large-scale cheap preparation of hydrogen, safe storage and transportation of hydrogen and other technical problems need to be solved by scientists.
(1) The three common fossil fuels are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) Compared with fossil fuels, the advantage of hydrogen energy is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) The Apollo spacecraft used a hydrogen fuel cell, the negative electrode was a porous nickel electrode, the positive electrode was covered with nickel oxide, and the electrolyte solution was KOH solution. The electrode reaction is:
Negative reaction: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; Positive electrode reaction: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(4) At high temperature, the reversible redox reaction between Fe3O4 and Fe is used to store and release hydrogen, and the related chemical reaction equation is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
27. Winter and spring are the season to eat sugarcane, but it should be noted that moldy sugarcane can't be eaten, because it will produce a toxic substance, 3- nitropropionic acid (recorded as A). The structure of A is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. The acidity of A is _ _ _ _ _ greater than that of propionic acid (fill in "strength"); The equation for the reaction of A with NaOH is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
28. The 2008 Olympic Games was held in Beijing. The following figure is similar to the five-membered ring of the Olympic Games, representing five compounds A, B, C, D and E. The crossing part of the ring means that two compounds contain the same elements, and five compounds are composed of five short-period elements, and each compound is composed of only two elements. A is the main component of combustible ice; The total number of electrons contained in molecules B and E is equal to that of silane (SiH4), and B is unstable, has strong oxidation and can undergo its own redox reaction. E has a relative molecular mass of 32, can be reduced, and is often used as fuel for spacecraft. C can react: compound (I)+ compound (II)+ compound (III)+ compound (IV). D is a new inorganic nonmetallic material, which contains two elements with atomic and electronic ratios of 3:4 and 3:2.
The electronic type of (1)A is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; The chemical formula of d is _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2)A, B and E contain the same element named _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) The reaction between B and E can generate simple substance G and common liquid compound H, and write the chemical reaction equation _ _ _ _.
(4) Name a purpose of substance C: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
2008 is a year of frequent fires in China. Try to answer related questions:
(1) In the first half of 2008, a karaoke bar in Shenzhen caught fire, causing many casualties. Research shows that the first cause of death of most people in fire is not high temperature baking or burning, but inhalation of smoke poisoning when running in panic. And the more luxurious the building decoration, the more obvious this is. PVC is the most commonly used raw material for making decoration materials. When PVC meets fire, a series of complex chemical changes will occur at different temperatures, resulting in a large number of harmful gases. The process is as follows:
Please answer the following questions:
(1) The harmful gases produced by PVC in the fire are mainly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) The reaction type of ① in the above changes is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; In organic chemistry, the reaction of adding oxygen or removing hydrogen in molecules is called oxidation reaction, and the reaction of hydrodeoxygenation is called reduction reaction. Accordingly, the oxidation reaction in the above reaction is (fill in the symbol) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) The adhesive widely used in decoration is also a flammable substance, and polyvinyl butyral is such an adhesive, which is a polymer compound containing six-membered rings obtained by condensation of polyvinyl alcohol and butyral. If it is known that the reaction: 2ch2oh+hchoch3och2oh3+H2O can occur. Please write the chemical equation for the preparation of polyvinyl butyral adhesive: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(4) On June 5438+065438+ 10, 2008, a fire broke out in a university dormitory in Shanghai, killing four people. On June/KOOC-0/65438+/KOOC-0/October/KOOC-0/4, 2008, the Second Affiliated Middle School of East China Normal University held a fire drill. Under the guidance of firemen, the students used dry powder fire extinguishing agent to put out the simulated fire. Dry powder fire extinguishing agent is a fine particle made of fire extinguishing base materials (such as baking soda, ammonium carbonate, ammonium phosphate, etc.). ), proper amount of lubricant (magnesium stearate, mica powder, talcum powder, etc. ) and a small amount of moisture-proof agent (silica gel), and spraying carbon dioxide after grinding. Please analyze the working principle of dry powder fire extinguishers: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(5) As the saying goes, "fire and water are incompatible", water is a commonly used fire extinguishing agent, but in some cases, water plays a role in supporting combustion, so you can't blindly use water to put out the fire. Please give two examples: ① _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; ②_____________________________。
(6) In 2008, a fire broke out in Warehouse 4, and more than 1000 boxes of matches and an unknown number of NH4NO3 were stored in the warehouse. After the fire broke out, workers used ordinary fire extinguishers to put out the fire, and then the warehouse exploded violently. Excuse me, the reason why the fire extinguishing effect with ordinary fire extinguishers is not good is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; The reason for the explosion was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(7) Flame retardant (also known as flame retardant) can play a flame retardant role if it is added to combustible substances in a proper amount. Aluminum hydroxide is a kind of flame retardant, and its flame retardant mechanism is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
30. In the spring of 2008, the once-in-a-century ice and snow weather appeared in most parts of southern China. Snow melting agent is a favorable weapon to deal with ice and snow disasters. There are two commonly used snow melting agents: chloride salt type and organic type. The principle of snow melting is that the freezing point of snowmelt agent is significantly reduced after it is dissolved in water, and the freezing point of NaCl saturated solution is reduced to -2 1.20℃, while dry snowmelt agent cannot melt snow. Answer the following questions:
(1) CaCl _ 2 and NaCl can be used as snowmelt agents. The research shows that the lower the temperature, the better the snowmelt effect of CaCl _ 2, because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Some people say that adding CaCl2 2H2O is better than adding CaCl2. You think _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (fill in "correct" or "incorrect") is because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) Chloride deicer does great damage to the reinforcement of cement pavement or bridge because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
3 1. The energy shortage in today's world urges people to try their best to find new or alternative energy sources. So some so-called inventions came into being, such as "changing water into oil". As we know, diesel is an important fuel with an average carbon content of about 85% and a hydrogen content of 14%. However, some media disclosed the following invention: 25% diesel oil and 75% water can be mixed, and a small amount of "expansion agent" can be added to make diesel oil, which is called "expanded diesel oil" or "water-to-oil" for short. It is said that its calorific value is the same as that of natural diesel. This invention has been affirmed by many experts and scholars and passed the so-called "appraisal". But at the same time, it has been denied by many experts and professors. Q: Is it possible to turn water into oil? A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; Please design an experimental idea (no need to operate the experimental process in detail) to prove whether water becomes oil. The experimental idea is: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
In 2008, there was a global outbreak of avian influenza. Tamiflu, an anti-avian influenza drug, was synthesized from shikimic acid (A) through ten steps. Shikimic acid can be extracted from the common cooking spice "Illicium verum" in China. The structural formulas of Tamiflu, A (shikimic acid) and B are as follows:
Duffy:; A:; B:
Known: HCHO+CH3COCH2OH+CH3COOH.
There is a transformation relationship among compounds A, B, C, D and E as shown in the following figure:
Answer the following questions:
(1) Write the chemical formula (molecular formula) of Tamiflu: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(2) Write the name of the functional group contained in Compound A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(3) Write down the reaction type of AC: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(4) Write the chemical equation of BE: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(5) Write the structure of D: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(6) It is known that there are many isomers of B. Write the isomer structural formula of B that satisfies the following properties:
① purple when it reacts with FeCl3 solution; (2) react with newly prepared Cu(OH)2 suspension to generate red precipitate; ③ There are two kinds of halogenated compounds on benzene ring.
The structure is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(7) The purpose of designing Mr. A as C _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
Shanghai is called Hu for short, which means "Hu" and refers to a fishing tool. It shows that ancient Shanghainese made a living by fishing. The "collective suicide" of marine fish is an unsolved natural mystery. Some scientists in Germany believe that it is caused by a poisonous and smelly gas produced by planktonic bacteria at sea. This gas will also be produced in some areas at the bottom of the deep sea and form an ecosystem. The gas is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; The method of identifying this gas is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Due to environmental pollution, Shanghai is short of water. Now we have to deal with bottled pure water almost every day. Some supermarkets strongly recommend a drink called "nano-water", which is said to be more effective than ordinary water. Please write a short review of science and technology within 40 words in combination with the relevant knowledge of nano-materials. Seek simplicity.
Reference Answer of the First Chemistry Literacy Competition of the Second Affiliated Middle School of East China Normal University
A, multiple-choice questions (multiple-choice questions, each question 1 point, ***30 points)
1
2
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
10
B
C
C
A
C
C
C
C
A
C
1 1
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
C
B
C
C
D
A
B
D
C
A
II. Fill in the blanks (65438+ 0 for each blank, ***60)
2 1. decompose reactive oxygen species and kill bacteria in the body, so that flies will not get sick.
22.( 1)2 clo 3-+SO32-+2H+2 clo 2+SO42-+H2O
⑵D
(3)0.8×6.02× 1023
(4)8: 1
23.( 1) polarity; Building a room temperature skating rink;
(2)① There are hydrogen bonds between water molecules;
②2H2O ++ SO24H ++ SO42-； H2O++H2OH3O++-OH
24.( 1) electrolytic cell: 2na++2cl-2na+Cl2 =
Mercury dissolution chamber: 2na+2h2o 2na+2oh-+H2 =
(2) solution: n (NaOH) = n (e) = 2n (Cl2) = 2× 3.36x100l/22.4l/mol = 300mol = 0.3kmol.
m(NaOH)= 0.3 kmol×40g/mol = 12kg
(3)Q=(a-b)V/c L/min
(4) Mercury is toxic and pollutes the environment.
25.( 1)(N2+n)/2；
(2)(9n2+3n)/2
26.( 1) Coal, oil and natural gas
(2) Wide sources, high calorific value and no pollution.
(3) Negative electrode: H2–2e+2oh-2h2o; Positive electrode: O2+4e+2H2O4OH-
(4)Fe3O4+4H23Fe+4H2O
27.O2N-ch 2ch2 cooh； Strong;
O2N-ch 2ch2 cooh+nao ho 2n-ch 2ch2 coona+H2O
28.( 1); Si3N4
(2) hydrogen;
(3)2h2o 2+n2h4n 2+4H2O； Making optical fibers (or raw materials for producing glass)
29.( 1) HCl, CO, benzene, etc. HCl covers the nose and mouth with a wet towel; Bend over and suck in air in a low place (other reasonable answers can be given as appropriate)
(2) eliminating the reaction; four
(3)
(4) The sprayed powder, with dense concentration and fine particles, can form an isolation layer on solid combustion, and at the same time precipitate non-combustible gas, so that the oxygen concentration in the air is reduced and the flame is extinguished.
(5)① Burn of active metal such as sodium metal; ② Pour a little water on the red-hot carbon.
(6) Matches contain oxidants and reductants, and the function of ordinary fire extinguishers is to isolate combustible materials and oxygen, so the effect is not good; The main reason for the violent explosion may be that NH4NO3 is rapidly decomposed by high heat (matches may also cause explosion).
(7) It is a flame retardant. The flame retardant mechanism is as follows: ① The decomposition of aluminum hydroxide into aluminum oxide and water vapor is a strong endothermic reaction, which reduces the temperature of combustion products; (2) The evaporation of water vapor not only reduces the temperature in the interval, but also dilutes the oxygen concentration; (3) The alumina generated by decomposition has high dispersibility and covers the surface of the sintered product, preventing heat and oxygen from entering and combustible gas from escaping.
30. The lower the temperature (1), the less liquid water, the better the water absorption performance of CaCl2 _ 2, and the easier it is to form a solution at a lower temperature (or the freezing point of a dilute solution decreases exponentially). Correct; Because the combination of calcium chloride and water is an exothermic reaction.
(2) Chloride-type snow melting agent forms electrolyte solution after dissolving in water, and forms galvanic cell on the surface of steel, resulting in electrochemical corrosion.
3 1. Impossible; The composition of water is 1 1% hydrogen, 89% oxygen, and the average diesel oil is 14% hydrogen and 85% carbon. In order to change water into oil, oxygen in water must be quantitatively changed into hydrogen and carbon respectively. For example: oxygen carbon+4h; Three oxygen and four carbon. This involves the fragmentation and recombination of the nucleus, which requires extremely high energy (similar to an atomic bomb explosion). A small amount of "expansion agent" can hardly provide such high energy. Therefore, it is difficult to change water into oil.
Identification method: under the condition of anti-counterfeiting, the chemical analysis of the "expanded diesel oil" and diesel oil prepared on the spot is carried out at the same time to see whether their elemental compositions are the same or similar, so as to explain whether oxygen has become carbon and hydrogen. Isotope analysis can also be carried out. If oxygen becomes hydrogen and carbon, its isotope content must be different from that in diesel.
32.( 1)c 16h 3 1o 8 N2 p； (2) carboxyl, hydroxyl and carbon-carbon double bonds; (3) esterification (substitution) reaction;
(4) Nitrogen+nitrous oxide
(5)
(6)、
(7) Protect hydroxyl groups from oxidation.
33.H2S； Any inspection method for H2S can be used.
34. Key points:
Water is a liquid (the molecular group is constantly changing), and it is impossible to have an interface with a diameter of 1 ~ 100 nm. This is a false commercial speculation and a "fake". So compared with ordinary water, there is no better efficiency.