The guarantee level of German medical insurance system

Germany's legal medical insurance service system with high security determined by social and economic level is one of the leading industrialized countries in the world. Its economic aggregate ranks fourth in the world and it is the second largest trading country in the world. It is precisely because of its strong economic strength that under the principle of advocating the establishment of a social welfare state and a social market economy, the scope, items and contents of German statutory medical insurance services are very diverse and extensive, and German medical insurance can be called a comprehensive system covering almost all medical services. Germany has more than 2,300 hospitals with more than 600,000 beds and 1000 prevention and rehabilitation institutions. Among them, hospitals run by non-profit organizations such as the government or churches account for 80-90% of the total number of beds, and the rest are run by private enterprises. The insured (including their families and minors) who participate in statutory insurance can get timely, free or almost free treatment regardless of their financial situation at that time, and generally do not have to pay cash when seeing a doctor. At the same time, patients have the right to freely choose medical practitioners and specialists, and can choose hospitals for hospitalization within a certain range under the guidance of medical practitioners. In Germany, citizens can enjoy legal medical insurance services no matter which medical insurance fund organization they participate in. The combination of fairness and efficiency in the German medical insurance fund action system pays attention to the fairness and profitability of financing, which is fully reflected in the financing and payment system of the German medical insurance system. According to German law, anyone who does not meet the requirements of private insurance must participate in statutory medical insurance. Insurance funds are not allowed to make risk choices for the insured (including age, gender, physical condition and number of family members), and the insurance premium is borne by the employer and the employee respectively (the part borne by the original employer after retirement is borne by the pension fund). The average medical insurance premium is about 1 3.6% of the pre-tax salary (which varies from fund to fund every year). At the same time, German law also stipulates that the families and minor children of employees (insured obligors) who meet the requirements of participating in statutory medical insurance can automatically become the insured, and they can enjoy the same medical insurance services without paying extra insurance premiums. In addition, due to the lack of choice of insurance funds for policyholders, the premium income is abnormally high and abnormally low. Germany's Health Care Law (1993) stipulates that the balance should be achieved through the "premium income transfer payment system" to ensure the fairness of competition among funds. It can be seen that the amount of insurance premiums paid by the insured mainly depends on their economic income, and the medical insurance services they enjoy are not different according to the level of insurance premiums paid, so that healthy people and sick people, high-risk people and low-risk people, singles and families, young people and the elderly, high-income people and low-income people, and high-premium and low-premium income funds can help each other, which fully reflects the fairness of social medical insurance.