With the unprecedented changes in diet structure, the intake of calories and fat in China has greatly increased, and the prevalence of obesity, overweight and accompanying cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes has been rising. According to the Healthy China Action (20 19-2030), the overweight rate of adults aged 18 and above in China is 30. 1%, and the obesity rate is 1 1.9%. There are 270 million hypertensive patients (20.0%) and 977 diabetic patients in China.
On the one hand, the intake of energy, fat and salt is too high, on the other hand, the intake of nutrients such as protein, calcium and iron is obviously insufficient. The Report on Nutrition and Chronic Diseases of Residents in China (20 15) shows that the average daily energy intake of urban and rural residents in China from 20 10 to 20 12 is 2 172 kcal, including 30 1 g of carbohydrate, 80 g of fat and 60% in protein. Fat accounts for 33% of energy intake, exceeding the upper limit of 30% recommended by the World Health Organization and the Nutrition Society of China. The per capita daily edible salt 10.5g is more than twice the recommended amount (5g/ day) of the World Health Organization. On the contrary, the daily calcium intake per capita is 339 mg, which is only 65,438+0/3 of the recommended amount (65,438+0,000 mg) by the International Osteoporosis Foundation and the National Institutes of Health.
In addition, unhealthy dietary concepts still exist. For example, the concepts of "shape-filling" and "cross-country shape-filling" have contributed to some unhealthy, superstitious and curious atmosphere.
There are many reasons for the above improper eating behavior, but the fundamental reason is that the public lacks scientific and healthy eating concepts and common sense, and the traditional agricultural production and food industry do not match the public's nutritional and health needs. To this end, the author suggests:
First, timely carry out all-round and three-dimensional national diet health education. After the outbreak, we can rely on universities, scientific research institutions and the compulsory education system, mobilize social forces extensively, make full use of all kinds of media, and carry out all-round and three-dimensional food health science popularization and national education activities in a timely and sustained manner in the whole society around changing dietary concepts, optimizing food structure and changing dietary patterns.
Second, actively build modern agriculture oriented to nutrition and sustainable development. A healthy diet is inseparable from healthy raw materials. Agriculture is the fundamental source and guarantee of nutritious and healthy products, and nutrition and health are new ideas and new impetus for agricultural development and transformation. The supply of nutritious agriculture can not be separated from the sustainable development of food system. Therefore, it is not only the mission of the times, but also the historical opportunity to formulate the food supply strategy with nutrition and sustainable agriculture as the goal, increase the corresponding investment in agricultural science and technology innovation and achievement transformation, develop agricultural products suitable for the nutritional needs of special people, strengthen the information exchange between supply and demand by using modern information technologies such as big data and "internet plus", and guide consumption upgrading with nutrition. Lead the formation of green sustainable agriculture with consumption, create a multi-participation agricultural green production system, and build a modern agriculture oriented to nutrition and sustainable development.
Third, scientifically standardize and improve the food industry processing standards and labeling system. Improve the system of nutrition regulations and standards, guide and support the nutritional upgrading and transformation of the food industry, develop new processed foods, scientifically design processing procedures, take products as nutritional carriers, bring healthy nutrition to consumers, and meet differentiated dietary needs. In accordance with the regulations prohibiting the consumption of wild animals in an all-round way, comprehensively check the existing processing standards of the food industry and keep the safety bottom line of the food supply system. Reform the food labeling system and give full play to the important role of labeling in guiding consumers to choose food scientifically and reasonably and promoting dietary nutrition. Encourage catering enterprises to hire nutrition caterers to guide catering, adjust and optimize menu design, and provide scientific ordering service with nutrition collocation and healthy dishes recommendation function, so as to effectively promote the concept of healthy eating through online and offline dining.
Fourth, make full use of policy tools to scientifically guide residents' dietary structure optimization. Healthy eating should make full use of various policy tools, especially price adjustment means, and carry out targeted intervention on residents' nutritional intake.