First, the health belief model.
The health belief model is based on needs and motivation theory, cognitive theory and value expectation theory. It pays attention to people's attitudes and beliefs about health and attaches importance to internal and external factors that affect beliefs. HBM is the first theory to explain and predict healthy behavior, which was put forward by Hochbaum, Rosenstock and Kegels in 1952.
HBM believes that individuals' perception, taking positive actions and believing that they can take recommended actions are important factors for behavior change. It is used to explore various long-term and short-term health behavior problems, including sexual risk behaviors and the spread of AIDS.
Second, the theoretical points of health belief model
1, action clue
Action strategies to achieve behavior change. Awareness of susceptibility and serious consequences can make individuals feel threatened, but they also need to know how to act. Clues to action can come from the media and others.
2. Self-efficacy
People with high self-efficacy are more likely to adopt suggestions and implement healthy behavior changes. By providing training and guidance, personal self-efficacy will be improved. The advantage of HBM is that it can motivate individuals to take action, put forward clear acceptance costs and action paths, and enhance their sense of ability to take action.
3. Perceptual disorders
Cost of taking action and difficulties encountered. "The diet control of diabetes is too strict. I can't eat any food I like, and I don't have enough. " "Doing business requires communication, and cigarettes can help communication. I have to consider whether I can still do business after quitting smoking! " . By identifying obstacles, making guarantees, giving incentives and support, individuals can be helped to reduce obstacles.
Three parts of health belief model
1, perceived threat
Individuals' awareness of their own health status and potential hazards, including their understanding of the specific consequences and severity of diseases.
Step 2 feel the benefits
Personal understanding of the benefits and benefits of adopting healthy behaviors, such as preventing diseases and improving quality of life.
3. Self-efficacy
Personal assessment of their ability and confidence to successfully implement healthy behaviors.