Infectious diseases in spring are mostly transmitted through respiratory tract, which can be transmitted through air, close droplets or contact with respiratory secretions.
Schools are densely populated, and once an infectious disease occurs, it is easy to spread and spread. Therefore, it is of great significance to know enough knowledge about infectious diseases in spring to prevent the occurrence and prevalence of such diseases.
Common infectious diseases include influenza, meningitis, measles, chickenpox, mumps, rubella and scarlet fever.
First, common infectious diseases in spring:
1, influenza (flu)
Influenza, referred to as influenza for short, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus, which is highly contagious and has a high probability of epidemic transmission.
Symptoms: fever, headache, runny nose, sore throat, dry cough, sore muscles and joints all over the body, etc. Fever usually lasts for 3? 4 days, and severe pneumonia or gastrointestinal flu.
Sources of infection: influenza patients and latent infections.
Transmission route: air droplets spread directly, and items contaminated by viruses spread indirectly.
2. Meningitis (epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis)
Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by meningococcus.
Symptoms: runny nose, cough, headache, fever and so on. In severe cases, drowsiness, stiff neck, jet-like vomiting, coma and shock occur.
Source of infection: meningococcal patients or carriers.
Transmission route: air droplets spread directly.
Step 3: measles
Measles is an acute infectious disease caused by measles virus, which can be cured in about 10 days.
Symptoms: Can be summarized as? Three, three, three. .
Precursor period 3 days: 3 days before eruption, moderate fever of about 38 degrees, accompanied by cough, runny nose, tears, photophobia, and gray spots on oral cavity and buccal mucosa (this is the characteristic);
3 days of rash: On the 4th to 5th day of the course, the body temperature rises to about 40 degrees, and the red maculopapular rash gradually reaches the trunk, upper limbs and lower limbs from beginning to end;
Recovery period: 3-4 days after the eruption, the body temperature gradually returned to normal, the rash began to subside, and the skin left sugar bran desquamation and brown pigmentation.
Transmission route: respiratory droplet transmission.
Source of infection: The patient is the only source of infection.
Continuous immunity can be obtained after illness, and the second onset is rare.
4, chickenpox
Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease, which is caused by varicella zoster virus.
Symptoms: moderate to low fever, and soon red maculopapules appeared in batches.
Transmission routes: air transmission, water transmission, food transmission, contact transmission, biological media transmission, etc.
Second, prevention of common infectious diseases
The three basic links in the epidemic of infectious diseases are the source of infection, the route of transmission and the susceptible population. When a large-scale infectious disease occurs, cutting off any of the three basic links can effectively control the epidemic of infectious diseases. Our measures to prevent infectious diseases are all aimed at one of the three basic links, which are divided into the following three aspects:
1. Control the source of infection
Try to find, diagnose, report, treat and isolate patients with infectious diseases as early as possible to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Animals suffering from infectious diseases are also sources of infection and should be dealt with in time.
2. Cut off the route of transmission
The way to cut off the route of transmission is mainly to pay attention to personal hygiene and environmental hygiene. Eliminating the vectors that spread diseases and carrying out some necessary disinfection work can make pathogens lose the opportunity to infect healthy people.
3. Protect vulnerable groups
During the epidemic period of infectious diseases, we should pay attention to protecting susceptible people, keep them away from the source of infection, and carry out vaccination to improve the resistance of susceptible people. For susceptible people themselves, we should actively participate in sports, exercise and enhance disease resistance.
Third, specific measures.
1. Eat a reasonable diet, increase nutrition, drink plenty of water, take enough vitamins, and eat more foods rich in high-quality protein, sugar and trace elements, such as lean meat, eggs, dates, honey, fresh vegetables and fruits; Take an active part in physical exercise, go to the suburbs and outdoors to breathe fresh air every day, take a walk, jog, do exercises and punch, so as to make your blood flow smoothly, stretch your muscles and strengthen your physique.
2. Don't go to places with dense population, mixed personnel and air pollution such as farmers' markets, individual restaurants and recreation rooms.
3. Wash your hands thoroughly with running water, including wiping your hands without dirty towels.
4. Open the window for ventilation every day to keep the indoor air fresh, especially in dormitories, computer rooms and classrooms.
5. Arrange work and rest reasonably to make life regular; Be careful not to be overtired to prevent colds, so as not to reduce the disease resistance.
6. Don't eat all kinds of seafood and meat raw, eat fruits with skins and don't drink raw water. Don't take the garbage out casually, don't pile it up casually, and the garbage should be destroyed in a unified way.
7. Pay attention to personal hygiene and don't spit or sneeze casually.
8. If you have fever or other discomfort, seek medical advice in time; It is best to wear a mask when going to the hospital and wash your hands after returning to the dormitory to avoid cross infection.
9. Avoid contact with infectious patients and try not to reach epidemic areas of infectious diseases.
10. Disinfect the articles and rooms used by infected patients properly, such as drying clothes and quilts in the sun, and spraying chlorine-containing disinfectant to wipe the door handles, desktops and floors in the room.
Although there are many kinds of infectious diseases in spring, as long as we pay attention to prevention, early detection, early isolation, early diagnosis and early treatment, we can effectively block the epidemic and spread of infectious diseases. If the above typical symptoms appear, you should go to a regular hospital for medical treatment in time, make a clear diagnosis and correct treatment, and don't handle them without authorization, so as not to delay the illness.