Tobacco can cause many diseases, even death due to aggravating diseases, which has become one of the global public health problems that seriously affect public health. Controlling smoking and preventing diseases has become the common sense of governments all over the world. Our government attaches great importance to tobacco control and signed the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, which was approved by the National People's Congress and came into effect on June 5+10/October 9, 2006. In order to protect Chinese teenagers from the harm of tobacco, the Law on the Protection of Minors in People's Republic of China (PRC) clearly stipulates that "no one is allowed to smoke or drink alcohol in classrooms, dormitories, activity rooms and other places where minors are concentrated". In order to fulfill the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, implement the relevant requirements of the Law on the Protection of Minors in People's Republic of China (PRC), and keep young people away from the harm of tobacco, we hereby put forward the following opinions on further strengthening the tobacco control work in schools of all levels and types (including extracurricular activities specially for minors).
First, raise awareness, strengthen leadership, and earnestly perform the duties of tobacco control.
There are more than 4,000 chemical substances in tobacco smoke, including many toxic and harmful substances, of which more than 40 substances are carcinogenic, and nicotine in tobacco is highly addictive. Once you are addicted to smoking, it is difficult to give it up. At present, the number of smokers in China exceeds 300 million, and the number of passive smokers is as high as 540 million, of which 65.438+0.8 billion are children under the age of 65.438+0.8, and about 65.438+0.8 million people die of diseases caused by smoking every year. Education, health administrative departments at all levels and schools should fully understand the importance and necessity of strengthening tobacco control in schools, and enhance their sense of responsibility and mission in tobacco control. It is necessary to further strengthen the organization and leadership of tobacco control in schools, incorporate tobacco control as an important part of school education into the local education and health work plan, formulate specific implementation plans and work objectives, put the responsibility on people, organically combine the establishment of smoke-free campus with the construction of civilized campus, optimize the educational environment, cultivate talents with all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique and beauty, and make unremitting efforts.
Two, a clear responsibility, actively cooperate with * * * to promote tobacco control in schools.
Tobacco control in schools is not only an important part of education, but also an important part of public health. Departments such as education and health must attach great importance to it. Local education administrative departments should take the initiative to coordinate with the health administrative departments, combined with local conditions, study and formulate local school tobacco control policies and measures and promotion programs. Local health administrative departments should actively cooperate with education administrative departments and schools to carry out tobacco control publicity and education activities, provide technical services and guidance for tobacco control in schools, and promote the establishment of smoke-free schools. All kinds of schools at all levels should conscientiously carry out various tobacco control work in accordance with the relevant laws and policies of the state and local tobacco control work, combined with the education of students' daily behavior norms.
Third, strengthen publicity, improve the system and strive to create a smoke-free school.
1. Strengthen tobacco control publicity and education. Schools at all levels and types should incorporate tobacco control publicity and education into the school health education plan, and teach teachers and students the core knowledge and skills of tobacco control, such as the harm of tobacco, not trying to smoke, discouraging others from smoking and refusing to smoke second-hand smoke, through classroom teaching, lectures, class meetings, peer education, knowledge contests and blackboard newspapers. It is necessary to make full use of World No Tobacco Day on May 3 1 every year, focus on tobacco control publicity activities, strengthen students' knowledge, attitude and behavior of tobacco control, and promote students to develop good civilized behaviors and habits. Students should publicize the knowledge of tobacco control to their parents, and discourage their families from smoking by "holding hands with small hands" to avoid passive smoking.
2. Give play to the exemplary role of teachers in tobacco control. Teachers should set an example, take the lead in quitting smoking at school, educate themselves to quit smoking and motivate students to consciously resist the temptation of tobacco. Teachers are not allowed to smoke in front of students, do not respect each other, and do not discourage smoking. If students are found to smoke, they should be discouraged and educated in time. Schools should actively advocate and help staff who smoke to quit smoking and abandon unhealthy lifestyles.
3. Establish and improve the tobacco control system. Secondary vocational schools, primary and secondary schools, kindergartens, teaching areas, office areas, libraries and other places of higher learning should completely ban smoking. Eye-catching no-smoking signs should be set up in the main areas of schools at all levels. Tobacco advertisements or disguised tobacco advertisements are not allowed to be posted or set up on campus, and the sale of tobacco products is prohibited.
Four, strengthen supervision and inspection, and strive to achieve the goal of smoke-free schools.
Local education and health administrative departments should take tobacco control as one of the important indicators to evaluate school health work. Schools at all levels and types should regularly carry out tobacco control inspections in all departments and classes of the school. Actively encourage and promote all kinds of schools at all levels to carry out the activities of establishing smoke-free schools in accordance with the standards of smoke-free schools (see annex).
World No Tobacco Day
May 3 1 day is "World No Tobacco Day". Since 1950s, a large number of epidemiological studies around the world have confirmed that smoking is the primary risk factor for lung cancer. In order to arouse the international community's attention to the harm of tobacco to human health, the World Health Organization suggested that April 7th of each year be designated as "World No Tobacco Day" and implemented on 1988. Since 1989, World No Tobacco Day has been changed to May 3 1 day every year.
Youlai
Tobacco is a wild plant growing in South America. At first, Indians chewed tobacco leaves or made them into cigarettes to burn and smoke. Tobacco has prevailed in the world for more than 200 years, and it was not until the 20th century that human beings began to realize the harm of tobacco to human beings. From 65438 to 0977, the American Cancer Society first put forward a publicity and education method to control smoking-No Tobacco Day. On this day, the United States launched a nationwide "smoking is harmful to health" publicity campaign to discourage smokers from smoking that day, and shops stopped selling tobacco products for one day. The United States has designated the Thursday of the third week of June 165438+ 10 as its own No Tobacco Day. Since then, Britain, Malaysia, China and other countries and regions have also formulated No Tobacco Days.
1987165438+1October, the United Nations World Health Organization suggested that April 7th every year be designated as "World No Tobacco Day", which was implemented in 1988. However, since April 7th is the anniversary of the establishment of the World Health Organization, on this day every year, the World Health Organization will put forward a theme health care requirement. In order not to interfere with the presentation of its health theme, the World Health Organization decided from 1989 to designate May 3 1 as World No Tobacco Day, and China also designated this day as China No Tobacco Day.
theme
1988: Choose between tobacco and health.
1989: women and tobacco
1990: Teenagers should not smoke.
199 1 year: Smoking is prohibited in public places and public transport.
1992: Smoking is prohibited in the workplace.
1993: Health departments and health workers oppose smoking.
1994; The mass media propagandized against smoking.
1995 tobacco and economy
1996: smokeless cultural and sports activities
1997: The United Nations and related agencies oppose smoking.
1998: growing up in a smoke-free environment
1999: Quit smoking. The slogan is "Quit smoking"
2000: Don't use cultural and sports activities to promote the tobacco slogan "Smoking is harmful, don't be tempted"
200 1: Purify the air and refuse to smoke secondhand smoke.
2002: Smoke-free Sports Cleaning Competition
2003: Smoke-free TV and Fashion Action
2004: smoking control and poverty reduction.
Health workers and tobacco control in 2005
2006: tobacco devours life
2007: Create a smoke-free environment to remind the public of the harm of tobacco smoke to passive smokers and the environment.
2008: smoke-free youth [slogan: prohibit tobacco advertising and promotion to ensure a better life for smoke-free youth]
2009: Tobacco health warning [slogan: "Graphic warning reveals the truth of tobacco harm"]
20 10: gender and tobacco-boycott marketing aimed at women.
The attention of the world
At present, the number of people who die from smoking and related diseases reaches 5 million every year, and the annual medical expenses and economic losses exceed 200 billion US dollars. The number of deaths and diseases caused by tobacco is well documented, but its role in leading to poverty growth has not attracted enough attention. 75% of the world's smokers are located in developing countries, and their household expenditure on cigarettes is usually very high, which wastes the limited family resources that should have been spent on nutrition, education and other necessary expenses. Tobacco cultivation is also harmful to the environment. Tobacco crops grab soil nutrients, the fertilizers and pesticides used cause pollution, and flue-cured tobacco consumes a lot of forest resources. The latest research shows that nearly 5% of deforestation in tobacco-growing countries is related to tobacco processing.
Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
The tobacco problem has attracted more and more attention from all countries in the world. On May 2 1 2003, at the World Health Assembly held in Geneva, the first global tobacco control treaty, the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), was unanimously adopted by WHO 192 member countries, which provided a legal framework for global tobacco control and human health protection. The Convention requires that all countries should at least prohibit misleading tobacco advertisements, international activities and tobacco promotion activities sponsored by tobacco companies, tobacco smuggling and the sale of cigarettes to minors through laws, mark the warning that "smoking is harmful to health" on cigarette cases with an area of 30% to 50%, and prohibit the use of deceptive words such as "low tar" and "light".
On February 27th, 2005, the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control came into force. This is the first legally binding international public health treaty reached under the auspices of the World Health Organization and the first global multilateral agreement on tobacco. As of July 2007, there are 148 contracting parties, covering more than 80% of the global population. 145 states parties have ratified the convention and entered into force. In June 2003, China became the 77th signatory of the Convention. In August 2005, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) voted to ratify the Convention, and formally deposited its instrument of ratification with the United Nations in June 5438+10.
After the entry into force of the Convention, all contracting parties must strictly abide by the provisions of the Convention: increasing tobacco prices and taxes, prohibiting tobacco advertising, prohibiting or restricting sponsorship activities of tobacco dealers, cracking down on tobacco smuggling, prohibiting the sale of cigarettes to minors, labeling cigarette packets with warnings that smoking is harmful to health, and taking measures to reduce passive smoking in public places.
Advocate 100% prohibition of advertising, sponsorship and promotion of tobacco products.
Only 5% of the people in the world live in countries where tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship are completely banned, and half of the children live in countries where the free sale of tobacco products is not restricted. Because tobacco advertisements can be transferred to other propaganda media, the impact of some bans on the demand for tobacco products is very small or almost zero. One of the most effective ways for a country to protect people's health is to ban any form of tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship. Only a total and complete ban can reduce the consumption of tobacco products. The national survey found that after banning tobacco advertising, the consumption of tobacco products decreased by 16%.
Advertising and promotional activities in the tobacco industry will induce young people to smoke. Once teenagers try this highly addictive product, it is easy to cause lifelong tobacco dependence. It is an extremely effective way to protect young people from trying to use tobacco by banning tobacco advertising and promotion and ending tobacco industry's sponsorship of any event or activity. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control also specifically requires States parties to ban tobacco advertising and promotion activities within five years after the entry into force of the Convention.
Smoke free school
Creating a good smoke-free environment for young students and educating them not to smoke is not only conducive to the healthy development of students' physical and mental health, but also has far-reaching strategic significance for strengthening national physique, improving the health level of the whole people and establishing good social customs. To this end, we advocate that all faculty and staff actively participate in the activity of "building a smoke-free school". School leaders lead by example and don't smoke. Smoking is strictly prohibited in classrooms, laboratories, libraries, conference rooms, offices and other public places. Smoking utensils are not installed anywhere in the school, and cigarettes are not provided to visitors. Actively publicize the scientific knowledge that smoking is harmful to health, advocate and form a good atmosphere for students to actively persuade parents and teachers to quit smoking and ban smoking, and put smoking ban into the track of spiritual civilization construction.
The harm of cigarettes
Relevant medical research shows that smoking is a behavioral hazard factor of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other diseases, and smoking has become the second largest global killer after hypertension. According to statistics, 5 million people worldwide die of smoking-related diseases every year. If not controlled, this number will reach100000 by 2020. Some data show that the incidence of lung cancer, laryngeal cancer, coronary heart disease, circulatory system and trachea of long-term smokers is 10 to 20 times, 6 to 10 times, 2 to 3 times, 3 times and 2 to 8 times higher than that of non-smokers. Passive smoking is more harmful, and the average daily passive smoking 1 hour is enough to destroy arterial blood vessels. Some women who live with smokers are six times more likely to develop lung cancer than ordinary people. Smoking is also one of the important factors leading to various chronic diseases. In 2000, the number of deaths caused by smoking in China was nearly 6.5438+0 million, exceeding the sum of AIDS, tuberculosis, traffic accidents and suicide deaths, accounting for 654.38+02% of all deaths. If no control measures are taken, it is estimated that by 2020, the proportion will rise to 33% and the death toll will reach 2 million, half of which will die between the ages of 35 and 64.
At present, there are1300 million smokers in the world, of which 900 million are in developing countries. The number of smokers, especially young smokers, is increasing. China is a big country in tobacco production and consumption, accounting for more than one third of the world's total. At present, there are about 350 million smokers in China, with the male smoking rate of 66% and the female smoking rate of 3.08%. Moreover, smokers in China tend to be younger, and the number of teenagers smoking is as high as 50 million. The survey also shows that the main victims of passive smoking in China are women and children. Although they don't smoke themselves, they are often hurt by others' smoking at home and in public places. /kloc-55% of women over 0/5 suffer from passive smoking every day. Children's passive smoking is more serious because they lack the ability to protect themselves. In schools, the smoking rate of male teachers is as high as 48.4%, which not only has a bad influence on children and adolescents, but also increases the difficulty of smoking control in schools.
Although the tobacco industry has always claimed that it can bring jobs and taxes and make great contributions to the world economy, according to the data provided by the World Health Organization, the contribution of the tobacco industry to the economy is far from enough to offset the losses it has caused to household expenses, public health, the environment and the national economy. Therefore, the World Health Organization has listed tobacco epidemic as the most serious public health problem in the world and as a key control area. In May, 2003, at the World Health Assembly held in Geneva, WHO 192 member countries unanimously adopted the first global tobacco control treaty-the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, which provided a legal framework for controlling tobacco hazards and safeguarding human health on a global scale.
Controlling tobacco harm is a long-term, arduous and complex public health problem. Therefore, the World Health Organization's proposal of "creating a smoke-free environment" is also telling the public that smoking and passive smoking are the biggest but preventable risk factors facing human health, and the public has the right to demand clean air free from tobacco smoke pollution. Only by "creating and enjoying 100% smoke-free environment" can people be better protected from the harm of tobacco smoke.