1. lullaby
The moon is bright, the wind is calm, and the leaves cover the windows.
Cricket clanks, just like the sound of strings.
The sound of the piano is light, the tune is beautiful, and the cradle swings gently.
Mom's baby, you close your eyes and sleep. The man slept in a dream.
Mom's baby, you close your eyes and sleep. The man slept in a dream.
The little pigeon wants to fly and grunts a few times.
The baby smiled slightly in his sleep.
The clearer the eyebrows and the redder the face, the more my mother looks at them, the more she likes them.
Mom's baby, you have grown up quickly and made great contributions to the construction of the motherland.
Mom's baby, you have grown up quickly and made great contributions to the construction of the motherland.
Dew, greenhouse, red flowers by the window,
Flowers bloom and fall red, baby, grow up quickly,
The moon is bright, the wind is calm, and crickets sing.
Mom's baby, you close your eyes and sleep. The man slept in a dream.
Mom's baby, you close your eyes and sleep. The man slept in a dream.
A little dog stood at the gate with black eyes and wanted to eat meat and bones.
2. Folk songs nursery rhymes
1. Folk songs
One embroidered a boat and sailed in the middle of the river, embroidered a Jiang Taigong and held a fishing rod.
Two embroidered ones rode a donkey across the state bridge, and another one rode a donkey.
Three embroideries combined with immortals, two embroideries combined with immortals and one embroidered with golden toad and bangs.
Four embroidered bags, the official history is clearer, and the white night is broken.
In the afternoon, five embroideries ended, calamus matched with realgar, and the white lady loved Xu Xian.
In June, immortals were embroidered, Xiangzi held a flower basket, and Han Xiangzi opened a peony basket.
Seven embroideries, seven seven, cowherd and weaver girl on the bank of the river the next day.
Eight Embroideries and Eight Immortals, Dong Bin plays Peony, and Lv Dongbin plays Bai Mudan.
Nine embroidered nine Chongyang, September chrysanthemum yellow, nine fairy embroidered Yuanyang.
Ten embroideries and ten gods, six roads to the god of wealth, and four roads to the door.
2. Brother Kao Qing
Q: I say one and you give me one. What flowers are in the water?
Answer: I'll give you the one you mentioned. The lotus blooms in the water.
Q: What keeps blooming? A: Sesame blossoms are getting higher and higher.
Q: What flower is full of thorns? A: Zanthoxylum bungeanum is full of thorns.
Q: What flowers bloom and fall? The grapes are in bloom.
Q: What makes a piece of meat blossom? A: A piece of meat blooms on the comb.
What flowers are there in Ye Er? Chimonanthus praecox is rare in Ye Er.
What blooms but doesn't? A: Cangzi blooms but doesn't see flowers.
Q: What is holding hands? A: Plum beans blossom hand in hand.
L: Corn grows beards and blooms.
(children's) folk rhyme
1. Don't let the Japanese run amok again.
Red tassel gun, red tassel gun, red tassel as fire, gold spear head.
Pick up the red tassel gun and fight Xiao Dongyang.
Fight the East, protect your hometown, and stop the devils from going wild again.
2. Little brother is really naughty
Little brother, it's so naughty. Take a corn stalk as a horse to ride.
Ride east, ride west, and ride to Taiwan Province Province to fight the American imperialists.
The brother next door wants to get married.
The brother next door is getting married, and the uncle next door smiled and told the cook to kill the rooster.
The chicken said, why didn't I kill that cow when I got up early to report?
The cow said, I can plow with great strength. Why not kill that horse?
The horse said, I'll pull the cart Why not kill the dog?
The dog said, I'm guarding the door at home. Why not kill that pig?
Lazy pig does nothing every day, and he has nothing to say if he wants to defend himself. Have nothing to say,
3. Ancient poetry
1. Shang Mo sang
HanYueFu
Southeast corner of sunrise, shine on me, Qin Lou. Qin has a good daughter who calls herself Luo Fu.
Luo Fu likes raising silkworms and picking mulberry in the south corner of the city. Moss is a cage system and cassia twig is a cage hook.
There is a bun on the head and a bright moon in the ear. Qi is the lower skirt and Qi is the upper skirt.
When Monkey saw Luo Fu, he put it on his shoulder and smoothed his moustache. When the teenager saw Luo Fu, he took off his hat and hung his head.
The tiller forgets to plow, and the hoe forgets to hoe. In spite of resentment, he sat watching Luo Fu.
You come from the south, and five horses stand upright. Your majesty sent officials to ask whose family it was.
"Qin has a good daughter who calls herself Luo Fu." "What is the date of Luo Fu?" "Twenty is not enough,
There are more than fifteen. "Your majesty thanked Luo Fu:" Would you rather recite it? "
Luo Fu preface: "You are such a fool! You have a wife, and Luo Fu has a husband. "
"One thousand people ride the east, and the husband is at the top. What's the use of knowing your husband?
A pony's white horse; Hair tied with ponytail, horsehead covered with gold; Deer sword, the deer in the waist, can be as high as10 million.
A petty official in the fifteenth mansion, a doctor in the twentieth dynasty, an assistant in the thirty, and a resident in the forty cities.
People are clean and white, and they have many needs. Ministry of Industry and Service of Ying Ying, Ran Ran and Zhong Chao.
There are thousands of people sitting in the room, all of whom say that their husbands are extraordinary. "
2. Turn over the leaves,
An inclined bridge leading to a side door.
Reed flowers are only white,
Catkin may be warm.
Xi zi Bao Zhen hall,
Zhaojun discovered the old village.
Every year the fragrance runs out,
Come on, don't beat Sun Lan.
4. Modern Poetry-Children's Poetry
1.& lt& lt snowflake >>
snowflake
It's the little angel pulling the pillow
Shake off goose feathers
Scatter all over the floor
snowflake
Is the mother of the sky.
Cotton wool is leased to the earth.
So it can make a warm quilt.
snowflake
It's Santa Claus
A gift for us.
I wish every child health and happiness.
2. That tree
Trees in spring
It's a stage for flowers to do beauty contests.
Trees in summer
This is cicada's classroom.
Trees in autumn
It is the cradle of fruit sleep.
the tree in winter
This is a playground for wind racing.
5. Foreign poetry
1. Spanish poet petofi "I would like to be a torrent"
I'd rather be the rapids,
mountainous
Rivers,
On the rugged road,
Pass over the rocks ...
As long as my lover
This is a small fish,
In my waves
Swim around happily.
I'd rather be a barren forest,
On both sides of the river,
For a gust of wind,
fight bravely ...
As long as my lover
It's a bird,
In my dense
Nest among the branches and sing.
I would like to be a ruin,
On the steep rocks,
This silent destruction
Doesn't make me depressed. ...
As long as my lover
It's green ivy,
Along my desolate forehead,
Climb up intimately.
I'd rather make a cabin,
At the bottom of the ravine,
On the top of the hut,
Be attacked by wind and rain ...
As long as my lover
Is a lovely flame,
In my stove,
Blink slowly with pleasure.
I want to be a cloud,
This is a broken gray flag.
In the vast sky,
Wandering around lazily,
As long as my lover
A coral sunset,
Next to my pale face, it shines brightly.
Tears flow in my heart.
Wei Erlun
Tears flow in my heart, just like the autumn rain in the city.
A nameless emotion pervades my heart.
Noisy and soft rain whispers on the floor and tiles.
Ah, Yu Yu who sings softly for the melancholy heart!
Tears flow unreasonably, and this heart is tired of itself.
How come? No scars? This sadness is meaningless.
This is the most painful pain when you don't know the cause.
No love, no hate,
My heart is so painful!
6. Stories about poetry and knowledge
1. The story of the meeting between Song and Wang Bin.
Luo, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty, participated in opposing Wu Zetian, but failed to do so. He had to remain anonymous and become a monk.
On this day, a young tourist came to Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou. That's Song Wenzhi. In the evening, Song walked along the corridor between the temples and saw the bright moon in the sky and the ups and downs of wild mountains. He was full of poetry. He sang two sentences, "The vulture ridge is dead and the Dragon Palace is lonely", which was meaningful, but the following two sentences could not be picked up at the moment. At the end of the corridor, Song suddenly saw an old monk meditating. He stepped forward to say hello. The old monk raised his eyes and said, "I have two words-",so he sang slowly, "Watch the sea day from the building and listen to the tide in Zhejiang." After hearing this, Song was deeply moved.
Song went back to his room and savored the old monk's two witticisms. Early the next morning, he hurried to visit the old monk, but he was nowhere to be found. Wandering in despair, a young monk passed by, and Song hurried forward to ask. The monk said, "Oh, he is King Robin."
2. A night sleeper near Fengqiao, Zhang Jihe, didn't make the list.
Classmates and friends are all on the list, but Zhang Ji is not in Sun Shan. After failing the list, Zhang Ji was very disappointed. He came to Suzhou alone.
Suzhou is a good place, and the scenery of the water town is better than heaven. Zhang Ji wants to use the beautiful scenery of Suzhou to relieve boredom, but looking at the beautiful scenery in front of him, he can't help but think of other people's scenery and his own loneliness. Swimming in the garden water lane for a day not only did not get rid of the boredom in my heart, but added a lot of sadness. It is the use of the scenery that makes me more worried!
In the evening, Zhang Ji asked the old boatman to park his boat next to Qiao Feng. He didn't want to go anywhere.
The river under the maple bridge flows quietly in the night. The boat swayed gently on the water, just like a cradle swaying gently with the wind. I will have a good sleep in this cradle. Maybe I will wake up in a good mood tomorrow.
Zhang Ji went into the hut, took off his clothes and lay down. The waves are rippling and the ship is swaying, which is really comfortable, but the past has to be staged in my mind: the hardships of studying hard for ten years, the expectations of my parents, the contempt of others, my own frustration ... everything is like a steel needle, which makes people feel distressed. What makes Zhang Ji feel distressed most is grandma. Before the exam, grandma called Zhang Ji to the bed, shook her hands, took a jade Guanyin with a big thumb from her body and put it around Zhang Ji's neck. Grandma Yu Guanyin has been carrying this statue for decades, and Zhang Ji has never seen her take it down. Grandma said Guanyin Bodhisattva would bless Sunzi Jinbang High School.
Zhang Ji touched the jade Guanyin on his body and sighed, "Alas, grandma, the grandson is ashamed of your old man!" " "
Zhang Ji tossed and turned, unable to sleep. He simply put on his clothes and was ready to talk to the boatman. Walking out of the cabin, he found that the old boatman had fallen asleep at the bow. There is a small fishing fire on the river, and each small fishing fire is a family. Zhang Ji didn't want to disturb the old boatman, so he stood quietly at the bow to enjoy the moon. The moon seemed to look down on Zhang Ji, the last scholar, and gradually sank to the west, and soon fell from the top of the maple tree and never disappeared again. On the branch where the moon falls, there is a crow, which looks particularly bleak in the quiet night. Why is this crow still crowing late at night? Are you as worried about falling asleep as I am?
There is a wind on the river, and Zhang Jilin is shivering. It's already late autumn, no wonder the night wind invades the skin. He was about to go back to the cabin to add clothes when he heard a bell, which seemed to come from outside the sky. The bell is particularly pure and melodious in the quiet night, lingering in the ear for a long time, evoking Zhang Ji's infinite homesickness! When I was a child, Zhang Ji often went to the temple to burn incense and make wishes with her grandmother. She is used to hearing such bells. At this moment of falling out of the list, in the middle of the night in a foreign land, hearing this familiar bell, how can it not remind people of the good times of childhood and the loving grandmother? Does grandma know that her grandson has failed the list? No, in grandma's eyes, grandchildren are the best. Her old man's house must be looking forward to the good news that her grandson will be the number one scholar day and night!
The night wind was stronger, blowing the boat back and forth, and the fishing fire on the river went out. Zhang maple bridge in the night, blurt out:
Crows fell on the moon, crowed coldly, slept on maple trees, and slept in fishing lanes by the river.
In the lonely Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou, the bell that rang in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship.
More than 65,438+0,000 years later, wherever there are people from China, someone will recite this song "a night-mooring near maple bridge", but in the year when Zhang Ji failed the list, no one knows who won the top prize. If he hadn't failed the list, Zhang Jihui would have broken his head and couldn't have written such a beautiful poem. It was failure that made Zhang Ji complete. We were lucky enough to read Night Sleeping near Fengqiao, and we were also moved by Zhang Ji's failure.
Poetry knowledge
First, what is poetry?
The word "poem" is the abbreviation of the Book of Songs among the four books and five classics (poem, book, ceremony, book of changes, spring and autumn). The Book of Songs was originally called The Book of Songs, and was later regarded as a classic by Confucianism, so it was called The Book of Songs. The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems. Poetry, originally sung with music, is also called "poetry", and later evolved into a literary genre without music.
1, the definition of poetry:
"1" is the earliest literary genre. It expresses social life and people's spiritual world with concise language, rich feelings and rich imagination according to certain syllables, tones and rhythms.
< 2 > Modern Chinese Dictionary: A literary genre that reflects life and expresses feelings through rhythmic and rhythmic language.
2. Definition and interpretation of poetry (according to Modern Chinese Dictionary)
(1) A rhythmic language.
Old-style poetry has strict requirements in rhythm and prosody. Especially in Tang poetry and Song poetry, there are strict rules on the number of words, the level of words, antithesis, allusion and rhyme.
① Rhythm (or beat): refers to the priority and cadence of sound, which is mainly manifested in the intermittent pause of tone.
△ Wang Wei's Acacia:
Red beans/born in the south, spring comes/a few branches are sent. I wish you/get together more and more, this thing/is the most lovesick.
△ Du Mu's Qingming: Qingming/season/rain, road/pedestrian/desire to break the soul.
Excuse me, where is the/restaurant/shepherd boy/Yaozhi/Xinghua Village?
Poetry can have no strict rhythm, but it must have a distinct rhythm. Guo Moruo said: "Poetry is not without rhythm."
(2) Rhythm: refers to the flat pattern and prosodic rules in poetry. Ci Hai refers to the rhyme and rhythm in poetry.
△ Pingping: There are four tones in ancient Chinese: Pingping, rising tone, falling tone and entering tone (now entering tone has disappeared in Putonghua). According to the four tones of modern Chinese (except suicide), it can be divided into flat tone, rising tone, rising tone and falling tone. There is also an entering tone in the singing of Beijing Opera: Street.
The characteristics of flat tone: flat tone: gentle and long; Silence: short and urgent.
The use of flat and even words can make poetry have a strong sense of rhythm. When singing, the drawl can only be dragged until it is flat. For example, the "bright" in the lyrics "The Moon on the 15th" falls on Liang Yin.
△ rhyme: refers to the same or similar vowels at the end of some sentences in poetry, which makes the tone harmonious and beautiful. Generally, the first sentence can be bet or not. There are some lines in this new poem that rhyme or not. Examples of Wang Zhihuan's poems:
△ In the Lusu: the mountains cover the daytime, and the ocean drains the golden river. By going up one flight of stairs, look further.
△ "Liangzhou Ci":
The Yellow River is getting farther and farther away, because it flows in the middle of the Yellow River, and Yumenguan is located on a lonely mountain. Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing!
(2) Reflect life
① Reflect the working life: △ Ancient proverb: Broken bamboo, continued bamboo. Fly the soil and eat meat.
△ "The Book of Songs, Cutting Tan"
Kan Kan cut sandalwood, and the river dried up. The river is clear and blue. No crops, no crops, no crops, no crops, no crops. No hunting, no hunting. Is there a county in Hu Zhaner's court? He is a gentleman, he is not a vegetarian!
(2) Reflect the wedding of social stone collectors.
△ Du Fu's Three History Tongguan Li's Three Farewells
Xin 'an officials are homeless.
△ Du Fu's famous sentence "From Beijing to Fengxian 500 words": "Zhumen wine stinks, and the road has frozen bones."
△ Du Fu's "Soldiers to the East": "Cars, each of you has a bow and quiver on your belt. My parents, my parents, my wife and children all ran to see them. When they marched, the dust covered the sky and they couldn't see xian yangqiao. They followed you, crying, pulling your sleeve, and their sad voices floated to the sky ... "
△ "The Book of Songs"
③ Reflect frontier life.
△ Wang Changling "Joining the Army":
(1) Qinghai has a dark snow-capped mountain with long clouds and an isolated city overlooking Yumen Pass. Yellow sand wears golden armor for nothing, but broken loulan will not be returned.
(2) The desert is dusty and the red flag is half rolled out of Yuanmen. The former army fought in Taohe River overnight and reported that Gu Hun had been captured alive.
△ Wang Changling's "Out of the Plug":
It is still the moon and border pass in Qin and Han dynasties, and the enemy has fought a protracted war. If Wei Qing, who attacked Longcheng, and Li Guang, the flying general, were alive today, the Huns would not be allowed to go south to spend their horses in Yinshan.
△ William Wang Liangzhou Ci:
Wine luminous glass, want to drink pipa, hurry up immediately. Don't cry when you are drunk on the battlefield. The ancients fought several times.
④ Reflect the love life: △ "Guan Ju" △ "Peacock flies southeast" △ Li Ji's "Wang Gui and Li Xiangxiang"
(5) Reflect the pastoral landscape:
△ Tao Yuanming's Return to the Garden:
I planted beans at the foot of Nanshan, and the weeds in the field were covered with peas. In the morning, it was ridiculous to go home with Dai Yue's hoe.
The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes. It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will.
△ Tao Yuanming's middle sentence in "Building a House by Drinking":
"Mining bureau chrysanthemum east fence, carefree see nanshan. The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. "
△ Wang Wei's "Weishui Farmhouse":
In the countryside where the sun is setting, cattle and sheep go home along the path. A rugged old man stood at the door of the thatched cottage, waiting for Fei Jing with a cane. There are whistling pheasants? Full ears of wheat,
Sleeping silkworms, peeled mulberry leaves. The farmers who came back with hoes greeted each other cordially. No wonder I long for a simple life and sigh the old song, oh, back to the past! .
△ He Jingzhi's "Guilin Landscape Song"
(3) Express feelings:
Belinsky: "Emotion is the most important dynamic factor of poetry; Without feelings, there would be no poets and no poems. " Poetry expresses feelings in many ways: joy, anger, sadness, joy, surprise, fear and thinking. Example:
① Hi: Du Fu's "The banks of the Yellow River were recovered by the imperial army";
The Great Wall suddenly spread to the north. At first, I couldn't stop crying from my coat. Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily.
On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine. Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! .
② Anger: Yue Fei's "Man Jiang Hong":
Angry hair rushing to the crown, leaning on the fence and drizzling. Looking up, screaming in the sky, strong and fierce. Thirty fame, dust and earth, eight thousand miles of clouds and the moon. Don't wait to see young people's heads turn white, empty and sad. Jingkang shame, still not snow; When will the courtiers regret it? Driving a long car, Helan Mountain is neglected. Eat pork when you are hungry, and drink Hun blood when you are thirsty. Stay from the beginning, clean up the old mountains and rivers, and go to the sky.
3 mourning: △ Li Qingzhao's slow voice;
Looking around, lonely and sad. It's the hardest to stop breathing when it's warm and cold. How can you beat him when you talk about wine with three cups and two lamps? It's too late to worry! Guo Yan is very sad, but this is an old acquaintance.
△ Li Ying lost in January:
Dear Premier Zhou, I can't go to the hospital to see you, so I have to stand quietly in the twilight of Chang 'an Avenue with a cold newspaper. The January wind lifted my hair, and the dim street lamp flashed cold tears. ...
(4) Boudoir dissatisfied housewife thinks:
△ Li Qingzhao's "Red Lips, Boudoir Thinking":
"Lonely boudoir, heart full of sorrow. Cherish the spring, when to rush the rain ... "
△ Li Qingzhao's "Don't worry about cutting plums":
Lotus root is fragrant, and jade is lingering in autumn. Gently untie Luo Shang and go to Lan alone. Who sent the brocade book? The word goose returns, and the moon is full of the west building. Flowers bloom and fall, and flowing water gurgles. One kind of lovesickness, two places of leisure. There is no way to eliminate this situation, only frown and mind.
△ Li Bai's "Spring Thoughts":
The grass is as green as Beth, and the mulberry leaves in Qin area are green. Nostalgia, heartache. Spring breeze, you and I don't know each other. Why do I feel sad when it blows to Luo Zhang?
△ Li Bai's midnight Wu Ge:
There is moonlight in Chang 'an, and all the families in Yi Dao are there. The spring breeze will never stop, and it will always go to Yumen Pass. When will the border war be settled and when will my husband end his expedition?
△ Jin Changxu's "Spring Complaints" (Tang):
Get rid of the oriole, get rid of all the music on the tree. They woke her up when she dreamed that she went to meet him in Liaoxi camp.
Second, the history of poetry development
↓ 1, ancient songs
↓2. The Book of Songs: 305 articles, 5 of which have no words, also known as "Three Hundred Poems". China's "Six Arts" in The Book of Songs, the first collection of poems, are Feng (15 national style 160), Ya (105 works by emperors and generals), Ode (40 temple sacrificial songs), Fu (straight things), Bi (figurative) and Xing (first).
↓3. Songs of Chu: Represented by Qu Yuan, he inherited the tradition of The Book of Songs and created a new romantic poetic style.
↓4. Han Yuefu: "Yuefu" is the name of the music institution responsible for collecting folk songs. "Yuefu Shuangbi": Mulan Poetry and Peacock Flying Southeast.
↓5, Tang poetry: the golden age of China's poetry, the three great poets.
↓6. Song Ci: bold school (Su Xin school) and graceful school (Jiang Kui, Liu Yong, Li Qingzhao)
↓7. Yuanqu: Including Sanqu and Zaju.
↓8. Free Poetry (New Poetry): Poetry after the May 4th Movement.